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Forfeiture Act 1870. In the second Appendix is given the full text of the Public Trustee Act 1906. The third Appendix contains all the necessary forms and precedents in every-day use, together with a scale of capital fees payable on acceptance. The reader will find such intricate subjects as the transfer of Securities, custodian Trustee, and the investigation and audit of Trust accounts, together with many others, dealt with in a popular and simple manner. The efforts of the learned Author will undoubtedly be received with great appreciation in a wide circle of readers.

London: John

Popular Government. By Sir HENRY MAINE. Murray. 1909.-Although in no sense of the word a legal work, these essays, coming from the pen of so eminent a jurist as the late Sir Henry Maine, merit more than a brief notice. In the first one the learned Author treats of the Prospects of Popular Government. Taking as his themes (a) "the ruler is the agent and servant, and the subject the wise and good master who is obliged to delegate his power to the so-called ruler, because being a multitude he cannot use it himself," (b) "Governments serve the community," he works out the history of English and Continental Governments. This essay is, in our opinion, far and away the best in the book, and in these days when the want of "clear thinking" is so obvious, it is an intellectual treat to read so much clear thought, even though it be somewhat conservative in its tendency. The nature of Democracy is the subject of the second essay, which commences with an enthusiastic eulogy on John Austin, at which few lawyers will cavil. One can almost see the hand of the writer involuntarily penning a note of interrogation after the phrase "The Age of Progress," which forms the text for the third essay, as here is so clearly indicated the personal opinion of the Author that it is not always necessary for the Legislature to legislate in order to justify its existence. Quot homines tot sententia will be the verdict of those who do not see eye to eye with Sir Henry Maine in his unstinted praise of the Constitution of the United States, the subject of the fourth essay. A better stimulus to the student of popular forms of Government, it would be hard to conceive, and for the thoughtful politician there will be plenty of food for reflection contained between the two covers of this able addition to philosophic politics.

The Children Act 1908. By W. CLARKE HALL and A. H. F. PRETTY. London: Stevens & Sons. 1909. This is really a third edition

of Mr. Clarke Hall's Law Relating to Children, but the passing of the Children Act 1908 necessitated the re-writing of that work, and so the name has been changed. The present edition is mainly made up of the recent Act with notes. It also contains the text of the statutes and sections of statutes contained in the Schedule. We have particularly noticed a very convenient Table showing the offences referred to in the first Schedule. There are also sections of various other Acts referring to children, and some forms. The notes are mostly short, but that to sect. 12, "Punishment for cruelty to children and young persons," is an exception, covering about 14 pages. In every case where a change in the law is made by the Act attention is called to it. It is worth the while of draftsmen to consider the suggestion thrown out, that in order to make use of the power of convicting of cruelty where a person is indicted for manslaughter, "in strictness the indictment for manslaughter should however contain an averment that the accused is over the age of sixteen and the child under that age, and that the accused had the custody, charge, or care of the child."

Second Edition. A Digest of Licensing Cases. By W. MACKENZIE, M.A., and H. D. WOODCOCK. London: Butterworth & Co. 1909. We have always found specialised digests useful; and that before us is a good example. Wisely, we think, the Authors have altered their scheme, and instead of classifying the cases under the various headings, now give them in chronological order, assisting the reader by an excellent Index, and also (a commendable feature) a Table of Cases grouped according to subject-matter. All the important decisions appear to be included. A good point is the reference after most of the head-notes to the relevant passage in Paterson's Licensing Acts. The accompanying Table of Cases and Statutes is well and fully done. Without wishing to be hypercritical we think that the present Lord Chief Justice should be described as Lord Alverstone, C.J., and not as Alverstone, C.J. Possibly Alverstone, L.C.J., might be a correct compromise.

By

Second Edition. The Law of Carriage by Railway. HENRY W. DISNEY. London: Stevens & Sons. 1909.-This book, originally intended only for students, and as a handbook to "enable railway men to gain some knowledge of the law governing the ordinary relationship between the carrier and his customer," has in

the present edition been adapted to the use of the legal profession by the citation of a number of additional cases.

Chapters have also been added on Rates, Facilities and Preference. An addition to the Appendix has also been made in the form of General Conditions and Bye-Laws and Regulations. The first Part deals with Carriage of Goods; the second with Carriage of Persons; and the third with the above-mentioned Facilities and Preference. Mr. Disney has, we think, followed a judicious course in not citing too many cases, and in treating with some fulness those he does cite, and he deals with his subject throughout with broad common-sense, as for instance, the manner in which he treats the liability of railway companies to persons on their premises other than passengers. We might also call attention to the short but practical summing up of the result of the cases where passengers' fingers have been squeezed in the door.

Third Edition. The Arts of Writing, Reading, and Speaking. By E. W. Cox. London: Horace Cox. 1909.-Mr. Serjeant Cox was in his day a celebrity, and the manual named above obtained so far back as 1878 a popularity which no doubt warrants the present reprint. We are somewhat sceptical as to the ability of anyone to lay down hard and fast rules for reading and speaking, to which a large portion of these letters is devoted, nevertheless we are far from saying that the book is not of use: we think that to many it may be of much use, as it has evidently been in the past. It is eminently readable, and contains much of interest, and it may at all events be urged that the Author had clearly found helpful to himself the rules and principles which he has handed down to others.

Fourth Edition. The Agricultural Holdings Act 1908. By A. J. SPENCER. London: Stevens & Sons. 1909.-The Land Tenure Bill, which ultimately emerged as the Agricultural Holdings Act 1906, was in its early stages stigmatised as a piece of class legislation, calculated to stir up strife between landlord and tenant. Chastened in Committee, and by the Upper House, and finally repealed before coming into operation, it was re-enacted, and now appears as part of the Consolidated Act of which Mr. Spencer writes in the book above named. Later editions of this book will no doubt be necessarily larger, but Mr. Spencer has furnished ample notes to the law as it stands, and appears to have included all the important decisions. The necessary forms and rules and a good Table of Cases has been added.

CONTEMPORARY FOREIGN LITERATURE.

Summarisches Strafverfahren in England und Strafverfahren in Schottland. By Drs. Jur. P. LIEPMANN and W. MANNHARDT. Berlin 1908.

German jurists are at present much occupied with reform of criminal procedure. This work is one of the Beiträge zur Reform der Strafprozesses devoted to that object. It follows immediately upon a volume dealing with the English police system. The present volume is carefully compiled, and will enable an English lawyer to see how our process of summary jurisdiction strikes a German. Some points, the learned Authors think, may be well imitated from us, in others the Germans have the best of it. For instance, the Mandatsverfahren of Germany and Austria does not exist in England. The List of Authorities is a good one, most of the main English and Scottish ones being cited, in addition to two or three which can hardly be considered in the front rank. The Authors are up to date, they know the Probation Officer and they give the main provisions of the Children's Bill, which had not become law at the time when this book was published, early in 1908. No decisions are cited.

Il Sentimento Giuridico. (Second Ed.) By Prof. G. DEl Vecchio. Rome: 1908.-The first edition has already been noticed in the Law Magazine and Review. The conclusion at which Prof. Vecchio arrives might be accepted by an English jurist if he could understand it, viz., that the sentiment of justice is the anthropological exigence of law.

PERIODICALS.

Journal du Droit International Privé. Nos. I-IV, 1909. Paris. -These numbers are full of valuable articles and decisions, of which space will allow but a small selection. Of articles may be named Les Associations Érotiques en Russie (p. 74), one on extradition by Mr. W. F. Craies (p. 378), and La Nouvelle Cour d'Appel Criminelle en Angleterre (p. 439). A curious decision is that at p. 259, where the Supreme Court refused to acknowledge Alfonso Sanz as the natural son of Alfonso XII, laying down the principle that a claim of affiliation must be supported by evidence stronger than that in ordinary cases when the reputed father is a king. The Areopagus

on appeal from Patras refused validity to the claim of an exclusive right of fishery around Cape Actium, on the ground that the sea is a res communis (p. 263). A Swiss decision of immense length on extradition is in practical agreement with our King's Bench Division in the case of Re Castioni (p. 281). The Supreme Court of Vienna held that if a guest places his clothes outside his door to be brushed, the proprietor of the hotel is liable if they are stolen (p. 530). Thirty lady-advocates (avocates) have been admitted to the bar in Bavaria. This, says the writer, is a number far in advance of that of Paris, where there have only been ten admissions in as many years. No wonder, says he, for there are 2,000 advocates in Paris and 200 would be ample for the work required.

Annuaire de la Législation du Travail. Brussels 1908.-This valuable annual digest of labour legislation (including old age pensions) is published by the Belgian Office of Labour, and includes the main laws on the subject passed in 1907. Several Acts and Orders in Council relating to the United Kingdom and the colonies fill as much as 265 out of 943 pages. At p. 309 will be found a decree allowing trades unions in Brazil. Chile (p. 312), Italy (p. 813), and Portugal (p. 873), have all passed laws for the observance of a weekly day of rest. The differences between the laws of the different countries are interesting. For instance, Italy and Portugal except from the law theatrical performers and employés of the theatre, Chile does not. In certain cases a day other than Sunday may be ordered by the central or local authority. The principal of a day of rest also occurs in Roumania. By the Lege asupra muncei minoneor &c. of 24 Feb. 1906, all women and boys under fifteen are entitled to one clear day of rest a week (p. 935).

Deutsche Juristen-Zeitung.

1 Jan. 15 March, 1909. Berlin.In Die Lüge in Prozess Prof. R. Schmidt deals with a matter about which County Court judges in England have often been exercisedthe too frequent perjury in Courts of justice (p. 39). Many articles deal with the reform of criminal procedure. Among others is a series of comparative statements of the constitution and practice of criminal Courts in Germany, Austria, France, and England (p. 105 et seq). The growing attention paid to comparative legislation is shown by a subsequent article on the way in which various legal systems have dealt with trusts in restraint of trade (p. 347).

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