environment has little effect upon their fecundity. On the other hand, the first generations of English, Germans, and Scotch, like the native American stock, appear to have fewer children in cities than in the country.

TABLE 26.—Women under 45 years of age married ten to nineteen years, classified by parentage and nativity: Average number of years married per child borne.

RHODE ISLAND, CLEVELAND, MINNEAPOLIS, RURAL OHIO, AND RURAL MINNE

Total area tabulated.

2.9

2.9

2.9

TABLE 26.-Women under 45 years of age married ten to nineteen years, classified by parentage and nativity: Average number of years married per child borne-Cont'd.

RHODE ISLAND, CLEVELAND, MINNEAPOLIS, RURAL OHIO, AND RURAL MINNE

SOTA: 1900-Continued.

Nationality (as determined by country of birth of both parents).

White of foreign parentage-Continued.
Norwegian....

First generation..

Second generation..

a Not separately tabulated; included under "Other foreign."
Not computed, owing to small number involved.

The preceding table gives the average number of years married per child borne. It brings out in a different way the same facts indicated by the previous tables, viz, that fecundity is much greater among the women of foreign parentage than among the native American women of native parentage, and that it is usually greater in the first generation of foreign stock than in the second, and that it is on the whole greater in rural districts than in cities. The native white married women of native parentage had borne in the aggregate one child every 5.3 years, while the women of foreign parentage had borne one every 3.2 years. The first generation of the white of foreign parentage, representing the immigrant women, had one child every 3 years, and the second generation had one every 3.6 years. For each class of foreign parentage the number of years married per child borne is less in the first generation than in the second, with very few exceptions.

Comparing the different classes of foreign parentage, we find that the fecundity is greatest in the first generation of Polish women, who had on the average one child every 2.3 years; also that the fecundity is least in the second generation of English women, who had on the average one child every 5 years.

ABSTRACT OF THE REPORT ON

CHANGES IN BODILY FORM OF DESCENDANTS OF

IMMIGRANTS.

For the complete report on changes in bodily form of descendants of immigrants see Reports of the Immigration Commission, vol. 38.

CONTENTS.

General results of the investigation..

Measurements of distinct types...

Relations between time of immigration and change of type..

Rate of physiological development of foreign-born and American-born.

Probable causes of change in type..

Problem of heredity.

Phenomena of growth.

Color of hair....

Effect of size of family..

Page.

505

509

527

536

541

552

553

555

555

LIST OF TABLES.

TABLE 1. Cephalic index, or width of head expressed in per cent of length of
head, of foreign-born and American-born Hebrews and Sicilians..

2. Cephalic index of Hebrew and Sicilian boys; foreign-born, those
born in America within ten years after arrival of mother, and
those born ten years or more after arrival of mother...

3. Measurements of foreign-born and American-born Bohemians,
Slovaks, Hungarians, and Poles, combined..

4. Measurements of foreign-born and American-born Hebrews.
5. Measurements of foreign-born and American-born Sicilians..

506

508

510, 511

512, 513 514, 515

6. Measurements of foreign-born and American-born Neapolitans.. 516, 517
7. Measurements of American-born minus measurements of foreign-
born: All types measured.

526

8. Differences in head form of Hebrew males, between foreign-born,
those born in America within ten years after arrival of mother,
and those born ten years or more after arrival of mother...... 527-530
9. Cephalic index of foreign-born and American-born, arranged accord-
ing to time elapsed between birth and immigration: Hebrews,
Sicilians, and Neapolitans..

10. Differences in stature and weight of Hebrew males, between foreign-
born, those born in America within ten years after arrival of
mother, and those born ten years or more after arrival of mother..

11. Stages of pubescence of Hebrew boys..

12. Cephalic index of foreign-born and American-born for each year of
immigration: Hebrews, Sicilians, and Neapolitans.

13. Width of face of foreign-born and Ámerican-born adult Bohemians
for each year of immigration.....

14. Excess of difference between parents and their American-born
children over difference between parents and their foreign-born
children: Bohemians, Hebrews, Sicilians, and Neapolitans.....
15. Width of face of foreign-born and American-born adult Bohemians
arranged according to time elapsed between birth and immigration
16. Correlations between parents and children: Hebrews....
17. Difference in cephalic index between father and mother, and corre-
sponding variability of children.......

19. Stature of children of families of different sizes: Toronto, Ontario,
and Oakland, Cal........

555