were 10,411, or 1.1 per cent. This important matter is presented very clearly by a comparative statement showing the principal causes of rejection for the years 1905 to 1910, inclusive, given in the report of the Commissioner-General of Immigration and here reproduced. It will be noted that the figures for 1910 show an increase in the number rejected on moral grounds from 777 in 1909 to 1,075 in 1910.

With respect to this feature of the immigration law, the Commissioner-General's report does not show any change from the satisfactory conditions of 1909. The Bureau and the Department have continued to enforce said provisions in a strict but at the same time fair manner. During the year 1,786 aliens were rejected at the ports on the ground that they were seeking to enter in violation of the alien contract labor provisions, and 78 were arrested and deported upon the same ground. This is about the same proportion of rejections and deportations as was shown for the previous year. Prior to 1909 there were in the service only two inspectors (stationed at New York and Boston) who were assigned exclusively to this class of duties, the enforcement of the alien contract labor provisions of the law having been vested in the immigration officers who attend to its general administration. During 1910 five more inspectors were assigned to this work exclusively, and were stationed at important labor centers. Thus, it is believed the general efforts of the immigration officers will be well sustained.

The Commissioner-General emphasizes the necessity for amending these provisions in such a way as to bring to justice parties responsible for the importation of contract laborers in a larger number of cases than is possible under the existing statute and so as to permit of a predetermination in those cases in which employers claim the privilege, under the exception to the statute, to import skilled help because of inability to obtain a sufficient supply in the United States.

ARRESTS AND DEPORTATIONS.

During the year 2,695 warrants of deportation were executed after granting hearings to the arrested aliens, compared with 2,124 for the previous year. These fall under the following heads: Those who were members of the excluded classes at the time of entry, 1,137; those who became public charges from causes existing prior to entry, 933; those who became prostitutes after entry, 53; those entering without inspection, 549.

The details with respect to the number of aliens actually returned to the countries whence they came on the various statutory grounds shown in the Commissioner-General's report need not be given here, but attention should be directed to the fact that the total number of aliens returned to the country of origin as physically, mentally, or morally below the standard set by the law was 6,612, this total being divided into 3,755 for physical, 1,088 for mental, and 1,769 for moral disqualifications. The corresponding figures for the year 1909 were 3,040 for physical, 1,078 for mental, and 1,138 for moral-a total of 5,256.

WHITE-SLAVE TRAFFIC.

The immigration law, as it affects the traffic commonly given the above designation, has been materially strengthened by two laws passed at the last session of Congress. One overcomes, so far as is constitutionally possible, the weakness in the general law which was pointed out by the Supreme Court in the Keller case, and also removes the three-year limit from the statute so far as aliens of this class are concerned. The other deals more particularly with interstate traffic in women for immoral purposes, and confers upon the Commissioner-General of Immigration additional powers with respect to the enforcement of the International White-Slave Agreement. The Commissioner-General's report shows that the efforts which were inaugurated in 1908 and continued in 1909, looking to an especially rigid enforcement of the law in this respect, have been continued and supplemented during the past year to the fullest extent possible with the limited appropriation available. It must again be pointed out that the federal officers are powerless under existing law to deal with more than a fraction of these cases. If the evil is to be met, the various States and municipalities must take a more active interest and adopt more rigid measures than heretofore.

JAPANESE AND KOREAN LABORERS.

The statistics furnished by the Commissioner-General regarding the enforcement of the President's proclamation of March 14, 1907, issued in pursuance of section 1 of the act of February 20, 1907, show satisfactory results. During the year 2,687 Japanese applied for

admission to continental United States, 2,598 of whom were admitted and 89 debarred. Of those applying, 2,442 were and 245 were not in possession of proper passports. Of those holding such passports, 2,393 were found on examination to belong to classes entitled under the proclamation and understanding with Japan to receive such credentials and only 49 were found not to be entitled thereto. The said 2,393 entitled to passports consisted of 722 former residents, 1,158 parents, wives, or children of residents, 512 new arrivals who were nonlaborers, and 1 settled agriculturist. The 49 not entitled to passports were laborers who were neither former residents nor the parents, wives, or children of such residents. During the same period 1,561 Japanese applied for admission to Hawaii, 1,527 of whom were admitted and 34 debarred. Of those applying, 1,545 had and 16 had not proper passports. Of those holding such passports, 1,454 were found to be entitled and 91 not entitled to them. Of the 1,454, 257 were former residents and 1,197 the parents, wives, or children of such residents.

CHINESE IMMIGRATION.

The Commissioner-General again devotes considerable space to a discussion of the difficulties which attend the enforcement of the Chinese-exclusion laws, which difficulties, despite the most untiring efforts upon the part of the administrative officers, seem to be on the increase. He again emphasizes the necessity for so amending these laws as to bring them into general agreement with the more systematic provisions governing aliens of other races, and to give the executive branch control of administration so distinctly executive in character as the arrest and deportation of unlawfully entered persons. At the same time his report shows that there has been great activity in the apprehension of smuggled Chinese and of those engaged in the smuggling; also that more general success has attended the efforts to deport arrested Chinese than was the case in some previous years.

During the year the Department approved a revision of the Chinese regulations presented to it by the Commissioner-General. In revising the rules two purposes were especially had in view: First, to reduce them to simpler terms, so that they might be more readily understood and followed, and, second, to secure in every possible way the enjoyment of the privileges which are allowed by the statutes to Chinese of the exempt classes and to Chinese laborers lawfully residing in this country, making the entry and reentry as easy and certain as the necessarily drastic provisions of the law permit.

DIVISION OF INFORMATION.

The distributive work of this Division during the greater part of the year was confined to farm laborers and domestics. The number distributed was 4,283, showing an increase over the preceding fiscal year of 115.

To the alien, prior to the moment of landing, the Division can give no information. After he lands, however, the Division may inform him of actual conditions in any part of the country generally or specifically. The likelihood of his displacing a citizen or any other is lessened when he is impartially informed of the real industrial situation. The records of the office show that information was given to 18,239 applicants at the branch offices of the Division. It is safe to assume the information so imparted benefited over double that number, owing to the fact that callers represent groups of from two to ten who could not call in person to make inquiry, but who profited by the information given. As in preceding years, the precaution was taken not to list the same person twice, no matter how often he called.

Over one-half of those applying directly for information were made up from six nationalities from northern Europe, viz, German, 3,557; Polish, 2,657; Swedish, 1,424; Danish, 1,239; Russian, 1,233; and Norwegian, 1,014, making a total of 11,124. It appears that a greater interest in farming and farm work prevailed during the last fiscal year than during the preceding years, for the inquiries were nearly all concerning agricultural labor.

Nine hundred and fifty-two native born and 362 naturalized citizens of the United States applied for and received information during the last fiscal year. The Division has given information freely to citizen applicants who wish to learn where they can locate or find industrial conditions adapted to their wants.

Those who seek to inform themselves on industrial conditions are not attracted to it by any system of advertising adopted for that purpose. After being landed the alien is handed a leaflet printed in the following languages: English, German, Dutch and Flemish, Norwegian and Danish, Swedish, Italian, Spanish, French, Greek, Turkish, Syrian, Bulgarian, Roumanian, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bohemian, Polish, Ruthenian, Russian, Finnish, Magyar, Lithuanian, and Yiddish. This leaflet directs attention to the fact that information may be obtained through the Division of Information, giving the address of the branch office. The Division reports that the prevailing scale of wages for farm hands has increased about $5 a month during the year and that wages for unskilled laborers have advanced in about the same proportion.

Attention is called to the fact that arriving immigrants may travel at a lower rate from the Ellis Island immigrant station than

residents of the United States pay in case they desire to proceed from New York to other parts of the country.

It is recommended that in each new immigrant station to be built and those in course of construction rooms be set apart for the Division of Information and that data collected by it be made accessible to arriving aliens. It is the intention during the coming year to collect and compile information by States so that a person wishing information concerning a certain locality in a certain State may not have to examine a mass of publications which may not interest him. With a large map facing the applicant for information in a room specially set apart for that purpose and data carefully compiled concerning the resources and physical characteristics of each State, there should be no reason why any person should want for work. A chief cause for idleness on the part of those who are willing to work is a lack of information. Through cooperation with other branches of the Government service, chiefly those of the States, information on all questions of interest to those seeking employment may be supplied through the Division of Information.

As in previous years, the greater number of those who were directed to employment went to New York and New Jersey. It is believed that by establishing branches in other large cities, including certain large inland cities, the number called from the ranks of the unemployed to profitable occupations would be greatly increased.

Such care was exercised in directing people to places of employment and in furnishing information that no complaint was made to the Division of nonarrivals or inaccuracy in information imparted.

The Division reports a growing tendency on the part of laboring men to seek farm work as a means of obtaining a livelihood, and it has devoted its principal efforts to creating a sentiment in favor of farm life and farm work.

IMMIGRANT STATIONS.

Generally speaking, progress with the construction of stations at the several ports has been extremely slow. At Galveston the final plans have not been accepted because of the difficulty encountered in bringing the cost of a proper structure within the appropriation. At New Orleans the site has been finally accepted, and preparations for construction are now being made. At Charleston, S. C., the ground has been selected, and the architects are now at work. At Baltimore the site has just been selected, and the work is entirely under the control of the Treasury Department. At Philadelphia the site has been selected and paid for, but the appropriation on hand is probably insufficient and substantially little progress has been made. At Boston a site was selected and paid for, but immediately afterwards the legislature of the State of Massachusetts authorized a change in the