What buildings to have fire escapes.

GEORGIA.

CODE OF 1895-POLITICAL CODE.

Fire escapes on factories, etc.

SECTION 2622. Owners of every building more than two stories in height, not including the basement, used in the third or higher stories in whole or in part, as factory or workshop, shall provide more than one way of egress from each story of said building, above the second story, by stairways, on the inside or outside of said building, and such stairways shall be, as nearly as may be practicable, at opposite ends of each story, and so constructed that, in case of fire, the ground can be readily reached from the third and higher stories. Stairways on the outside of said buildings shall have suitable railed landings at each story above Doors to open the first, and shall connect with each of said stories by doors or winoutwardly. dows, opening outwardly, and such doors, windows and landings shall be kept at all times clear of obstructions. All the main doors of such buildings, both inside and outside, shall open outwardly, and each story shall be amply supplied with means for extinguishing fires.

Landings.

Inspection.

Who to make alterations.

Laundries, etc. to be erected.

Board of health.

Use of other buildings.

SEC. 2623. The municipal authorities of the town or city where such building is situated, or the ordinary of the county if the building is situated outside of any town or city, shall require the fire marshal or chief officer of the fire department, and if there is no fire marshal nor chief fireman, then some other suitable official, to examine such buildings at least once a year, and report in writing to said municipal authorities, or said ordinary, that said requirements have or have not been complied with. If not complied with, the municipal authorities or the ordinary, as the case may be, shall notify in writing the owner of such building to provide needful alterations or additions.

SEC. 2625. The owners of buildings referred to in this chapter shall make all alterations or additions necessary to comply with the requirements of this chapter. Examinations and reports shall be made during the month of December of each year.

HAWAII.

REVISED LAWS OF 1905.

Regulation of laundries.

SECTION 1063. The superintendent of public works may cause to be built and erected in the district of Kona, Island of Oahu, a sufficient number of laundries and wash houses, and to let the same to persons applying therefor at such rents, and upon such terms as the said superintendent shall deem advisable. And in like manner to designate and use for such purposes buildings already erected.

SEC. 1065. Such laundries and wash houses when erected shall be under the supervision and control of the board of health.

SEC. 1066 (as amended by act No. 111, Acts of 1907). Every person who shall carry on the business of laundry keeping or washing for hire, within the limits of the city of Honolulu, except in such buildings as shall be provided for such purpose, in accordance with the provisions of section 1063, or in such buildings as may be approved and designated for such purpose by the board of health, shall upon conviction be liable to a fine not to exceed ten dollars for each and every day during which he shall so carry on such business, and in default of payment of such fine shall be imprisoned until such fine is paid.

IDAHO.

ACTS OF 1903.

Fire escapes on factories, etc.

(Page 148.)

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than two stories

SECTION 1. It is hereby made the duty of every person, firm or cor- Factories more poration, or his or its agents, officers or trustees owning or having in height. the management or control of any * * factory or other structure over two stories in height to provide and furnish such building with safe and suitable metallic, iron or fireproof ladders of sufficient strength and permanently and securely attach the same to the outside or outer walls of such buildings in such manner and in such position as to be adjacent to the windows and convenient and easy of. access to the occupants of such buildings in case of fire.

SEC. 2. Such metallic, iron or fireproof ladders must connect with Ladders. each floor above the first, and be well fastened and secure and of sufficient strength and extend from the first story to the upper stories of such building or to the cornice thereof.

SEC. 4. Any person, firm or corporation, or his or its agents, officers Violation. or trustees, who shall fail to comply with the provisions of this act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall.be punishable by imprisonment in the county jail for not less than three nor more than six months, or by a fine of not less than two hundred dollar[s] ($200), nor more than three hundred dollars ($300), or by both such fine and imprisonment.

ILLINOIS.

ANNOTATED STATUTES OF 1896.

CHAPTER 48.-Factories and workshops-Sweat shops.

SECTION 17. No room or rooms, apartment or apartments in any Sewing, etc., In tenement or dwelling house used for eating or sleeping purposes, shall living rooms. be used for the manufacture, in whole or in part, of coats, vests, trousers, knee pants, overalls, cloaks, shirts, ladies' waists, purses, feathers, artificial flowers or cigars, except by the immediate members of the family living therein. Every such workshop shall be kept in a cleanly state, and shall be subject to the provisions of this act; and each of said articles made, altered, repaired or finished in any

of such workshops shall be subject to inspection and examination, as Inspection. hereinafter provided, for the purpose of ascertaining whether said articles, or any of them, or any part thereof, are in a cleanly condition and free from vermin and any matter of an infectious and contagious nature; and every person so occupying or having control of any workshop as aforesaid shall within fourteen days from the taking effect of this act, or from the time of beginning of work in any workshop as aforesaid, notify the board of health of the location of such workshop, the nature of the work there carried on, and the number of persons therein employed.

eases, etc.

SEC. 18. If the board of health of any city or said State inspector Infectious disfinds evidence of infectious or contagious diseases present in any workshop, or in goods manufactured or in process of manufacture therein, and if said board or inspector shall find said shop in an unhealthy condition, or the clothing and materials used therein to be unfit for use, said board or inspector shall issue such order or orders as the public health may require, and the board of health are hereby enjoined to condemn and destroy all such infectious and contagious articles.

ufactures.

SEC. 19. Whenever it shall be reported to said inspector or to the Importation of board of health, or either of them, that coats, vests, trousers, knee- sweat shop manpants, overalls, cloaks, shirts, ladies' waists, purses, feathers, artificial flowers or cigars are being transported to this State, having been previously manufactured in whole or part under unhealthy conditions,

Tumbling rods, etc., to be boxed.

Liability for injuries, etc.

Blowers for

etc.

said inspector shall examine said goods and the condition of their manufacture, and if upon such examination said goods or any of them are found to contain vermin, or to have been made in improper places or under unhealthy conditions, he shall make report thereof to the board of health, or inspector, which board or inspector shall thereupon make such order or orders as the public health shall require, and the board of health are hereby empowered to condemn or destroy all such articles.

CHAPTER 70.-Guards on threshing machines, etc.

SECTION 3. All persons in this State who are or may hereafter own or run any threshing machine, corn sheller, or any other machine which is connected to a horse power by means of tumbling rods or line of shafting, shall cause each and every length or section of such tumbling rod (except the one next the horse power), together with the knuckles or joints and jacks thereof, to be safely boxed or secured while running.

SEC. 4. Any person owning or running any machine, as mentioned in section 1 [sec. 3] of this act, without complying with the requirements of the aforesaid section, shall be held liable to the person damaged for any damage which may be sustained by such person by reason of such neglect, and no action shall be maintained nor shall any legal liability exist for services rendered by or with any such machine, when it shall be made to appear that the first section [sec. 3] of this act has not been complied with.

A plaintiff suing under this statute must show due care on his part to same degree as in actions for injuries resulting from negligence. 10 Ill. App. 271.

ACTS OF 1897.

Factories and workshops-Use of blowers on metal-polishing machinery.

(Page 250.)

SECTION 1. All persons, companies or corporations operating any facemery wheels, tory or workshop where emery wheels or emery belts of any description are used, either solid emery, leather, leather covered, felt, canvas, linen, paper, cotton, or wheels or belts rolled or coated with emery or corundum, or cotton wheels used as buffs, shall provide the same with blowers, or similar apparatus, which shall be placed over, beside or under such wheels or belts in such a manner as to protect the person or persons using the same from the particles of the dust produced and caused thereby, and to carry away the dust arising from or thrown off by such wheels or belts while in operation directly to the outside of the building or to some receptacle placed so as to receive and confine such dust: Provided, That grinding machines upon which water is used at the point of the grinding contact shall be exempt from the provisions of this act: And provided, This act shall not apply to small shops employing not more than one man in such work.

Provisos.

Hoods or hoppers.

SEC. 2. It shall be the duty of any person, company or corporation operating any such factory or workshop to provide or construct such appliances, apparatus, machinery or other things necessary to carry out the purpose of this act, as set forth in the preceding section, as follows: Each and every such wheel shall be fitted with a sheet of [or] cast iron hood or hopper of such form and so applied to such wheel or wheels that the dust or refuse therefrom will fall from such wheels, or will be thrown into such hood or hopper by centrifugal force and be carried off by the current of air into a suction pipe attached to same [said] hood or hopper.

Suction pipes. SEC. 3. Each and every such wheel six inches or less in diameter shall be provided with a three-inch suction pipe; wheels six inches to twenty-four inches in diameter with four-inch [such] suction pipe; wheels from twenty-four inches to thirty-six inches in diameter with five-inch suction pipe; and all wheels larger in diameter than those stated above shall be provided each with a suction pipe not less than six inches in diameter. The suction pipe from each wheel, so specified,

must be full size to the main-trunk suction pipe, and the main suction pipe to which smaller pipes are attached shall, in its diameter and capacity, be equal to the combined area of such smaller pipes attached to the same, and the discharge pipe from the exhaust fan, connected with such suction pipe or pipes, shall be as large or larger than the suction pipe.

SEC. 4. It shall be the duty of any person, company or corporation Fans, etc. operating any such factory or workshop to provide the necessary fans or blowers to be connected with such pipe or pipes, as above set forth, which shall be run at a rate of speed as will produce a velocity of air in such suction or discharge pipe of at least nine thousand feet per minute to an equivalent suction of pressure of air equal to raising a column of water not less than five inches in a U-shaped tube. All branch pipes must enter the main-trunk pipe at an angle of forty-five degrees or less, the main suction or trunk pipe shall be below the emery or buffing wheels and as close to the same as possible, and to be either upon the floor or beneath the floor on which the machines are placed to which such wheels are attached. All bends, turns or elbows in such pipes must be made with easy, smooth surfaces, having a radius in the throat of not less than two diameters of the pipe on which they are connected.

Investigation

SEC. 5. It shall be the duty of any factory inspector, sheriff, constable or prosecuting attorney of any county in this State in which of complaints. any such factory or workshop is situated, upon receiving notice in writing signed by any person having knowledge of such facts, accompanied by the sum of one dollar as compensation for his services, that such factory or workshop is not provided with such appliances as herein provided for, to visit any such factory or workshop and inspect the same, and for such purpose they are hereby authorized to enter any factory or workshop in this State during working hours, and upon ascertaining the facts that the proprietors or managers of such factory or workshops have failed to comply with the provisions of this act, to make complaint of the same in writing before a justice of the peace or police magistrate having jurisdiction, who shall thereupon issue his warrant, directed to the owner, manager or director, in such factory or workshop, who shall be thereupon proceeded against for the violation of this act and [as] hereinafter mentioned, and it is made the duty of the prosecuting attorney to prosecute all cases under this act.

SEC. 6. Any person or persons or company, or managers, or directors Penalty. of any such company or corporation who shall have the charge or management of such factory or workshop, who shall fail to comply with the provisions of this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction thereof before any court of competent jurisdiction, shall be punished by a fine of not less than twenty-five dollars and not exceeding one hundred dollars.

ACTS OF 1899.

Fire escapes on factories, etc.
(Page 220.)

SECTION 1. All buildings in this State which are four or more stories Fire escapes on in height, excepting such as are used for private residences exclusively, certain buildbut including flats and apartment buildings, shall be provided withings. one or more metallic ladder or stair fire escapes attached to the outer walls thereof and extending from or suitably near the ground, to the uppermost story thereof, and provided with platforms of such forms and dimensions, and in such proximity to one or more windows of each story above the first, as to render access to such ladder or stairs from each such story easy and safe; the number, location, material and construction of such escapes to be subject to the approval of the board of supervisors in counties under township organization, and a board of county commissioners in counties not under township organization, except in villages, towns and cities organized under any general or special law of this State, such approval shall be had by the corporate authorities of such villages, towns and cities: Provided,

New buildings.

Enforcement.

Penalty.

Complaints.

Negligence officers.

Penalty.

Sanitation.

Construction.

however, That all buildings more than two stories in height, used for manufacturing purposes or for hotels, dormitories, schools, seminaries, hospitals or asylums, shall have at least one such fire escape for every fifty (50) persons for which working, sleeping or living accommodations are provided above the second stories of said buildings;

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SEC. 2. All buildings of the number of stories and used for the purposes set forth in section one (1) of this act, which shall be hereafter erected within this State, shall upon or before their completion each be provided with fire escapes of the kind and number, and in the manner set forth in said section 1 of this act.

SEC. 3. The boards of supervisors and commissioners, and in villages, towns and cities, the corporate authorities thereof as aforesaid shall direct the sheriff of their respective counties to serve a written notice in behalf of the people of the State of Illinois, upon the owner or owners, trustees, lessee or occupant of any building within their county not provided with fire escapes in accordance with the requirements of this act commanding such owners, trustees, lessee or occupant, or either of them, to place or cause to be placed upon such building such fire escape or escapes within thirty (30) days after the service of such notice. And the grand juries of the several counties of this State may also, during any term, visit or hear testimony relating to any building or buildings within their respective counties, for the purpose of ascertaining whether it or they are provided with fire escapes in accordance with the requirements of this act, and submit the result of their inquiry, together with any recommendations they may desire to make, to the circuit court, except in Cook County, and to the criminal court of Cook County, and said court may thereupon, if it find from the report of said grand jury that said building or buildings is [not] or are not provided with a fire escape or escapes in accordance with this act, cause the sheriff to serve a notice or notices upon the owner, trustees, lessee or occupant of such building or buildings.

SEC. 4. Any such owner or owners, trustees, lessee or occupant, or either of them, so served with notice as aforesaid, who shall not within thirty (30) days after the service of such notice upon him or them, place or cause to be placed such fire escape or escapes upon such building as required by this act and the terms of such notice, shall be subject to a fine of not less than twenty-five (25) nor more than two hundred (200) dollars, and to a further fine of fifty (50) dollars for each additional week of neglect to comply with such notice.

SEC. 6. Any person may at any time make complaint in writing to the board of supervisors or commissioners or corporate authorities whose duty it is hereunder to enforce this law, that such escape or escapes are needed or are unsafe or insufficient, and it shall be the duty of such board of supervisors or commissioners or corporate authorities to at once inspect such building and escape or escapes and cause the sheriff to notify the owner, occupant, or party in control, to immediately take such steps as to overcome the cause of complaint, and any of officer, officers or persons failing to comply with this act, upon such complaint being made, shall be fined upon conviction, for each offense, not less than five dollars nor more than one hundred dollars, in any court of competent jurisdiction.

ACTS OF 1907.

PAGE 309.-Inspection of factories-Butterine and ice cream factories. SECTION 1. All buildings or rooms occupied by butterine and ice cream manufacturers shall be drained and plumbed in a manner conducive to the proper and healthful sanitary condition thereof, and shall be constructed with air shafts, windows and ventilating pipes sufficient to insure ventilation. The factory inspector shall direct the proper drainage, plumbing and ventilation of such rooms or buildings. No cellar or basement now used for the manufacture of butterine or ice cream shall be so occupied or used unless the proprietor shall comply with the sanitary provisions of this act.

SEC. 2. Every room used for the manufacture of butterine and ice cream shall be at least eight feet in height, and shall have, if deemed