Enforcement. SEC. 25. The chief factory inspector shall prepare the form of the employment certificates for children, and the permits, blanks, orders and notices required by this act; the same to be printed in accordance with the laws regulating printing and publishing, under the supervision of the superintendent of public printing and binding. He shall also divide the State into inspection districts, and assign one of the deputy factory inspectors to each district, and may transfer any of the said inspectors from one district to another, and make such rules and regulations governing their employment as the best interests of the service shall require. And he, the deputy factory inspector, and those employed in the office of the chief factory inspector, shall have the same power to administer oaths or affirmations as is now given to notaries public, in all cases where any person desires to verify documents necessary and incident to the issuing of employment certificates for children.

Six hours a day's work.

Inhumane

bidden.

PORTO RICO.

REVISED STATUTES AND CODES-1902.

REVISED STATUTES.

Hours of labor of children-Inhumane treatment.

SECTION 166. No child of either sex, under sixteen years shall be compelled to work in agricultural factories and manufacturing establishments over six hours per day, three in the morning and three in the afternoon. All persons who shall violate this provision shall be fined in a sum of from five to fifteen dollars, or imprisonment not to exceed thirty days for each offense.

SEC. 167. No foreman, teacher or other person having under his treatment for charge the work, care or education of a minor under sixteen years of age, shall resort to inhumane treatment to compel such minor to work or to study. Any violation of the provisions hereof shall be punished with a fine of from five to fifteen dollars or imprisonment not to exceed thirty days for each offense.

Mendicant,

etc.. tions.

PENAL CODE.

Certain employments of children forbidden.

SECTION 265. Any person, whether as parent, relative, guardian, occupa- employer or otherwise, having in his care, custody, or control any child under the age of twelve years, who shall sell, apprentice, give away, let out, or otherwise dispose of any such child to any person, under any name, title, or pretense, for the vocation, use, occupation, calling, service of begging, or peddling, in any public street or highway, or in any mendicant or wandering business whatsoever, and any person who shall take, receive, hire, employ. use, or have in custody any child for such purposes, or either of them, is guilty of a misdemeanor.

Usufruct be

ents, when.

CIVIL CODE.

Earnings of minors.

SECTION 225. Property acquired by an unemancipated child by longs to par labor or industry, or for any valuable consideration, belongs to the said child, but the usufruct thereof belongs to the parents having potestas over him whilst he lives in their company; but if the child, with the consent of his parents, lives independently, he shall be deemed emancipated for all effects as regards the said property, and he shall be the full owner and have the usufruct and administration thereof.

Earnings, etc., of married women.

SECTION 1314. The following is the separate property of each of the spouses:

2. That acquired for a good consideration by either of them during the marriage.

Earnings separate property.

SECTION 1 (as amended by chapter 1215, enacted 1905). No child under thirteen years of age shall, on or before the thirty-first day of December, A. D. 1906, and no child under fourteen years of age shall, after said thirty-first day of December, A. D. 1906, be employed or permitted or suffered to work in any factory, manufacturing or business establishment within this State, and no child under sixteen years of age shall be employed or permitted or suffered to work in any factory or manufacturing or business establishment within this State between the hours of eight o'clock in the afternoon of any day and six o'clock in the forencon of the following day: Provided, however, That this restriction as to hours of work shall not apply to mercantile establishments on Saturdays, or on either of the four days immediately preceding Christmas in each year. No child under sixteen years of age shall be employed or permitted or suffered to work in any factory or manufacturing or business establishment unless said child shall present to the person or corporation employing him or her a certificate, given by or under the direction of the school committee of the city or town in which said child resides, certifying, if said certificate is presented on or before the thirty-first day of December, A. D. 1906, that such child has completed thirteen years of age, and if said certificate is presented after said thirtyfirst day of December, A. D. 1906, that said child has completed fourteen years of age, and stating the name, date and place of birth of such child, which facts shall be substantiated by a duly attested copy of birth certificate, baptismal certificate, or passport, stating also the name and place of residence of the person having control of such child: Provided, however, That all age certificates in force at the time of the passage of this act shall be valid until the first day of January, A. D. 1906, and no longer. All certificates required by this act relating to the qualification of children employed in any factory or manufacturing or business establishment coming under the provision of this statute shall be kept by the employer at the place where such child is employed, and shall be shown to the factory inspectors provided for in this chapter, or either or any of them, on demand by said inspector or inspectors; and the proprietor or manager of any such factory or manufacturing or business establishment who shall refuse to show to any factory inspector any such certificate when demand is made therefor shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and, on conviction, be punished by a fine of not less than ten dollars nor more than fifty dollars. When any child employed under the provisions of this section leaves his employment, the person or corporation by whom such child has been employed shall, on demand by said child, deliver to him (or her) the certificate on the authority of which such child has been employed or, if such certificate is not demanded by said child, shall within two weeks after said child has left the employment of said person or corporation send said certificate to the school committee which issued it, or such person as the school committee may designate. The school committee of each town, or such person as the school committee may designate to issue the certificates provided for in

Age limit.

Night work.

Certificates.

Form.

Application of

Jaw.

this section, shall keep on file a copy of each certificate granted, together with the evidence of the date of birth on the basis of which such certificate is granted. The certificates provided for in this section shall be uniform throughout the State and in the following form or such substantially similar form as may be approved by the secretary of the State board of education.

AGE AND SCHOOLING CERTIFICATE.

(name of town or city)

This certifies that I am the (father, mother, guardian, or custodian) of (name of child) and that (he or she) was born at in the county (name of county, if known) and State (or country) of on the (day and year of birth) and is now (number of years and months) old. (Signature of father, mother, guardian, or custodian.) (Town or city and date.)

There personally appeared before me the above-named (name of person signing) and made oath that the foregoing certificate by (him or her) signed is true to the best of (his or her) knowledge and belief. I hereby approve the foregoing certificate of (name of child) height (feet and inches) eyes (color) complexion (fair or dark) hair (color) having no sufficient reason to doubt that (he or she) is of the age therein certified, and is apparently in sound health and physically able to perform the work which (he or she) intends to do.

This certificate belongs to (name of child in whose behalf it is drawn) and is to be surrendered to (him or her) whenever (he or she) leaves the service of the corporation or employer holding the same; but if not claimed by said child within two weeks from such time it shall be returned to the school committee or such person as such committee may designate.

(Signature of person authorized to approve and sign,
with official character or authority.)

(Town or city, and date.)

No action will lie to recover a minor's wages earned while employed in violation of this statute. 13 R. 1. 299.

SEC. 2 (as amended by chapter 1458, enacted 1907). Every person, firm, or corporation doing business within this State employing five or more persons, or employing any child under sixteen years of age, shall be subject to the provisions of this chapter, whatever shall be the business conducted by said person, firm, or corporation: Provided, however, That the provisions of this act shall not apply to children employed in household service or in agricultural pursuits. And provided, further, That said provisions shall not apply to the employment of children in the vocation, occupation, or service of rope or wire walking, or as gymnasts, wrestlers, contortionists, equestrian performers, or acrobats, riders upon bicycles or mechanical contrivances, or in any dancing, theatrical, or musical exhibition, but the employment of children in any vocation, occupation, or service enumerated in this proviso shall continue to be governed by the provisions of the General Laws, chapter 115, and the several amendments thereof. Cleaning mov- SEC. 6. No minor under sixteen years of age shall be allowed to clean ing machinery. machinery while in motion, unless the same is necessary and is approved by said inspectors as not dangerous. SEC. 8. Water-closets, earth closets or privies shall be provided in etc., for female all places where women and children are employed, in such manner as shall, in the judgment of said inspectors, meet the demands of health and propriety. Separate dressing rooms for women and girls shall be provided in all establishments where such are deemed a necessity by said factory inspectors; and in every manufacturing, mechanical or mercantile establishment in which women and girls are employed, there shall be provided, conveniently located, seats for such women and girls, and they shall be permitted to use them when their duties do not require their standing.

Water closets, employees.

Seats.

Penalty.

* *

*

SEC. 12 (as amended by chapter 1215, Acts of 1905). Any person or corporation who employs a child under sixteen years of age without the certificate required by section one of this chapter, or who makes

false statement in regard to any part required by such certificate or who violates any of the provisions of this chapter, or who suffers or permits any child or woman to be employed in violation of its provisions, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and, on conviction, shall be punished by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars: Provided, however, That this section shall not apply to that portion of section 1 of this chapter which fixes the penalty for the refusal to show to the inspector any certificate provided for in that section.

CHAPTER 108.-Employment of children on elevators.

*

SECTION 16 (as amended by chapters 921, enacted 1901, and 973, Age limit. enacted 1902). * * No person under the age of eighteen years shall take charge of or operate any passenger elevator.

CHAPTER 115.-Certain employments of children forbidden.

cupations.

SECTION 4 (as amended by chapter 475, enacted 1897). Every Acrobatic menperson having the custody or control of any child under the age of dicant, etc., ocsixteen years, who shall exhibit, use or employ, or shall in any manner or under any pretense sell, apprentice or give away, let out or otherwise dispose of any such child to any person for or in the vocation, occupation, service or purpose of rope or wire walking, or as a gymnast, wrestler, contortionist, equestrian performer, acrobat, or rider upon any bicycle or mechanical contrivance, or in any dancing, theatrical or musical exhibition unless it be in connection with churches, schools, or private instruction in dancing or music or unless it be under the auspices of a Rhode Island society incorporated, or organized without incorporation, for a purpose authorized by section 11 of chapter 176 of the General Laws, or unless it be with the written consent, previously obtained and revocable at will, of the mayor of the city or the president of the town council where such child is to be employed; or for or in gathering or picking rags, or collecting cigar stumps, bones, or refuse from markets, or in begging, or in any mendicant or wandering occupation, or in peddling in places injurious to the morals of such child; * * * or in any illegal, obscene, indecent, or immoral purpose, exhibition or practice whatsoever; or for or in any business, exhibition or vocation injurious to the health or morals, or dangerous to the life or limb of such child, or who shall cause, procure or encourage any such child to engage therein, or who after being notified by an officer mentioned in section 6 of this chapter to restrain such child from engaging therein, shall neglect or refuse to do so, shall be held guilty of a misdemeanor and shall, for every such offense, be imprisoned not exceeding one year or be fined not exceeding two hundred [and] fifty dollars, or be both fined and imprisoned as aforesaid, and shall forfeit any right which he may have to the custody of such child.

SEC. 5 (as amended by chapter 475, enacted 1897). Every person Hiring child. who shall take, receive, hire or employ, exhibit, or have in custody, or who shall cause to be taken, hired or employed, exhibited, or held in custody, any child under the age of sixteen years, for any of the purposes prohibited in the preceding section, shall be held guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be punished for every such offense in the manner provided in said section.

SEC. 6 (as amended by chapter 475, enacted 1897). The town sergeant of any town, the chief of police of any city, or the general agent or agents of the Rhode Island Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children may enter any place where any child may be held, detained or employed in violation of this chapter, and without process of law, seize and detain such child and hold him as a witness to certify upon the trial of any person charged with violating the provisions of this chapter; *

* *

CHAPTER 194.-Earnings of married women.

Enforcement.

SECTION 1. The real estate, chattels real, and personal estate, which Earnings sepaare the property of any woman before marriage, or which may become rate property. the property of any woman after marriage, or which may be acquired

27295-No. 73-08-10

by her own industry, including damages recovered in suits or proceedings for her benefit and compensation for her property taken for public use, and the proceeds of all such property, shall be and remain her sole and separate property free from control of her husband.

CHAPTER 198.-Hours of labor of women and children.

SECTION 22 (as amended by chapter 994, enacted 1902). No minor under sixteen years of age, and no woman, shall be employed in laboring in any manufacturing or mechanical establishment more than fiftyeight hours in any one week; and in no case shall the hours of labor exceed ten hours in any one day, excepting when it is necessary to make repairs to prevent the interruption of the ordinary running of the machinery, or when a different apportionment of the hours of labor is made for the sole purpose of making a shorter day's work for one day of the week.

Every employer shall post in a conspicuous place in every room where such persons are employed a printed notice stating the number of hours' work required of them on each day of the week; and the employment of any such person for a longer time in any day than so stated shall be deemed a violation of this section, unless it appears that such employment is to make up for time lost on some previous day of the same week in consequence of the stopping of the machinery upon which such person was employed or dependent for employment: Provided, That the provisions of this section shall not be construed to enlarge or impair any restriction placed upon the employment of any minor mentioned in chapter 64.

SEC. 23. Every person who willfully employs, or has in his employment or under his charge any person, in violation of the provisions of the preceding section, and every parent or guardian who permits any such minor to be so employed, shall be fined not exceeding twenty dollars for each offense. A certificate of the age of a minor, made by him or by his parent or guardian, at the time of his employment in a manufacturing establishment, shall be conclusive evidence of his age upon any trial of any person other than the parent or guardian for a violation of the preceding section.

SOUTH CAROLINA.

CODE OF 1902.

CIVIL CODE.

Earnings of married women.

SECTION 2666. All the earnings and income of a married woman shall be her own separate estate, and shall be governed by the same provisions of law as apply to her other separate estate.

Earnings of minors.

SECTION 2694. If any person shall hire or employ any minor, or person under the age of twenty-one years, without the knowledge and consent of the parents or guardian of such minor, such person shall pay to the said parents or guardian the full value of the labor of said minor from and after notice from the parents or guardian that payment of such service shall be made to him or them, as the case may be.

CRIMINAL Code.

Seats for female employees.

SECTION 333. It shall be the duty of all employers of females in any mercantile establishment, or any place where goods or wares or merchandise are offered for sale, to provide and maintain chairs or stools, or other suitable seats, for the use of such female employees, to the number of one seat for every three females employed, and to permit the use of such seats by such employees, at reasonable times, to such an extent as may be requisite for the preservation of their health. And