6. What chronic effect is often produced on the stomach by the habitual use of alcohol? 7. Name in order all the channels through which the air passes in respiration; in what part of the circuit does it aerate the blood? 8. What is the average amount of air taken in at one inspiration; what changes are observed in the expired air? 9. What is the usual effect on the stomach of the habitual use of alcohol? 10. Name two well-determined effects of alcohol upon the liver. 11. What is meant by the general circulation of the blood? 12. What are the two systems of channels for the circulation of the blood? Describe the structure of each. 13. Starting with the blood in the right auricle, describe its course through the body until it returns to the same receptacle? 14. What are the three agencies instrumental in returning the blood from the different parts of the system to the heart? 15. What are the effects of alcohol on the blood: of tobacco? 16. What are the effects of alcohol on the heart; what is the explanation of the fact that alcohol sometimes increases the rapidity of heart beats? 17. What is the effect of tobacco that produces the disease known as the "tobacco heart?” 18. Describe the structure of the skin; what are the functions of the skin? 19. What is the explanation of the disease "aneurism" when due to alcohol? 20. Under what two heads may we in general class the changes produced by alcohol on the structures of the organs; which of these is due to the stronger beverages? ACADEMIC DUTIES. The academic duties and exercises commence on the 1st of September and continue until the 1st of June. Examinations of the several classes are held in December and June, and at the former such of the new cadets as are found proficient in studies and have been correct in conduct are given the particular standing in their class to which their merits entitle them. After each examination cadets found deficient in conduct or studies are discharged from the Academy, unless the academic board, for special reasons in each case, should otherwise recomiend. Similar examinations are held every January and June during the four years comprising the course of study. Military instruction.-From the termination of the examination in June to the end of August the cadets live in camp, engaged only in military duties and exercises and receiving practical military instruction. Except in extreme cases, cadets are allowed but one leave of absence during the four years' course; as a rule, the leave is granted at the end of the first two years' course of study. PAY OF CADETS. The pay of a cadet is $500 per year and one ration per day, or commutation therefor at 30 cents per day. The total is $609.50, to commence with his admission to the Academy. The actual and necessary traveling expenses of candidates from their homes to the Military Academy are credited to their accounts after their admission as cadets. There is no provision for paying the expenses of candidates who fail to enter, and they must be prepared to defray all their own expenses. No cadet is permitted to receive money, or any other supplies, from his parents, or from any person whomsoever, without the sanction of the Superintendent. A most rigid observance of this regulation is urged upon all parents and guardians, as its violation would make distinctions between cadets which it is the especial desire to avoid; the pay of a cadet is sufficient, with proper economy, for his support. Each cadet must keep himself supplied with the following mentioned articles, viz. : Two pairs of uniform shoes; 6 pairs of uniform white gloves; 2 sets of white belts; *8 white shirts; *4 nightshirts; 12 white linen collars; 12 pairs of white linen cuffs; 8 pairs of socks; *8 pairs of summer drawers; *6 pairs of winter drawers; *12 pocket handkerchiefs; * 12 towels; 2 clothes bags, made of ticking; *1 clothes brush; *1 hairbrush; *1 toothbrush; *1 comb; 1 mattress; 1 pillow; 4 pillow-cases; 8 sheets; 2 blankets and 1 quilted bed cover; 1 chair; 1 tumbler; *1 trunk; 1 account book; 1 wash basin. Candidates are authorized to bring with them the articles marked *. Cadets are required to wear the prescribed uniform. All articles of their uniform are of a designated pattern and are sold to cadets at West Point at regulated prices. DEPOSIT PRIOR TO ADMISSION. Immediately after being admitted to the institution cadets must be provided with an outfit of uniform, the cost of which will be about $100, which sum must be deposited with the treasurer of the Academy before the candidate is admitted. It is best for a candidate to take with him no more money than will defray his traveling expenses, and for the parent or guardian to send to "The Treasurer of the U. S. Military Academy," the required deposit of $100. This amount is sufficient to equip a new cadet with uniform and to supply him with all articles and books. ASSIGNMENT TO CORPS AFTER GRADUATION. The attention of applicants and candidates is called to the following provisions of an act of Congress approved May 17, 1886, to regulate the promotion of graduates of the U. S. Military Academy: "That when any cadet of the United States Military Academy has gone through all its classes and received a regular diploma from the academic staff, he may be promoted and commissioned as a second lieutenant in any arm or corps of the Army in which there may be a vacancy and the duties of which he may have been judged competent to perform; and in case there shall not at the time be a vacancy in such arm or corps he may, at the discretion of the President, be promoted and commissioned in it as an additional second lieutenant, with the usual pay and allowances of a second lieutenant, until a vacancy shall happen.” Course of study and books used at the U. S. Military Academy. [Books marked thus * are for reference.] FIRST YEAR-FOURTH CLASS. Department. Modern languages. Course of study, text-books, and books of reference. Mathematics. C. Smith's Treatise on Algebra; Phillips and Fisher's Elements of Geometry; Ludlow's Drill regula tions, U. S. Army. Use of the sword, etc. Instruction in Fencing with Rapier and Broadsword, and Bayonet Exercise, and SECOND YEAR-THIRD CLASS. Mathematics. Modern languages. Drawing..... Drill regulations, U. S. Army. Practical mil itary engineering. C. Smith's Conic Sections and Solid Geometry: Church's Descriptive Geometry, with Borel's Grammaire Française; Hennequin's Lessons in Idiomatic French; Bocher's Constructive Problems in Plane Geometry; Point Paths; topography and plotting of Practical Instruction in Surveying; *J. B. Johnson's Theory and Practice of Surveying. Course of study and books used at the U. S. Military Academy-Continued. THIRD YEAR-SECOND CLASS. Department. Natural and experimental philoso phy. Chemistry, mineral ogy, and geology. Drawing..... Drill regulations. U. S. Army. Practical military engineering. Military hygiene. Course of study, text-books, and books of reference. Michie's Analytical Mechanics; Michie and Harlow's Practical Astronomy; Young's Tillman's Descriptive General Chemistry (3d edition); Tillman's Elementary Lessons Lectures on Military Hygiene. FOURTH YEAR-FIRST CLASS." Civil and military engineeringand science of war. Law History and historical geography. Practical military engineering. Drill regulations, U. S. Army. Ordnanceand gunnery. Wheeler's Civil Engineering: Fiebeger's Field Fortifications; Fiebeger's Pamphlet Davis's Elements of Law; Davis's International Law (2d edition); Davis's Military Duruy's General History; * Labberton's New Historical Atlas. Demolitions; Practical Instruction in the Construction of all kinds of Military Bruff's Ordnance and Gunnery; Practical Instruction in the Use of Ballistic Instru- REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE ADMISSION OF CANDIDATES INTO THE UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY AS MIDSHIPMEN,@ NOMINATION. I. The students at the Naval Academy shall be styled midshipmen.—(Act approved July 1, 1902.) II. There shall be allowed at said Academy one midshipman for every Member or Delegate of the House of Representatives, one for the District of Columbia, and ten at large. (Rev. Stat., sec. 1513, and act of Congress approved June 17, 1878.) Provided, however, That there shall not be at any time more in said Academy appointed at large than ten.-(Act of Congress approved August 5, 1882.) That until the year nineteen hundred and fourteen, in addition to the naval cadets now authorized by law (the title having been changed by this act to midshipmen), the President shall appoint five midshipmen, and there shall be appointed from the States at large, upon the recommendation of Senators, two midshipmen for each State.-(Act of Congress approved July 1, 1902,) There shall be allowed at the Naval Academy two midshipmen for each Senator, Representative, and Delegate in Congress, two for the District of Columbia, and five each year at large: Provided, That the additional Congressional appointments authorized by this act shall be made at such times as may be determined by the Secretary of the Navy, who shall equitably distribute the increase among the several States, districts, and Territories, so that ultimately, if practicable, each Senator, Representative, and Delegate may recommend for appointment during each Congress one midshipman. Provided further, That members of the Fifty-seventh Congress who will not be members of the Fifty-eighth Congress, and in whose districts or States appointments have not been made or vacancies filled in the Fifty-seventh Congress, may immediately upon the passage of this act make the additional appointments herein provided for.-(Act of March 3, 1903.) That the provisions of this act for the increase of appointments of midshipmen to the Naval Academy shall continue in force until the thirtieth day of June, nineteen hundred and thirteen; and thereafter one midshipman, as now provided by law, shall be appointed for each Senator, Representative, and Delegate in Congress.- (Act of March 3, 1903.) That hereafter there shall be at the Naval Academy one midshipman from Porto Rico, who shall be a native of said island, and whose appointment shall be made by the President on the recommendation of the governor of Porto Rico.-(Act of March 3, 1903.) III. The course of midshipmen is six years,--(Rev. Stat., sec. 1520.) Four years at the Naval Academy, when the district becomes vacant, and two years at sea, at the expiration of which time the midshipman returns to the Academy for final graduation. IV. Appointments to fill all vacancies that may occur during a year in the lower grades of the line of the Navy and of the Marine Corps will be made from the midshipmen, graduates of the year, at the conclusion of their six years' course, in the order of merit as determined by the academic board of the Naval Academy. At least fifteen appointments from such graduates will be made cach year. Surplus graduates who do not receive such appointments will be given a certificate of graduation, an honorable discharge, and one year's sea pay, as provided for midshipmen.—(Act of Congress approved August 5, 1882.) V. The Secretary of the Navy shall as soon as practicable after the fifth day of March in each year notify in writing each Senator, Representative, and Delegate in Congress of any vacancy which may be regarded as existing in the State, district, or Territory which he represents, and the nomination of a candidate to fill such vacancy shall be made upon the recommendation of the Senator, Representative, or Delegate. Such recommendation shall be made by the first day of June of that year, and if not so made the Secretary of the Navy shall fill the vacancy by the appointment of an actual resident of the State, district, or Territory in which the vacancy exists, who shall have been for at least two years immediately preceding his appointment an actual bona fide resident of the State, district, or Territory in which the vacancy exists and shall have the qualifications otherwise prescribed by law: And provided further, That the superintendent of the Naval Academy shall make such rules, to be approved by the Secretary of the Navy, as will effectually prevent the practice of hazing; and any cadet found guilty of participating in or encouraging or countenanc a From Annual Register of the United States Naval Academy for 1902-3, and an act of Congress approved March 3, 1903, making appropriations for the naval service for the year ending June 30, 1904. ing such practice shall be summarily expelled from the Academy, and shall not thereafter be reappointed to the Corps of Cadets or be eligible for appointment as a commissioned officer in the Army or Navy or Marine Corps until two years after the graduation of the class of which he was a member.-(Act of March 3, 1903.) VI. "Candidates allowed for Congressional districts, for Territories, and for the District of Columbia, must be actual residents of the districts or Territories, respectively, from which they are nominated. And all candidates must, at the time of their examination for admission, be between the ages of 16 and 20 years, and physically sound, well formed, and of robust constitution.”—(Rev. Stat., sec. 1517; act March 3, 1993.) VII. After October 1, 1901, all examinations for the admission of candidates are to be held, at various points throughout the United States, under the supervision of the Civil Service Commission, the first examination to be held on the third Tuesday in April, the second examination on August 11 of each year, at such places as may be designated by the Commission. A third examination will be held by the Civil Service Commission at Washington, D. C., on September 15 of each year, for the examination of all candidates who have, for any reason, failed to report for the examinations in April and August. When the 11th of August or the 15th of September falls on Sunday the examinations will be held on the Monday following. Members and Delegates in Congress having the appointment of a midshipman to make are authorized to nominate one principal and five alternates. The alternates are to be numbered from one to five and appointment made in the same order, i. c., if the principal passes, he is to be appointed, but if the principal should fail, and the first alternate qualify, the first alternate is to be appointed. In case the principal and the first alternate should fail, and the second alternate qualify, the second alternato is to be appointed, and so on down the list, in regular numerical order, until the fith alternate is reached and included. The successful candidates will be ordered to report to the Superintendent of the Academy for physical examination. Candidates will be required to enter the Academy immediately after passing the prescribed examination." No leave of absence will be granted to midshipmen of the fourth class. EXAMINATION. VIII. "All candidates for admission into the Academy shall be examined according to such regulations and at such stated times as the Secretary of the Navy may prescribe. Candidates rejected at such examination shall not have the privilege of another examination for admission to the same class unless recommended by the board of examiners."-(Rev. Stat., sec. 1515.) IX. "When any candidate who has been nominated upon the recommendation of a Member or Delegate of the House of Representatives is found, upon examination, to be physically or mentally disqualified for admission, the Member or Delegate shall be notified to recommend another candidate, who shall be examined according to the provisions of the preceding section."-(Rev. Stat., sec. 1516.) X. Candidates will be examined physically at the Naval Academy, by a board composed of three medical officers of the Navy. Any one of the following conditions will be sufficient to cause the rejection of a candidate, viz: Feeble constitution, inherited or acquired; Retarded development; Impaired general health; Decided cachexia, diathesis, or predisposition; Any disease, deformity, or result of injury that would impair efficiency; such as Weak or disordered intellect; Cutaneous or communicable disease; Unnatural curvature of the spine, torticollis, or other deformity; Inefficiency of either of the extremities or large articulations from any cause; Epilepsy or other convulsions within five years; Impaired vision, disease of the organs of vision, imperfect color sense; visual acuteness must be normal in both eyes; Impaired hearing or disease of the ear; Chronic nasal catarrh, ozæna, polypi, or great enlargement of the tonsils; Impediment of speech to such an extent as to impair efficiency in the performance of duty; Disease of heart or lungs or decided indications of liability to cardiac or pulmonary affections; Hernia, complete or incomplete, and undescended testis; |