or means of egress, or as many thereof as may be deemed sufficient by the inspector, shall be provided and where it is necessary to provide fire escapes on the outside of such buildings they shall consist of landings and balconies at each floor above the first, to be built according to specifications provided by the factory inspector. Factory inspectors shall in writing notify the owner, agent or lessee of such manufacturing establishments, hotels, stores, theaters, schools, halls, apartment houses and public buildings, of the required location and specifications of such fire escapes as may be ordered.

SEC. 7. Stairways with substantial hand rails shall be provided in Stairways. manufacturing establishments, and where in the opinion of the factory inspector it is necessary, the steps of such stairs in all such establishments shall be substantially covered with rubber, securely fastened thereon, for the better safety of persons employed in said establishments. The stairs shall be properly screened at sides and bottom where females are employed, and where practicable the doors of such establishments shall swing outwardly or slide, as ordered by said factory inspector, and shall be neither locked, bolted [n]or fastened during working hours.

shifters,

SEC. 8. It shall also be the duty of the owner of any factory, or his agent, Belt superintendent or other person in charge of the same, to furnish or sup-guards, etc. ply, or cause to be furnished or supplied, in the discretion of the factory inspector, where machinery is in use, proper shifters or other mechanical contrivances for the purpose of throwing belts on or off pulleys. All gearing or belting shall be provided with proper safeguards, and wherever possible machinery shall be provided with loose pulleys. All vats, saws, pans, planers, cogs, set screws, gearing and machinery of every description, shall be properly guarded when deemed necessary by the factory inspector.

creating

ma

SEC. 9. Exhaust fans shall be provided for the purpose of carrying off Fans for dustdust from emery wheels and grindstones, and dust-creating machinery, creat wherever deemed necessary by the factory inspector.

etc.

SEC. 10 (as amended by act No. 169, Acts of 1907). Every manufac- Wash rooms, turing establishment, workshop, hotel or store in which five or more persons are employed, and every institution in which two or more children, young persons or women are employed, shall be supplied with proper wash and dressing rooms, and kept in a cleanly state and free from effluvia arising from any drain, privy, or other nuisance, and shall be provided within reasonable access with a sufficient number of waterclosets, earth closets or privies for the reasonable use of persons employed therein, at least one of such closets for each twenty-five persons employed; and wherever two or more persons and one or more female persons are employed as aforesaid, a sufficient number of separate and distinct water-closets, earth closets or privies shall be provided for the use of each sex, and plainly so designated and no person shall be allowed to use any such closet or privy assigned to persons of the other sex: Provided, That in all hotels where sleeping rooms are provided for female help such rooms shall have proper heat and ventilation.

SEC. 11. Not less than forty-five minutes shall be allowed for the Time noonday meal in any manufacturing establishment in this State. meals. Factory inspectors shall have power to issue written permits in special cases, allowing a shorter meal time at noon, and such permit must be conspicuously posted in the main entrance of the establishment, and such permit may be revoked at any time the inspector deems necessary, and shall only be given where good cause can be shown. SEC. 12. The commissioner of labor and deputy commissioner of Inspectors, labor and deputy factory inspectors shall be factory inspectors in the meaning of this act. At least one of which deputy factory inspectors shall be a woman. Said factory inspectors are hereby empowered to visit and inspect at all reasonable hours, as often as practicable or required, the factories, workshops and other manufacturing establishments in this State where the manufacture of goods is carried on, and all hotels where any person or persons are employed, also all stores employing ten or more persons. Deputy factory inspectors shall report to the commissioner of labor of this State at such time and man

Duties.

for

Report.

Application of

law.

Inspection.

ner as he may require. It shall also be the duty of the factory inspector to enforce all the provisions of this act and to prosecute for all violations of the same before any magistrate or in any court of competent jurisdiction in this State.

The admission of an inspector to a factory is subject to reasonable regulations of the proprietor. Refusing admission by a certain door and directing the use of another affording convenient access is not a violation of the law. 76 N. W. Rep. 89.

SEC. 13. Deputy factory inspectors shall make report to the commissioner of labor of each factory, hotel and store visited and inspected by them, which report shall be kept on file in the office of the commissioner, and a copy of said report shall be left with the owner or person in charge of the establishment visited and inspected. Deputy factory inspectors shall have the same power to administer oaths as is now given to notaries public, in cases where persons desire to verify documents connected with the proper enforcement of this act.

SEC. 14 (as amended by act No. 46, Acts of 1903). Sections one, two and three of this act shall apply to all places where goods, wares or products are manufactured, repaired, cleaned, or sorted in whole or in part.

SEC. 15. For the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this act, the commissioner of labor is hereby authorized and required to cause at least an annual inspection of the manufacturing establishments, factories and hotels, also all stores employing ten or more persons, in this State. Such inspection may be by the commissioner of labor, the deputy commissioner of labor, or such other person as may be appointed by the commissioner of labor for the purpose of making such inspection. Such persons shall be under the control and direction of the commissioner of labor, and are especially charged with the duties imposed, and shall receive such compensation as shall be fixed by the commissioner of labor, not to exceed three dollars a day, together with all Compensation. necessary expenses. All compensation for services and expenses pro

Report.

Prosecutions.

Manufactures in tenements.

Permits.

vided for in this act shall be paid by the State treasurer upon the warrant of the auditor general: Provided, That not more than twenty thousand dollars shall be expended in such inspection in any one year: And provided further, That the commissioner of labor shall present to the governor, on or before the first day of February of each year, a report of such inspection, with such recommendation as may be neces sary: And provided further, That in addition to the above amount allowed for expenses, there may be printed not to exceed one thousand copies of such reports for the use of the labor bureau for general distribution, and all printing, binding, blanks, stationery, supplies or map work shall be done under any contract which the State now has or shall have for similar work with any party or parties, and the expense thereof shall be audited and paid for in the same manner as other State printing.

SEC. 16. The prosecuting attorney of any county of this State is hereby authorized and required upon the complaint on oath of the commissioner of labor or factory inspectors, to prosecute to termination before any court of competent jurisdiction, in the name of the people of the State, actions or proceedings against any person or persons reported to him to have violated the provisions of this act.

SEC. 17 (as amended by act No. 169, Acts of 1907). No room or apartment in any tenement or dwelling house shall be used for the manufacture of coats, vests, trousers, knee pants, overalls, skirts, dresses, cloaks, hats, caps, suspenders, jerseys, blouses, waists, waistbands, underwear, neckwear, furs, fur trimmings, fur garments, shirts, hosiery, purses, feathers, artificial flowers, cigarettes or cigars, and no person, firm or corporation shall hire or employ any persons to work in any room, apartment or in any building or parts of buildings, at making, in whole or in part, any of the articles mentioned in this section, without first obtaining a written permit from the factory inspector, or one of his deputies, stating the maximum number of persons allowed to be employed therein and that the building or part of building intended to be used for such work or business is thoroughly cleaned, sanitary and fit for occupancy for such work or business. Such permit shall not be granted until an inspection of such premises is made by the factory inspector or one of his deputies. Said permit may be revoked by the factory inspector at any time the health of the community or of those so employed may require it: Provided further, That in all stores

Air space.

where goods are manufactured, altered or repaired, work rooms shall be provided with sufficient light, heat and ventilation, as prescribed in this section. It shall be framed and posted in a conspicuous place in the room, or in one of the rooms to which it relates. Every person, firm, company or corporation contracting for the manufacture of any of the articles mentioned in this section, or giving out the incomplete material from which they or any of them are to be made, or to be wholly or partially finished, shall, before contracting for the manufacture of any of said articles, or giving out said material from which they or any of them are to be made, require the production by such contractor, person or persons of said permit from the factory inspector, as required in this section, and shall keep a written register of the names and ad- Registers. dresses of all persons to whom such work is given to be made, or with whom they may have contracted to do the same. Such register shall be produced for inspection and a copy thereof shall be furnished on demand made by the factory inspector or one of his deputies: Provided, That nothing in this section shall be so construed as to prevent the employment of a seamstress by any family for manufacturing arti'cles for such family use. None of the work mentioned in this section shall be done in any room or apartment used for living or sleeping purposes, or which is connected with a room or rooms used for such purposes, and which has not a separate and distinct outside entrance, except by members of the family dwelling therein. Not less than two hundred and fifty cubic feet of air space shall be allowed for each person employed, and all workrooms shall be provided with sufficient means of light, heat and ventilation as may be prescribed by the chief factory inspector. It shall be the duty of local boards of health, health officers and physicians to report within twenty-four hours to the deputy factory inspector in their respective districts each and every case of contagious or infectious disease coming officially to their knowledge. Diseases. The chief factory inspector or any duly appointed deputy factory inspector shall have power to seize and take charge of all articles found that are being made or partially made, finished, cleaned or repaired in unhealthy or unsanitary places where there are contagious or infectious diseases, in violation of the law, and may proceed to disinfect, condemn or destroy the same as in the opinion of the local board of health officer, the public health or safety may require. Whenever it is reported to the chief factory inspector or to the State board of health, or to either of them, that any of the articles named in this section are being or have been shipped into this State, having previously been manufactured in whole or in part under unhealthy conditions, said chief factory inspector shall examine said goods and the condition of their manufacture, and if upon such examination said goods or any of them are found to contain vermin or to have been made in improper places or under unhealthy conditions, he shall make report thereof to the State board of health, which board shall thereupon make such order or orders as the public health and safety may require: Provided further, That in stores where goods are manufactured, altered or repaired, workrooms shall be provided with proper heat, light and ventilation, as pre

scribed in this section.

SEC. 18. Any person who violates or omits to comply with any of the foregoing provisions of this act, or who interferes in any manner with the factory inspector in the discharge of his duties, or who suffers or permits any child to be employed in violation of its provisions, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction shall be punished by a fine of not less than five nor more than one hundred dollars or by imprisonment for not less than ten nor more than ninety days, or by both such fine and imprisonment in the discretion of the court.

ACTS OF 1903.

ACT No. 87.-Inspection of factories-Duty to make improvements. SECTION 1. Whenever fire escapes, elevator protection or repairs, water-closets and other permanent improvements to buildings are ordered by factory or deputy factory inspectors under the provisions of act one hundred thirteen, session laws of nineteen hundred one, said

Penalties.

Owner to make improvements.

improvements shall be made by the owner of the building or premises where such improvements are ordered: Provided, That nothing in this section shall be construed to interfere with any contract between owner and tenant whereby the tenant agrees to make such improvements when ordered by factory or deputy factory inspectors.

SEC. 2. Whenever the owner of any building or premises, as mentioned in section one of this act, is a nonresident of this State, the tenant shall make such improvements and may deduct the cost thereof from the amount of rent for use of said premises.

ACTS OF 1907.

ACT No. 124.-Guards to be placed on corn huskers.

SECTION 1. Hereafter it shall be unlawful for any person, partnership, association or corporation, or for any officer or agent thereof, to sell or offer for sale, or to use within the State of Michigan, the machine commonly known as a corn husker, unless the same is safeguarded by an automatic feeder or other safety device, that shall compel the person, or persons, feeding said machine, to stand at a reasonably safe distance from the snapping rollers, and designed effectually to protect the person or persons operating the same from bodily injury while engaged in such operation.

SEC. 2. Any person, partnership, association or corporation, or officer or agent thereof, who shall be found guilty of a violation of the provisions of section one of this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars, or imprisonment not exceeding ninety days, or by both such fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the court.

ACT No. 152.-Iron foundries-Inspection, etc.

SECTION 1. All entrances to foundries shall be constructed and maintained so as to minimize drafts.

SEC. 2. All passageways in foundries, now in operation or hereafter to be built, shall be constructed and maintained of sufficient width to make them reasonably safe for the workmen, and no unnecessary obstructions shall be allowed in such passageways during the hours of casting.

SEC. 3. Whenever a foundry is so constructed or operated that smoke, steam, dust or noxious gases are not promptly carried off by the general ventilation, exhaust fans shall be provided. No salamanders or open fireplaces shall be used unless ample provision is made for conveying the gases arising therefrom directly from the building.

SEC. 4. Foundries shall be reasonably well lighted throughout working hours, and reasonably well heated during the cold and inclement weather. Hot water shall be kept available for washing purposes during the season in which artificial heating is necessary. When it is thought necessary and advisable by a State factory inspector, facilities shall be provided for drying the clothing of persons employed therein.

SEC. 5. All pits around furnaces in any such foundry shall be covered with substantial iron gratings, unless a special permit to use wood for such purposes is granted by the State factory inspector. All stairways around such furnaces shall be constructed of iron.

SEC. 6. There shall be kept on hand at all times in every foundry a reasonable supply of limewater, sweet oil, vaseline, bandages and absorbent cotton for use of the workmen in case of burns or accident. SEC. 7. It is hereby made the duty of each and every State factory inspector to enforce a reasonable compliance with the provisions of this act.

SEC. 8. Any place or establishment where metal castings or cores are made shall be deemed a foundry within the meaning of this act. The commissioner of labor, or his deputy, or any person authorized by such commissioner to act as factory inspector, or deputy factory inspector, shall be deemed a State factory inspector within the meaning of this act.

SEC. 9. Any person who shall violate any of the provisions of this Violations. act, whether as owner, lessee, manager, agent, servant or employee, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction thereof in any court of competent jurisdiction, shall be punished by a fine of not less than five nor more than one hundred dollars, and costs of prosecution, or by imprisonment in the county jail of not less than ten days nor more than three months, or by both such fine and imprisonment in the discretion of the court.

ACT No. 252.-Mattress factories-Hair-picking machines.

Machines may

SECTION 1. All persons, companies, or corporations operating any upholstering or mattress establishments or other establishments, fac- be required. tory or place where hair, moss, tow, or cotton is used for filling, shall provide the same with hair-picking machines when ordered by the commissioner or deputy commissioner of labor, which shall be placed in such a position or manner as to carry away the dust arising from or thrown off by such machines while in operation directly to the outside of the building or to some other receptacle established so as to receive and confine such dust, and the same shall be placed within such establishment, place or factory within three months after having been ordered to be so placed by the commissioner or deputy commissioner of labor.

SEC. 2. Any person or persons or company or managers or directors Violations. of any such company or corporation who shall have the charge or management of such establishment, factory, or place, who shall fail to comply with the provisions of this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof in a court of competent jurisdiction, shall be punished by a fine of not less than twenty-five dollars nor more than one hundred dollars or by imprisonment in the county jail of not less than thirty nor more than ninety days, or by both such fine and imprisonment in the discretion of the court.

MINNESOTA.

REVISED LAWS OF 1905.

Inspection of factories and workshops.

SECTION 1813. All saws, planers, wood shapers, jointers, sandpaper- Guards to be ing machines, and ironing mangles; all set screws, drums, and machin- provided. ery, including belts, shafting, cables, and fly wheels; all electrical dynamos and other dangerous electrical apparatus and appliances; and all vats, pans, or other receptacles containing molten metal or boiling liquid, in any factory, mill, or workshop, shall be so located as not to be dangerous to workmen, or, as far as practicable, shall be fenced or otherwise protected. Every dangerous place in or about factories, mills, workshops, and engineering work, near to which any employee is obliged to pass or to be employed, shall be securely fenced, inclosed, or otherwise protected. No grindstone, emery wheel, or machine in any factory, mill, or workshop shall be used when the same is known to be cracked or otherwise defective.

Belt shifters.

Fans.

SEC. 1814. Every owner of a factory, mill, or workshop where machinery is in use shall furnish or cause to be furnished, wherever practicable, belt shifters or other safe mechanical contrivances for the purpose of throwing on or off belts or pulleys; and, whenever practicable, machinery shall be provided with loose pulleys. Exhaust fans shall be provided for carrying off dust from emery wheels and grindstones. SEC. 1815. Every hoisting apparatus used in the construction of any Elevator shafts. building, every hoistway, hatchway, elevator well, and wheel hole in any factory, mill, workshop, storehouse, wareroom, or store, shall be securely protected on each floor by a barrier at least four feet high, which shall be kept closed except when necessarily opened for use. Every elevator car used for either freight or passengers shall be provided with some suitable mechanical device by which it can be securely held in the event of accident to the rope or hoisting machinery; but an ele