LIST OF TABLES. TABLE 1. Total immigration to Canada from July 1, 1900, to Mar. 31, 1909, by race or nationality Page. 611, 612 2. Total immigration to Canada, 1901-1909, by specified countries or 612 3. Occupation of immigrants to Canada, including accompanying 613 4. Emigration from the United States to Canada, July 1, 1906, to 617 5. Total immigrants admitted and rejected under Canadian and United 6. European immigrants, including Syrian, admitted and rejected 7. The "net immigration" to Australasia for the five decennial periods 8. Immigration to Argentine Republic, 1863 to 1908, by nationality.. 10. Immigration to and emigration from the Argentine Republic, 1871 623 $624 632 640 641 641 11. Immigration movement to Brazil, 1820 to 1907, by nationality.. 645, 646 12. Immigration movement to Brazil, 1820 to 1907, by nationality; per cent distribution 646 THE IMMIGRATION SITUATION IN OTHER COUNTRIES. PART I. CANADA. Canada affords an interesting example of a country with a definite immigration policy and an immigration law admirably adapted to the carrying out of that policy. The Dominion desires immigrants who will aid in developing the newly opened agricultural regions of the West, but the coming of those whose purpose it is to settle in cities and towns is discouraged. The policy of the government in this respect is officially expressed as follows: 1. Money is expended and administration is exercised with the object of securing immigrants whose purpose in life is to occupy farm lands, either as owners, tenants, or laborers. 2. Money is voted and administration is exercised with the object of excluding those whose presence in Canada would tend to add to the congestion of towns and cities. In pursuance of this policy organized effort is made to secure immigrants from the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, Holland, Germany, Denmark, Iceland, Finland, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland, and in such of these countries as permit the promotion of emigration to a foreign country Canada conducts a propaganda for the purpose of inducing or directing emigration to the Dominion. THE PROPAGANDA IN EUROPE. Salaried agents of the Canadian immigration department are stationed in London, Liverpool, Birmingham, York, Glasgow, Aberdeen, Belfast, Exeter, Dublin, Paris, and Antwerp, and under their direction an extensive advertising campaign is carried on. Officially prepared circulars in several languages, setting forth the inducements offered by Canada to agricultural immigrants, are distributed in large numbers; similar advertisements are carried in newspapers and other publications which circulate among the classes most desired; permanent exhibits of Canadian products are maintained in several cities, and traveling exhibits are sent to various sections of Great Britain and Ireland and to agricultural fairs and other exhibitions throughout the United Kingdom. Another feature of the propaganda, and one which particularly indicates Canada's desire for immigrants, is the payment of a liberal bonus to several thousand so-called booking agents in the favored countries. These booking agents are for the most part local steamship ticket agents, and theoretically the bonus is allowed for the purpose of inducing such agents to favor Canada by directing thereto • Official circular, Superintendent of Immigration, Canada, June 4, 1909. intended emigrants who otherwise might choose a different destination. The bonus paid is £1 ($4.86) on each person 18 years of age or over, and 10s. ($2.43) on persons between 1 and 18 years. In Great Britain it is paid upon tickets to Canada sold to British subjects engaged in the occupation of a farmer, farm laborer, gardener, stableman, carter, railway surfaceman, navvy, or miner, and who signify their intention of following farming or railway construction work in Canada. Female domestic servants also are included. A like bonus is paid on similar classes of immigrants from France, Belgium, Holland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Finland. During the fiscal years 1905 to 1909, inclusive, this bonus was paid on 16.5 per cent of all British immigrants, and on 11 per cent of all immigrants from continental Europe, admitted to Canada. In England the Salvation Army is also utilized as an agency to promote emigration to Canada, and grants of money are made to the army for that purpose. It is stated, however, that no immigrants are brought to Canada at the government's expense. The British press is relied upon as a factor in promoting emigration to Canada through news articles relative to the progress and advantages of the Dominion, and also through the publication of letters from persons who have settled there. British newspaper writers and other publicity agents are encouraged to visit Canada, and it is stated that much desirable advertising has resulted. Some years ago Canada inaugurated the plan of sending agricultural delegates to Great Britain to supplement the work of regular immigration agents, and this proved so successful that the practice has been continued. THE PROPAGANDA IN THE UNITED STATES. For many years Canada has regarded the United States as a desirable field for immigration effort. The propaganda here is conducted under the direction of an official designated as inspector of agencies and press agent, and general agents are stationed in sixteen cities. The efforts of these salaried representatives are supplemented by a large number of subagents, who are paid a commission of $3 per man, $2 per woman, and $1 per child on bona fide settlers induced by them to settle in western Canada. During the fiscal years 1905 to 1909, inclusive, this commission was paid on 5.6 per cent of all United States immigrants entering Canada. How the campaign to induce emigration from the United States is conducted is shown in the following extract from the annual report for 1908 of Mr. W. J. White, inspector of agencies and press agent, who directs the Canadian propaganda in this country: " There is not a State in the Union in which Canada is not advertised. The offices of the government are located in the best agricultural sections, with a view to being in easy touch with the surrounding country so as to make it possible for the agents to cover their respective districts with the least trouble. The offices are located as follows: M. V. McInnes, Sixth Avenue Theater Block, Detroit, Mich. Jas. N. Grieve, Spokane, Wash. J. S. Crawford, 125 West Ninth street, Kansas City, Mo. a • Report of Superintendent of Immigration, Canada, 1908, pp. 86-88. |