department and have the farmer for the boss of the chicken man. That was another problem I struck in industry. I said"Well, we are going to run it that way. The farm superintendent is the superintendent of the poultry department." He said it would not work, that he had seen it fail a number of times, and it would not work in his case. After a while I lost the superintendent of the farm, and the superintendent of the poultry department came to me and told me he would like to be superintendent of the farm. I thought that was a good way to teach him something, whether it taught me anything or not, and he was appointed superintendent of the farm, and he got another poultry man and he had not once said anything to me about having the poultry department managed exclusively by the poultry man. That was another problem in industry. The other day he fired the poultry man.

Now, there is some philosophy in that. I presume that we strike the same problems on the farm that we strike in the great industries, but there are men present here who never lived on a farm and do not know anything about it, who will give you advice how to run it. I know there are. No farm was ever run the way you fellows would run it, some of you know something about it and some do not, but all of you have opinions.

So we have the people who are in touch with this great problem, some who see it from the philanthropic side, some who see it from the division of profits side, and some who see it from the sweat side. We have got to learn some method in regard to these organizations of getting all of these people who are interested from different angles to coöperate, and how to have all of them know all the time-some of us know part of the time, and all of us know part of the time, but we do not all know all of the time, and we must learn how to do that.

We are confronted with a condition just now that may help us immensely in coming to some conclusion on this great problem. The day before yesterday (Registration Day) we had a small army in this country confronted with a great war problem, and this morning we have a great potential army, ten millions of untrained, but still there are ten millions of potential soldiers, and back of these ten million soldiers we have ten times ten millions of men and women who are going to stand shoulder to shoulder with the soldiers and support them. (Applause.)

I want, as the toastmaster at the banquet at this fifth annual convention, to propose as the first toast that we drink a toast to Our Potential Army. We will drink it with water, and I hope and pray that we will drink every toast with water until the war closes. (Applause.)

To the Potential Army of the Greatest Republic in the World! (The company then responded by drinking the toast standing.)

There have been a few poems written since the war started. May I read a short one which I think touches upon the philosophy of the times and which I think may touch upon the philosophy of some of the speakers who may follow. The poem is as follows:

THE REVELATION

The same old sprint in the morning, boys, to the same old din and smut;
Chained all day to the same old desk, down in the same old rut;
Posting the same old greasy books, catching the same old train:
Oh, how will I manage to stick it all, if I ever get back again?

We've bidden good-bye to life in a cage, we're finished with pushing a pen;
They're pumping us full of bellicose rage, they're showing us how to be

men.

We're only beginning to find ourselves; we're wonders of brawn and thew; But when we go back to our Cissy jobs, oh, what are we going to do? Four shoulders curved with the counter stoop will be carried erect and square,

And faces white from the office light will be bronzed by the open air; And we'll walk with a stride of a new-born pride, with a new-found joy in our eyes,

Scornful men who have diced with death under the naked skies.

And when we get back to the dreary grind, and the bald-headed boss's call,

Don't you think that the dingy window-blind, and the dingier office wall, Will suddenly melt to a vision of space, of violent, flame-scarred night? Then... oh, the joy of the danger-thrill, and oh, the roar of the fight! Don't you think as we peddle a card of pins the counter will fade away, And again we'll be seeing the sand-bag rims, and the barb-wire's misty grey?

As a flat voice asks for a pound of tea, don't you fancy we'll hear instead The night-wind moan and the soothing drone of the packet that's overhead? Don't you guess that the things we're seeing now will haunt us through all the years;

Heaven and hell rolled into one, glory and blood and tears;

Life's pattern picked with a scarlet thread, where once we wove with a grey

To remind us all how we played our part in the shock of an epic day?

Oh, we're booked for the Great Adventure now, we're pledged to the Real Romance;

We'll find ourselves or we'll lose ourselves somewhere in giddy old France;

We'll know the zest of the fighter's life; the best that we have we'll give; We'll hunger and thirst; we'll die . . . but first-we'll live; by the gods, we'll live!

-We'll breathe free air and we'll bivouac under the starry sky;

We'll march with men and we'll fight with men, and we'll see men laugh and die;

We'll know such joy as we never dreamed; we'll fathom the deeps of pain; But the hardest bit of it all will be-when we come back home again.

For some of us smirk in a chiffon shop, and some of us teach in a school;
Some of us help with the seat of our pants to polish an office stool;
The merits of somebody's soap or jam some of us seek to explain,
But all of us wonder what we'll do when we have to go back again.

By ROBERT W. SERVICE, "Rhymes of a Red Cross Man."

We expected that Governor Whitman would be with us tonight, but his engagements with the State have prevented him. from coming. He has sent the following telegram:

DR. HERBERT J. TILY,

Albany, N. Y., June 4, 1917.

President, National Association Corporation Schools,
Buffalo, N. Y.

Please convey to the convention of The National Association of Corporation Schools my sincere regret at my inability to attend the convention to-morrow, owing to hearings on the thirtyday bills.

I greatly appreciate the importance of education in industry in the present crisis, and I am convinced of the farreaching effect of this convention.

CHARLES S. WHITMAN.

I hardly know how to introduce the first speaker, a man who has been introduced so much he ought to furnish his own introduction. I believe he does. There are only a few things I can say about him that you do not know. One is he has suggested my saying this-that he has a dress suit in his room in the hotel, and if any of you gentlemen do not believe it, he will prove it to you by producing the suit. He wanted me to say that because, as I understand it, this convention represents enough capital to underwrite the Liberty Loan twice over, and while he is a representative of democracy, he probably thought he would make a hit on that to-night. He wants the capital represented to know that certain gentlemen at this table are not the only ones

who have dress suits, and although he has already referred to us in conversation as wax works, he does not really mean it.

We are greatly honored and pleased to have Mr. Lewis with us to-night. He comes from a town up the lake here, Detroit, a place where they make some automobiles. There is one thing I never could understand about Mr. Lewis, and that was when he had a yacht down in the Jamestown yard, how he ever came to go back to Detroit, and may be he will tell us. I have great pleasure in presenting Mr. E. St. Elmo Lewis, of Detroit. (Applause.)

ADDRESS OF MR. E. ST. ELMO LEWIS

MR. LEWIS: Mr. Toastmaster, Ladies and Gentlemen: The last time I had the pleasure of speaking to a convention of this Corporation Schools was in the city of Philadelphia, and I did not know at that time I should have the pleasure of again talking to the Association-always so friendly to my messages-for three years. I shall take this occasion and opportunity to talk in a very serious vein on what to me is a big and serious subject, even when the occasion invites to a lighter treatment. I do so, my friends, because the times through which we now are passing are such as to make us feel and think more serious thoughts without impatience. The minds of all the nations are called upon to help solve the new problems that confront the world, and if we are to draw any candid and definite lessons from this war it will be first that all our people, all our resources, physical, mental, spiritual, must be coöperatively engaged in that war.

I am going to talk to you to-night on the subject of "The Next Step," and what the subject means I trust will appear in due course.

I was much interested in what the Toastmaster had to say in respect to knowing, and if I had planned that he should say that he could not have done better in furnishing me with a text for what I have to say. I feel that many of us in our work, as teachers, are much in the same condition in which Carlyle found himself on one memorable occasion when he was asked by a young man if he could explain something. He said "Certainly I can explain it, but I cannot furnish the brains necessary to understand the explanation." So that in knowing there are always

two things that are required the ability to explain and the ability to comprehend. There are always two knowings required, else knowledge gains no practical end-that is knowing how or what, and on the part of the hearer, knowing what has been said. I fear we sometimes, even in practical affairs, forget to see if our hearer knows.

We find in the development of industry and the development of all human institutions that they go through three stages of development-the physical, the mental and the serviceable.

The last is the ethical stage.

Goliath of the Philistines represented the physical, David represented the intellectual, and you know what David did to Goliath.

You see in many of the nations of the world the same qualities, nations great in numbers, overcome by relatively small nations in numbers, but these smaller nations being greater in the intelligent application of strength. Take Russia and Japan for instance. The Rome legion and the Gauls.

Now has come the service ideal. The war is a war of ideals. The nations that have been the most honest have been the nations that have been commercially successful. You will find that the nations that have had the longest experience in commerce are those most to be trusted in commercial relationship. Look at China, England, France, and then we come to Germany-you know what happened to Germany. "Made in Germany" used to be the sign of clever and tricky inferiority. She learned better. Japan is but passing out of the caveat emptor stage to-day.

These nations had to learn-they had to know by experience. Recently I noticed in the Bulletin of this Association a statement, quoting from "Engineering," an English publication, about England's muddling in this war. The editor of that publication says "Much delay, it must be admitted, has been due to a want of technical knowledge and breadth of outlook in engineers and their staffs. But what is coming in Great Britain due to this war? I want to suggest these things to you because this National Association of Corporation Schools has in its membership the men who are peculiarly charged with the proposition of making industry more efficient in its knowing, thinking, doing.

I recently asked Mr. Herbert N. Casson, who has been living in London since 1913, what England had done to meet the war