Annual Report

4. Among modern nations as reached by the teachings of Christianity, in the gradual unfolding of the present received ideas of school organization, and of the principles and methods of instruction,—through (a) the peculiar organization and distinctive teaching of the early Christians; (b) the first popular school of the Christian Fathers, Chrysostom and Basil; (c) the Catechist schools of Clement and Origen; (d) the seminaries and cloister schools of Tertullian, Cyprian, Jerome and Austin; (e) the Monastic institutions of Benedict, Dominic and Francis; (f) the court schools and educational labors of Charlemagne and Alfred; (g) the modifications wrought by Arabic culture which followed the incursions of the Moors; (h) the rise and expansion of universities; (i) the demand of chivalry for a culture for man and woman distinct from that of the clergy, and of incorporated cities for schools independent of ecclesiastical authorities; (j) the revival of the languages, and the literature of Greece and Rome; (k) the long-protracted struggle between Humanism and Realism, or between, on the one hand, the study of languages for the purposes of general culture and the only preparation for professions in which language was the great instrument of study and influence, and on the other, the claims of Science, and of the realities surrounding every one, and with which every one has to do every day, in the affairs of peace or war; () and the gradual extension and expansion of the grand idea of universal education of the education of every human being, and of every faculty of every human being, according to the circumstances and capabilities of each. While thus aiming to give in each number, contributions to the History of Pedagogy and the internal economy of schools, we hope in this series to complete our survey of—

II. Systems of National Education, and especially an account of Public Schools and other Means of Popular Education in each of the United States, and of all other governments on the American Continent.

III. The history and present condition of Normal Schools and other special institutions and agencies for the Professional Training and Improvement of Teachers.

IV. The organization and characteristic features of Polytechnic Schools, and other institutions for the education of persons destined for other pursuits than those of Law, Medicine and Theology, including a full account of Military Schools.

V. The history and courses of study of the oldest and best Colleges and Universities in different countries.

VI. The life and services of many Teachers, Promoters and Benefactors of Education, whose labors or benefactions are associated with the foundation and development of institutions, systems, and methods of instruction.

Hartford, March, 1862.

HENRY BARNARD.

CLASSIFIED INDEX

ΤΟ

BARNARD'S AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATION.

VOLUMES I. TO XVI.

CLASSIFICATION OF SUBJECTS.

L. General Principles and History of Education.
II. Individual Views and Special Systems of Education.
IL Studies and Methods of Teaching; School Organiza

tion and Government.

I. Teachers and their Training; Normal and Model

Schoo; Teachers' Institutes.

V. State and National Systems of Instruction.

VI Secondary, Intermediate, Academical, and High
Schools.

TIL Caiversity and Collegiate Education.

XI. Education of the Deaf and Dumb, Blind, Idiots, &c. XII. Moral and Religious Education; Sectarian Schools and Instruction.

XIII. Female Education.
XIV. Physical Education.

XV. Supplementary, Self, and Home Education; Libra

ries.

XVI. Educational Societies and Teachers' Associations. XVII. Philology and Bibliography; School-books and Periodicals, &c.

VIIL Spec. Schools and Departments of Science, Arts, XVIII. School Architecture.

Agriculture, Museums, &c.

II. Xitary and Naval Education.

L. Preventive and Reformatory Education.

XIX. Educational Endowments and Benefactors.
XX. Miscellaneous.

XXI. Educational Biography and List of Portraits.

CHAPTER I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND HISTORY OF EDUCATION.

EDUCATION defined by Eminent Authorities; English,

XI. 11-20; Greek, Roman, French, German, Scotch and American, XIII. 7-16. Educational Aphorisms and Suggestions, from Two Hundred Authorities, Ancient and Modern.-Man, his Dignity and Destiny, VIII. 9. Nature and Value of Education, VIII, 38. Duties of Parents and Teachers, VIII, 65. Early Home Training, VIII. 75-80; XIII. 79-92. Female Education XIII. 232-242. Intellectual Culture in General, X. 116. Subjects and Means of Education, X, 141, Religious and Moral Instruction, X, 166. Discipline, X. 187. Example, X, 194-200. The State and Education, XIII, 717-624.

Reformers at Beginning of Seventeenth Century VI. 459. Thirty Years' War, and the Centur Following, VII, 367. Real Schools, V. €89. Re formatory Philologists, V. 741. Home and Privat Instruction, VII, 381. Religious Instruction, VII 401. Methods of Teaching Latin, VI. 581. Methods of Classical Instruction, VII, 471. Methods of Teaching Real Branches, VIII, 101-228. Germai Universities, VI, 9-65; VII, 47-152. Student So cieties, VII. 160.

Educational Development in Europe, by H. P. Tappan I. 247-268.

Hebrews, and their Education, by M. J. Raphall, I

243.

Education, Nature and Objects of-Prize Essay, by Greek Views of Education, Aristotle, XIV. 131 John Lalor, XVI. 33-64.

Education for the Times, by T. M. Clark, II. 375.
Education a State Duty, by D. B. Duffield. III. 81.
Education and the State; Aphorisms, XIII. 717-724.
Views of Macaulay and Carlyle, XIV, 403. Amer-
ican Authorities, XI, 323; XV, 5.
Education Preventive of Crime and Misery, by E. C.
Tainsch. XI. 77-93.

Home Education-Labors of W. Burton, II. 333.
Intellectual Education, by William Russell.-The
Perceptive Faculties, II. 113-144, 317-332. The
Expressive Faculties, III, 47-64, 321-345. The
Reflective Faculties, IV, 199-218, 309–342.
Lectures on Education, by W. Knighton, X, 573.
Misdirected Education and Insanity, by E. Jarvis, IV.

591-612.

Moral and Mental Discipline, by Z. Richards, I. 107. Objects and Methods of Intellectual Education, by Francis Wayland, XIII, 801-816.

Philosophy of Education, by Joseph Henry, I, 17-31. Philosophical Survey of Education, by Sir Henry Wotton, XV, 131-143.

Problem of Education, by J. M. Gregory, XIV, 431. Powers to be Educated, by Thomas Hill, XIV, 81-92. Self-Education and College Education, by David Masson, IV, 262-271.

Thoughts on Education, by Locke; Physical, XI.

461; Moral, XIII, 548; Intellectual. XIV. 205. Views and Plan of Education, by Krüsi, V, 187–197. Unconscious Tuition, by F. D. Huntington, I, 141-163. Schools as they were Sixty Years Ago in United States, XIII. 123, 837; XVI. 331, 738; XVII. Progressive Development of Schools and Education in the United States, XVII.

History of Education, from the German of Karl von Raumer, IV. 149. History of Education in Italy. VII. 413-460. Eminent Teachers in Germany and the Netherlands prior to the Fifteenth Century, IV. 714. Schlettstadt School, V. 65. School Life in the Fifteenth Century, V. 79. Early School Codes of Germany, VI. 426. Jesuits and their Schools, V. 213; VI. 615. Universities in the Sixteenth Century, V, 536. Verbal Realism, V, 655. School

Lycurgus, and Spartan Education, XIV. 611 Plutarch, XI, 99.

Roman Views of Education, Quintilian, XI, 3. Italian Views of Education and Schools, Acquaviva, XIV. 462; Boccaccio, VII, 422; Botta, III, 513; Dante and Petrarch, VII. 418; Picus, Politian, Valla, Vittorino, VII. 442; Rosmini. IV. 479. Dutch Views of Education, Agricola, IV, 717; Busch and Lange, IV. 726; Erasmus. IV. 729; Hierony mians, IV, 622; Reuchlin, V. 65; Wessel, IV. 714. French Views of Education and Schools, Fenelon, XIII. 477; Guizot, XI, 254, 357; Marcel, XI. 21; Montaigne, IV. 461; Rabelais, XIV. 147; Roussenu. V. 459; La Salle, III, 437. German Views of Education, Abbenrode, IV. 505, 512; Basedow, V. 487; Comenius, V, 257; D'exterweg. IV. 235, 505; Dinter. VII. 153; Felbiger, IX. 600; Fliedner, III. 487; Franké, V. 481: Graser, VI, 575; Gutsmuths, VII. 191; Haman”, VI. 247; Hentschel, VIII, 633; Herder, VI, 195; Jacobs, VI. 612; Jahn, VIII. 196; Luther, IV. 421; Meinotto, VI. 609; Melancthon, IV. 741; Neander, V, 599; Overberg, XIII. 365; Ratich, V. 229; Raumer, VII, 200, 381; VIII. 101; X. 227, 613; Ruthardt, VI. 600; Sturm, IV, 167, 401; Tobler, V. 205; Trotzendorf, V. 107; Von Turk, V. 155; Vogel, IX, 210; Wolf, VI, 260. Swiss Views of Education, Fellenberg, III, 594; Krüsi, V. 189; Pestalozzi, III. 401; VII, 513;

Vehrli, III, 389.

English Views of Education, Arnold, IV. 545; As

cham, IV. 155; Bacon, XIII. 103; Bell, X, 467. Colet, XVI, 657; Elyot, XVI, 485; Hale, XVII, Hartlib, XI. 191; Goldsmith, XIII, 347; Johnson, XII. 369; Lalor, XVI, 33; Lancaster and Bell, X. 355; Locke VI. 209; XI. 461; XIII. 548; Masson, IV. 262; XIV, 262; Milton, II. 61; Mulcaster, XVII. 177; Spencer. XI, 445; Sedgwick, XVII.; Temple, F, XVII.; Whewell, W., XVII.

Early Promoters of Realism in England, XII, 476, Bacon, V. 663; Cowley, XII, 651; Hoole, XII 647: Petty, XI, 199.

II. INDIVIDUAL VIEWS AND SPECIAL SYSTEMS OF EDUCATION.

Schools of Louisiana, II. 473.

Abenrode. On Teaching History and Geography, Bard, Samuel.
IV. 305, 512
Barnard, D. D. Right of State to establish Schools,
XI, 323. Memoir of S. Van Rensellner, VI. 223.
Barnard, F. A. P. Improvements in American Col-
leges, I. 269. Influence of Yale College, V. 723.
Memoir, V, 753-780. Titles and Analysis of Publi-
cations, V. 763-769. Value of Classical Studies,

Abbot, G. D., and the Useful Knowledge Society,
XV. 241 Educational Labors, XVI, 600.
Arkland, Henry W. Natural Science and Physical
Exercise in Schools, XVII.
Arqmviva, and the Ratio Studiorum, XIV, 462.
Adams, John.
Adams, J. Q.
tive and the
m S. XVII.

Education and the State, XV, 12.
On Normal Schools, I, 589. Educa-
State, XV, 12. Educational Reform

Plan of Village School, IX, 540. Allye. Robert

Schools of Rhode Island, II, 544. Anderson, H. J. Schools of Physical Science, I. 515. Andrews, L. W. Educational Labors, XVI. 604. Andrews, L. Educational Labors, XVI. 604. Andrews, S. J. The Jesuits and their Schools, XIV. 455. Arbony H. On Competitive Examinations at West Point. XV. 51. Arse, and his Educational Views, XIV. 131. Cred III. 45; IV. 463; V. 673; VII. 415; VIII 40-79; X. 132-195.

Arocid. Matthew. Tribute to Guizot, XI. 281.
Soos of Hel'and, XIV, 712.

Arr:1. Thomas, as a Teacher, IV, 545-581.
Aschen. Roger. Biographical Sketch, III. 23.
Texophiles: the Schoole of Shootinge, III. 41.
The Schoolmaster, IV. 155; XI. 57.

Ashbarten Lord. Prize Scheme and Address on
Teach Common Things, I, 629.

Austin. Sarah. Ends of a Good Education, XI, 20. Avestings. Study of German, XI, 162.

Babe, A. D. On a National University, I. 477.
Education in Europe, VIII. 435, 444, 455, 564, 609;
IX. 167, 210, 569; XII. 337; XIII, 303, 307.
Barun, Leonard. Life of James Hillhouse, VI, 325.
Binan, Lord. His Philosophy and its Influence upon
Education, V. 663. Essays on Education, and
Stades, with Annotations by Whately, XIII, 103.
Bailey, Ebenezer. Memoir, XII. 429. Girls' High
School in Boston in 1828, XIII, 252.
Raker. T. B. L. Reformatory Education, III, 789.
Baker, W. S.
Itinerating School Agency, I, 729.
Museum of Zoology, IX, 619.

Eatks, N. P.

765.

V. 763. Open System of University Teaching, V. Oral Post-graduate Department, V. 775. Teaching, V. 775. Barnard, H. Educational Labors in Connecticut from 1837 to 1842, I, 669; Speech in Legislature in 1838, 678; Address to the People of Connecticut, 670; Analysis of First Report in 1839, 674; Expenditures for School Purposes, 679; Measures and Results, 685; Schedule of Inquiries, 686; Topics of School Lectures, 709; Plan of State Institute, 721. Labors in Rhode Island from 1843 to 1849, I. 723; XIV. 558; Institute of Instruction, 559; Series of Educational Tracts, 567; Educational Libraries, 568; Correspondence with Committee of Teachers, 579. Labors in Connecticut from 1850 to 1854, XV, 276; Plan of Public High School, 279; Public and Prental Interest and Coöperation, 285; Legal Organization of Schools, 289; School Attendance, 293; Agricultural Districts, 303; Manufacturing Districts, 305; Cities, 309; Gradation of Schools, 316; Private versus Public Schools, 323; Teachers' InstiNormal tutes, 387. Arguments for, VIII, 672. Schools, I. 753; X, 15. Plan of Society, and Journal and Library of Education, I. 15, 134. Princi ples and Plans of School Architecture, I. 740; IX. 487; X. 695; XII. 701; XIII. 818; XIV, 780; XV. 783; XVI. 781. National Education in Europe, I. 745; XV. 329. Reports and Documents on Common Schools in Connecticut, I. 754, 761. Reports and Journal of Public Schools in Rhode Island, I, 755. Tribute to Gallaudet, I, 417, 759. Memoir of Ezekiel Cheever, I. 297, 769. Reforma tory Schools and Education, III, 551, 819. Military Schools and Education, XII. 3-400. Naval and Navigation Schools, XV. 17, 65. Competitive Examination, XI. 103. Educational Aphorisms, VIII. 7; XIII, 7, 717. German Universities, VI. 9; VII, 49, 201. Books for the Teacher, XIII. 447. German Educational Reformers, XIII. 448. American Text-books, XIII. 209, 401, 628; XIV. 753; XV. 539. English Pedagogy, XVI. 467; Object Teaching and Primary Instruction in Great Britain, 469. Pestalozzi and Pestalozzianism, VII. 284, 502. National and State Educational Associations, XVI, 311; American College Education, 339. Standard Publications, XVI. 797; Progressive Development of Education in the United States, XVII; Educational Land Grants, XVII. Barnard, J. School-days in 1689, I, 307. Barnard, J. G. Treatise on the Gyroscope, III, 537; IV. 529; V. 298.

Barney, II. H. Schools of Ohio, II, 531.

Barrow, Isaac. Education defined, XI. 13.

Basedow, and the Philanthropinum, V, 487-520.

Bateman, N. Educational Labors, XVI, 165.

Bushnell, Horace. Early Training, XIII, 79. Pastimes, Plays, and Holidays, XIII, 93. Homespun Era of Common Schools, XIII. 142. The State and Education, XIII, 723.

Bates, S. P. On Liberal Education, XV. 155. Me- Buss, J., and Pestalozzianism, VI, 293.
moir, XV, 682.

Bates, W. G. On Training of Teachers, XVI, 453.
Becker, K. L. Study of Language, XII. 460.

Byron, Lady. Girls' Reformatory School, III, 785.

Cady, L. F. Classical Instruction, XII. 561.
Beecher, Miss C. E. Physical Training, II, 399. Caldwell, Charles.
Western Education, XV. 274.

XVI, 109.

Education in North Carolina,

Memorial on Nor. Sch., XVI. 86.
Calkins, N. A. Object Teaching, XII, 633.
Carlyle, T.
Education defined, XIII. 13. The
State and Education, XIV, 406. Reading, XVI.
191. University Studies, XVII.

Beecher, Henry W. School Reminiscences, XVI, 135. Calhoun, W. B.
Bell, Andrew, and the Madras System, X, 467.
Benedict, St., and the Benedictines, XVII.
Beneke, F. E. Pedagogical Views, XVII.
Bernhardt. Teachers' Conferences, XIII, 277.
Berranger. Training of Orphan Children, III, 736.
Bingham, Caleb. Educational Labors, V, 325.
Bishop, Nathan. Public Schools of Boston, I. 458.
Girls' High School of Boston, XI, 263. Plans of
Providence School-houses, XI. 582. Memoir,
XVII.

Blockman, Dr. Pestalozzi's Poor School at Neuhoff,
III. 585.

Carpenter, Mary. Reformatory Education, III. 10,

785.

Carpenter, W. B. Physical Science and Modern Lan-
guages in Schools, XVII.

Carter, J. G. Life and Services, V. 409. Essay on
Teachers' Seminaries, XVI, 71. Memorial, XVI.
80.
Cecil, Sir William.

Boccaccio, and Educational Reform in Italy, XII, Channing, W. E.
418.

Bodleigh, Sir T. On Travel, XV, 380.
Bolingbroke. Genius and Experience, XI, 12.
Booth, Rev. J. Popular Education in England, III,
252, 265. Competitive Examination, III, 257.
Borgi, Jean, and Abandoned Orphans, III, 583.
Botta, V. Public Instruction in Sardinia. III, 513;
IV, 37, 479.

Bowen, Francis. Life of Edmund Dwight, IV, 5.
Braidwood, J. Education of Deaf-mutes, III, 348.
Brainerd, T. Home and School Training in 1718,
XVI, 331.

Braun, T. Education defined. XIII, 10.
Breckenridge, R. J. Schools of Kentucky, II, 488.
Brinsley, J. Consolations for Grammar Schools. I, 311.
Brockett, L. P. Idiots and their Training, I, 593.
Institutions and Instruction for the Blind, IV, 127.
Brooks, Charles. Best Methods of Teaching Morals,
I, 336. Education of Teachers, I, 587.
Brooks, K. Labors of Dr. Wayland, XIII. 771.
Brougham, Lord. Life and Educational Views, VI.
467. Education and the State, XIII, 722. Train-
ing of the Orator, and Value of Eloquence, XVI, 187.
Brown, Thomas. Education defined, XIII, 13.
Brownson, O. A. Education defined, XIII, 12.
Buckham, M. H. English Language in Society and
School, XIV, 343. Plan of Study, XVI, 595.
Buckingham, J. T. Schools as they were, XIII. 129.
Bulkley, J. W. Teachers' Associations, XV, 185.
Burgess, George. Thoughts on Religion and Public
Schools, II, 562.

Burke, Edmund. Education defined, XI, 17.
Burrowes, T. H. Reports on Pennsylvania Schools,
VI. 114, 556. History of Normal Schools in Penn-
sylvania, XVI, 195.

Burton, W. District-school as it was, III, 456. Me-
moir, XVI, 330.

Advice to his Son, IX, 161.
Teachers and their Education,
XII, 453. End of Education, XIII, 15.
Chauveau, P. J. O. Education in Lower Canada,
II. 728.

Cheever, Ezekiel. Memoir and Educational Labors,
XII. 531.

Cheke, Sir John. III. 24.

Chesterfield, Lord. Advice to his Son, XVII.
Choate, Rufus. The Peabody Institute, I, 239.
Christian Brothers, System of. III. 347.

Cicero. Cited, VIII. 13, 14, 43, 79; X, 133, 151,
167, 194-196; XII. 409.

Clajus, and the German Language. XI. 408.
Clark, H. G. On Ventilation, XV. 787.
Clark, T. M. Education for the Times, II, 376.
Claxton, T. First Manufacturer of School Apparatus,
VIII. 253.

Clay, John. Juvenile Criminals, III, 773.
Clerc, Laurent. III. 349.
Clinton, DeWitt. Education of Tenchers, XIII. 341
Cocker, E. Methods of Arithmetic, XVII.
Coggeshall, W. J. Ohio System of Public Schools
VI. 81, 532.

Colburn, Dana P. Memoir and Educational Work
XI. 289.
Colburn, Warren.

Educational Work, II, 194.
Cole, David. On Classical Education, I, 67.
Coleridge, D. St. Marks' Normal College, X, 531.
Coleridge, S. T. The Teacher's Graces, II. 102.
Colet, John.
Educational Views and Influence,

XVI. 657.

Collis, J. D. Endowed Grammar Schools of England,
VIII. 256.
Colman, Henry.

VIII, 555.

Agricultural School at Grignon

Comenius, Amos. Educational Labors, V. 257-298
Orbis Pictus, VI, 585.

Confucius. Cited, VIII, 10, 11; X, 132, 167.

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