The table which follows shows for the 24 cities in which both public and parochial schools are included the number of pupils for whom information was secured:

TABLE 45.-Number of pupils for whom information was secured in public schools and in parochial schools, by city.

[This table includes only cities in which information was obtained for both public and parochial schools.]

The table which follows merely compares the race distribution of pupils in public schools in 37 cities and in parochial schools in 24 cities:

TABLE 46.—Race distribution of pupils—Comparison of public and parochial schools. [This table includes only races which form 0.1 per cent or more of the pupils in either kind of school. The totals, however, are for all races. Hebrews of the various nationalities are considered one race.]

Comparatively little difference in the proportion of pupils who are children of native-born white fathers is found in the two types of schools. Such children form 39.5 per cent of the total number of pupils in the public schools of 37 cities and 36.3 per cent of the total number of pupils in the parochial schools of 24 cities.

The children of foreign-born French Canadian fathers form 0.6 per cent of the total in the public schools and 4.5 per cent of the total in the parochial schools; those of foreign-born Hebrew fathers 17.6 per cent of the total in the public schools and only 0.1 per cent of the total in the parochial schools; those of foreign-born Irish fathers 4.8 per cent of the total in the public schools and 26.9 per cent of the total in the parochial schools; those of foreign-born Polish fathers 1.4 per cent of the total in the public schools and 7.1 per cent of the total in the parochial schools; those of foreign-born Swedish fathers 2.6 per cent of the total in the public schools and only 0.1 per cent of the total in the parochial schools.

The next table shows, for each of the 24 cities in which information was secured for both public and parochial schools, the foreign race which ranks first in the number of pupils. The table compares the public and the parochial schools:

TABLE 47.-Foreign race ranking first in number of pupils in public and in parochial schools, by city.

In only 5 of the 24 cities does the same race rank first among foreign races in both the public and the parochial schools. In Boston the Irish rank first in both kinds of schools; in Kansas City the Germans; in Los Angeles the Germans; in Manchester the French Canadians; and in New Orleans the South Italians.

DESCRIPTION OF GENERAL TABLES.

For each of the 24 cities included in the investigation of pupils in parochial schools 5 general tables are shown in the Commission's complete report on schools. The pupils are classified by general nativity and race of father of pupil in all tables excepting Table 1, in which no race divisions are shown. The following points are covered by the general tables:

Table 1.-Grade and age- Number of pupils of each age in each grade, by sex. This table shows for each grade and for each year of the high school and also for the kindergarten and special schools the number of boys and the number of girls of each age. The age shown is the age at last birthday. The pupils are not classified by race.

Table 2.-Race, sex, and grade-Number of pupils of each sex in each grade, by general nativity and race of father of pupil. This table shows by sex the number of pupils in each grade or year of school work. The information is presented by general nativity and race of father of pupil. The age of the pupils is not shown. From this table are computed the percentages showing "race distribution" in Table 4 and the percentages showing "grade distribution" in Table 5.

Table 3.-Race, sex, and age, by grades Number of pupils of each age in each grade, by sex and by general nativity and race of father of pupil. This table takes up separately the kindergarten, each of the elementary grades, each year of the high school, and the special grades. For each grade or year of school work the table shows the number of boys and the number of girls of each age at last birthday. The data are presented by general nativity and race of father of pupil.

Table 4.-Race distribution in each grade-Percentages. This table shows for the kindergarten, for each of the grades, for each year of the high school, and for the special schools the proportion of pupils whose fathers were of each specified general nativity and race. Only races represented in the public schools of the city by 100 or more pupils are shown in detail; all others are shown under "Other races" in this table.

Table 5.-Grade distribution of each race-Percentages.-This table shows for the pupils of each race the proportion in the kindergarten, in each of the elementary grades, in each year of the high school, and in the special grades.

Only races represented in the public schools of the city by 100 or more pupils are shown in detail; all others are shown under "Other races" in this table.

STATISTICAL COMPLETENESS OF THE DATA.

It was of course absolutely impossible to secure data for every pupil in the schools of the various cities even with the hearty cooperation of superintendents of schools and teachers in the public schools, and the equally hearty cooperation of diocesan school authorities and teachers in the parochial schools.

In the general investigation both the school officials and the teachers showed a great deal of interest in the matter and gathered practically complete statistics for the schools under their charge. Here and there probably a class was omitted, and in Philadelphia 82401°-v -VOL 2-11-6

one school district is missing and efforts to supply the deficiency were fruitless.

All of the available evidence shows that omissions have been rare. This appears from a comparison of the figures secured by the Commission with other official records of the schools of the various cities. The number in attendance on a given day is not shown in published school records, but practically all the cities publish statements showing the annual average attendance. The table which follows compares the Commission's figures with the average annual attendance in the cities where such figures are available:

TABLE 48.-Number of pupils for whom information was secured in the general investigation conducted by the Immigration Commission and annual average attendance as shown by other records.

The close approximation of the two columns of figures is very striking. In the aggregate the figures derived from the investigations of the Immigration Commission are slightly larger (less than one-half of 1 per cent) than those of the annual average attendance. The divergence in the individual cities is not strongly marked.

For a few cities in the United States official figures are available for both the annual average attendance and the December average attendance. In those cities the December average is slightly higher (less than one-half of 1 per cent) than the annual average.

In the 7 cities where the "intensive" investigation was conducted the information was secured not by the use of a form filled out by the teacher for the entire class, but by the use of individual cards, filled out in part by the pupils or their parents and in part by the teachers. The task of securing information in this manner is much more difficult than by the other method. The returns from the cities in which the individual card method was used indicate that a considerably larger proportion of pupils were omitted in those 7 cities than in the 30 cities where the information was reported by the teachers.

The "intensive" investigation was in some cities confined to the elementary grades and did not include kindergarten and high schools. The table which follows compares the Commission's figures for these 7 cities with available figures from other sources.

TABLE 49.-Number of pupils for whom information was secured in the intensive investigation conducted by the Immigration Commission and annual average attendance as shown by other records.

a This column includes both complete and incomplete cards.

In 4 of the 7 cities where this method of enumeration was pursued-Bay City, Johnstown, New Bedford, and New Britain-the number for whom information was secured approximates very closely the average annual attendance. In 2 of the cities-Cedar Rapids and Chelsea-there is considerable difference between the two sets of figures, and the fact that for these cities the returns are not complete should be borne in mind in using the material.

For the parochial schools it is possible to compare the number of pupils for whom information was secured by the Immigration Commission with the register of pupils in the official directory of those schools. Such a comparison is made in the table which follows:

TABLE 50.-Returns from parochial schools compared with official records.

The Commission's figures in the aggregate are 70.9 per cent of the enrollment. Taking into consideration the difference between the total enrollment and the attendance on any one day, it is probable that the Commission's figures cover approximately all of the pupils present on the day of the enumeration. Where omissions have occurred it has generally been a whole school,