are then taken off directly on listing adding machines. For certain purposes unusually wide adding machines, having 17 banks of figures, are used, thus enabling three columns to be added side by side, as, for example, the acreage, quantity, and value of a given crop. This arrangement permits the necessary editing of the returns to be made much more economically than by the method of editing the original schedules before tabulation, which was followed in 1900. The eye can readily pass down the column of figures, and if it is found that any item has been omitted (as, for example, the value of a crop where the quantity is given) an estimate of substantial accuracy can readily be made from the averages for the other farms in the group. Similarly, obviously erroneous figures, such as, for example, where a cipher is by mistake added or omitted, can be readily detected. It should be noted, however, that the practice of editing returns is confined to exceedingly narrow limits, and can not possibly result in any vitiation of the totals.

The total number of adding and listing machines used in the agricultural division is 263. In addition 23 typewriting adding machines are employed for summarizing results and for certain special tabulations which require a large number of columns side by side. These machines are proving highly satisfactory.

The work of tabulating the agricultural census had only just been begun at the close of the fiscal year, but at the present time the figures with regard to acreage and value of farms and buildings, number and value of live stock, and acreage, yield, and value of principal crops, have been tabulated for from one-third to one-half of the farms of the country. It is expected to complete these principal branches of the tabulation early in the spring of 1911, after which the less important data will be tabulated. The figures for these more important data for a number of States will be published before the end of the calendar year.

It is expected that very extensive changes will be made in the methods of arranging and publishing the figures of the agricultural census, by which the results will be more readily grasped and prove more useful to the general public. The changes in this respect in the agricultural census will be broadly similar to those mentioned with respect to the population census.

There has been no material change in the method of tabulating the results of the manufactures census. This is done chiefly by ordinary adding machines and wide-carriage typewriters. No radical changes will be made in the method of publishing the returns, but some changes of considerable importance have been determined which, it is believed, will render the figures more convenient and instructive.

APPROPRIATIONS.

As stated in my annual report for 1909, the estimate originally made of the cost of taking the Thirteenth Census and at the same time continuing the regular work of the Bureau of the Census for the three-year "census period" ending June 30, 1912, was $14,117,000, of which $12,930,000 was estimated as the cost of the Thirteenth Census proper. Although it was believed at the time I submitted my last annual report that this estimated expense would not be exceeded, it now appears probable that the estimated sum will not be sufficient, and that the expenditure for the Thirteenth Census period is likely to reach fully $14,500,000. On June 29, 1909, an appropriation of $10,000,000 was made by Congress for the salaries and necessary expenses of the Thirteenth Census. This appropriation was not limited to the fiscal year 1910, but the greater part of it was required during that year in paying supervisors of census, enumerators, special agents, and others employed in field work. On June 17, 1910, the legislative, executive, and judicial appropriation bill carried an additional appropriation of $2,000,000, which is to continue available until the end of the present census period. It is probable that the greater part of the sum now appropriated ($12,000,000) will be expended before the end of the present fiscal year. Another appropriation of at least $2,500,000 will therefore be necessary to cover the cost of tabulation and publication for the remainder of the census period. Of the $2,500,000 asked for, $1,000,000 should be available immediately on the passage of the act making the appropriation.

QUARTERS.

In order to provide for the large force necessary to compile the data for the Thirteenth Census, it was necessary to secure additional quarters. Therefore two additional buildings were leased about the first of the present calendar year; these together contain about as much floor space as the main census building. The aggregate rental of the three buildings now occupied is $40,000 per annum. In view of this large expense, and still more by reason of the inconvenience of the buildings themselves and of the separation of the force, serious consideration should be given at the proper time to the question of constructing a special building for the temporary work of the next decennial census and those succeeding. While provision has been made in the plans of the proposed building for the Department of Commerce and Labor to accommodate the normal force of the Bureau of the Census during intercensal periods, it is inexpedient for obvious reasons to make provision in the proposed Department building for the larger force employed by this Bureau during the decennial census period only.

WORK OF THE BUREAU ASIDE FROM THE DECENNIAL CENSUS.

During the year the Bureau of the Census issued 28 publications, 8 being reports of some magnitude and 20 being bulletins and pamphlets. The Bureau now publishes annual statistics on four subjects, namely, (1) official statistics of cities having over 30,000 inhabitants; (2) statistics of ginning, consumption, and stocks of cotton; (3) vital statistics for those States and cities which maintain a system of registration of births and deaths; and (4) statistics of forest products, collected and published in cooperation with the Forest Service of the Department of Agriculture.

The Bureau also publishes from time to time special reports on subjects not covered by the annual statistics or the regular decennial census. During the year the Bureau completed and published a report on religious bodies relating to the year 1906. The biennial edition of the Official Register, the second published by the Bureau since the transfer of that publication from the Interior Department, was for the first time issued within the time prescribed by lawDecember 1. The Bureau also published the results of its investigations of electrical industries covering the year 1907, continuing a series of quinquennial reports on the subject, initiated in 1902.

The Division of Vital Statistics of the Bureau during the year published the decennial revision of the International Classification of Causes of Sickness and Death, which was translated and printed for the use of registration officials and others. The division has also completed the first collection of statistics of births ever made by the Federal Government. This special report, soon to be issued, covers certain States and cities which possess registration records affording satisfactory data in necessary detail. It is hoped that the areas in which such records of births are kept with proper accuracy may gradually be extended, as has been the case with the registration of deaths.

A report (now in press) on the census of fisheries for the calendar year 1908 has also been completed. Preliminary reports were given to the press for each of the separate fisheries of the country-the Pacific Coast, Great Lakes, Mississippi River and tributaries, Gulf of Mexico, and Atlantic Ocean.

In compliance with the requirements of Senate resolution No. 270, Sixty-first Congress, second session, there is now being prepared for the use of Congress a report on the cost of retiring superannuated government employees. The Bureau also completed the work of tabulating the reports from the national, savings and private banks and trust companies for the National Monetary Commission. Results of this investigation have been published in the reports of that Commission,

BUREAU OF IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION.

IMMIGRATION IN GENERAL.

The report of the Commissioner-General of Immigration confirms the prediction of the report for the fiscal year 1909 that the trend of immigration was upward and was rapidly reassuming the large proportions which prevailed prior to the fiscal year 1908. During the past year the number of aliens coming as immigrants was 1,041,570. As the later months of the year show a greater proportionate increase than the earlier, it seems likely that the ensuing year will witness a still nearer approach to the largest record so far made that for the year 1907, viz, 1,285,349.

Of the total of 1,198,037 aliens entering the country, 1,041,570 were, as above stated, of the immigrant class (i. e., had left a permanent residence outside the United States and were entering with the intent to reside permanently in this country), while 156,467 were of the nonimmigrant class (i. e., were either former residents of the United States returning after a temporary absence, or permanent residents of foreign countries entering for temporary purposes). In connection with this must be considered the fact that 380,418 aliens left the country, of whom 202,436 were of the emigrant class (i. e., were leaving a permanent residence in the United States with intent to reside permanently abroad), and 177,982 were of the nonemigrant class (i. e., were departing with intent to remain abroad temporarily, or returning to their native land after a temporary stay here). With these statements may be compared the figures for the fiscal year 1909, showing that 944,235 aliens entered the country, of whom 751,786 were of the immigrant and 192,449 of the nonimmigrant class, and that 400,392 left the United States, of whom 225,802 were of the emigrant and 174,590 of the nonemigrant class. It will be seen that the actual increase in the alien population for the fiscal year 1910 was 817,619, as against an actual increase in the fiscal year 1909 of 543,843, the increase for the past year exceeding that for the preceding year by 273.776.

AGES, LITERACY, AND FINANCIAL CONDITION OF IMMIGRANTS.

Of particular interest with regard to the 1,041,570 immigrants entering the country are the following statistics: Of these, 120;509 were under 14 years of age, 868,310 were between the ages of 14 and 44, and 52,751 were 45 or over. As to literacy, 253,569 could neither read nor write and 4,571 could read but not write, these figures including no aliens under 14 years of age, which indicates a

decrease in illiteracy from 29 per cent of the total in 1909 to 28 per cent of the total in 1910. In 1908 the ratio was 26 per cent; in 1907, 30 per cent, and in 1906, 28 per cent. The total amount of money brought to the country by arriving aliens, calculated on the not altogether reliable basis of amounts shown at time of arrival, was $28,197,745, or an average of about $27 per person. There is no way, of course, to determine how much of this consisted of money sent the applicants by relatives or friends living in the United States. Concerning payment of passage, 755,453 claimed to have bought their own tickets, while 274,204 admitted that they had been assisted in this regard by relatives, and 11,913 that they had been so assisted by friends. According to the statement of the aliens themselves, it therefore appears that over 25 per cent of the total number admitted were assisted to reach this country.

AGES AND PERIODS OF RESIDENCE OF DEPARTING ALIENS.

During the year 202,436 aliens left the United States. Concerning 34,043 of these it has not been possible to secure a record of the period during which they have lived here, as they departed across the Canadian border. It appears that 13,741 were less than 14, 167,440 ranged from 14 to 44, and 21,255 were 45 years of age or over; while 136,159 had resided in the United States less than 5 years, 23,969 from 5 to 10 years, 3,877 from 10 to 15 years, 2,310 from 15 to 20 years, and 2,078 over 20 years.

OCCUPATIONS OF IMMIGRANTS AND EMIGRANTS.

Of common unskilled laborers, 214,300 immigrated and 89,393 emigrated; as compared with 138,570 members of the skilled trades immigrating and 21,574 emigrating. These should be compared further with the figures for the fiscal year 1909, as follows: Unskilled laborers, 174,800 immigrating and 118,936 emigrating; and skilled laborers, 87,160 immigrating and 21,919 emigrating.

SOURCES OF IMMIGRATION.

It is still true that the bulk of our immigration is being drawn from the countries of southern and eastern Europe. Italy, AustriaHungary, Greece, Turkey in Europe and the smaller principalities adjacent, and Russia supplied about 68 per cent of the immigrants admitted in 1910. In 1909 these same countries furnished 67 per cent. This is in marked contrast to the immigration of former times.

REJECTIONS OF ARRIVING ALIENS.

During the year it was necessary to turn back at the ports 24,270 aliens, or about 2 per cent of the total number applying for admission. The corresponding total and percentage for the year 1909