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Nicholson, Robert, Walthamstow, Essex, Builder. July 5 at 2 at offices of Blachford and Co, College Hill, London

Overend, William, Bootle, Undertaker. June 29 at 2 at office of Forshaw and Hawkins, Harrington st, Liverpool

Packwood, Walter Thomas, Stourbridge, Upholsterer. June 28 at 12.15 at office of Wall' High st, Stourbridge

Palmer, Alfred, Norwich, Licensed Victualler. June 27 at 12 at office of Kent, St Andrew's Hall Plain, Norwich

Park, Owen, and Walter Thomas Park, Brighton, Drapers. July 1 at 12 at 12, Serjeant's inn, Fleet st. Nyo

Within

Passenger, Henry Joseph, Lime st. July 4 at 3 at office of Chandler, Bishopsgate st Pellatt, Francis John, Caledonian rd, Corn Merchant. June 26 at 3 at office of Duncan and Co, Bloomsbury sq

Truro

Pellew, William George, Truro, Saddler. June 29 at 12 at office of Cock, Pydar st, Pepper, Edwin Henry, Kingsmouth, Kent, Miller. July 4 at 2 at office of Hallett and Co, Bank st, Ashford

Pettit, Stephen, Windsor, Clothier. July 5 at 3.30 at office of Rumney, Walbrook
Plaister, Offspring Thomas, Oxford, Cabinet Maker. July 3 at 3 at office of Mallam,
High st, Oxford

Provis, Charles, and James Holloway, Lyneham, Wilts, Pig Dealers. June 28 at 12 at
Gt Western Hotel, Wellington st, New Swindon. Bakewell, Chippenham
Raby, William, Downham ter, Wood Green, Builder. June 30 at 3 at Guildhall Tavern,
Gresham st. Holmes, King st, Cheapside

Rishforth, John, Kellington, York, Farmer. June 28 at 3.30 at Elephant Hotel, Pontefract. Clark, Snaith

Rogers, James, Sun st, Finsbury, Boot Manufacturer. June 29 at 3 at office of Hilbery,
Billiter st

Rounsefell, John, East India avenue, Ship Owner. July 6 at 2 at office of Leslie and
Co, Coleman st. Ingledew and Ince, St Benet chmbrs, Fenchurch st
Rudkin, Walter, Wetherby ter, Earl's Court rd, China Dealer. July 4 at 4 at office of
Indermaur and Clark, Devonshire ter, High st, Marylebone

Russell, John, Brackenbury rd, Hammersmith, Carpenter. June 23 at 4 at 262, High
Holborn. Staniland, King st, Cheapside

Rutherford, John, Handsworth, Stafford, Insurance Agent.
Johnson and Co, Waterloo rd, Birmingham
Sahab, Mordecai, Gt Prescot st, Goodman's fields, Merchant.
Archer, Gt Prescot st

June 30 at 12 at office of

June 26 at 11 at office of Sebright, Arthur Edward Saunders, Air st, Piccadilly, in no trade. July 12 at 3 at 83, Gresham st. Kaye and Co, King st, Cheapside Sawyer, Charles, Parson Drove, Cambridge, Farmer. June 29 at 11 at office of Welchman and Carrick, Crescent, Wisbech

Senior, William, Dewsbury, Woollen Manufacturer. June 30 at 3 at office of Chadwick, Church st, Dewsbury

Sieley, Rebecca, Wroxham, General Shop Keeper. June 27 at 11 at office of Kent, St Andrew's Hall Plain, Norwich

Skinner, Christopher, Ayleston pk, Leicester, Boot Manufacturer. June 26 at 3 at office of Burgess and Williams, Berridge st, Leicester

Smith, George, Keighley, Architect. June 30 at 2 at office of Wright and Waterworth, Devonshire bldgs, Keighley

Stephens, Thomas Stigings, and Henry Levy Billings, Manor pk rd, Finchley, Builders. June 27 at 11 at Masons' Hall Tavein, Masons' avenue, Basinghall st, Miller and Co, Chancery lane

Stocks, Henry Noah, Almondbury, York, Brewer. June 29 at 3 at office of Ainley, New st, Huddersfield

Tandy, Edward, Wolverhampton, Labourer. July 3 at 11 at office of Landman, Bilston st, Wolverhampton

Teece, Thomas, Liverpool, Butcher. June 30 at 12 at office of Carruthers, Lord st, Liverpool

Temple, Thomas, and George Ormiston, Scarborough, Builders. June 24 at 12 at office of Watts and Kitching, Queen st, Scarborough

Thomas, Erastus, Ferndale, Glamorgan, Grocer. June 29 at 11.30 at office of Morgan, Mill st, Pontypridd

Turtell, James, Cheney, Wilts, Beerhouse Keeper. July 3 at 11 at office of Boodle, Albion bidgs, New Swindon

Tyler, Louisa, and Spencer William Thomas Tyler, Garrick st, Covent gdn, Carpet Manufacturers. July 3 at 11 at office of Roberts, Coleman st

Umfreville, Edwin, Roseneath, Gunnersbury, Jeweller. July 5 at 2 at Grand Hotel, Colmore row, Birmingham. Iliffe and Co, Bedford row

Vacani, Andrew, High Holborn, Dealer in Furniture. July 3 at 2 at Inns of Court Hotel, Holborn. Furber, Gray's inn sq

Walter, Alfred, Gosport, Hants, Baker. June 29 at 11 at offices of Blake and Reed, Union st, Portsea

Ward, Henry, Oxford, Butcher. July 7 at 11 at offices of Berridge, Church st, St Ebbe, Oxford

Warth, Thomas Gothard, Wainfleet, Lincoln, Miller. June 27 at 3 at the Red Lion
Hotel, Boston. Snaith, Boston

Waters, Benjamin, Eastbourne, Sussex, out of business.
Hotel, South st, Eastbourne

June 28 at 3 at the New Inn

Wheeler, Joseph, Shrivenham, Berks, Beerhouse Keeper. Boodle, Albion bldgs, New Swindon

June 26 at 11 at offices of June 23 at 3 at offices of

Wood, Nathaniel, Burton-on-Trent, Stafford, Beer Retailer.
Bright, High st, Burton-on-Trent
Woodbridge, William Henry, St Thomas the Apostle, Devon, Miller. June 28 lat 2 at
the New London Hotel, Exeter. Hirtzel, Exeter

Woodfall, George, Conduit st, Regent st, Tailor. June 30 at 2 at offices of Buchanan and Rogers, Basinghall st

Wynne, Harriett, Yeovil, Somerset, Grocer. June 29 at 11 at offices of Bollen, South st, Yeovil

Young, John Griffith, Darlington, Durham, Solicitor. June 29 at 12 at the County Hotel, Durham. Hutchinson and Lucas, Darlington

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Benson, William, and Uriel Bailey, Longton, Stafford, Earthenware Manufacturers.
July 3 at 11 at Copeland Arms Hotel, Stoke upon Trent. Salt and Alcock, Tunstall,
Stafford
Berrington, Robert, Burslem, Auctioneer. June 29 at 11 at office of Alcock, Newcastle
st, Burslem

Bilham, Harry Robinson, Leicester, Boot Manufacturer. July 4 at 3 at office of Fowler and Co, Grey friar chmbrs, Leicester

Bloch, Charles (and not Block, as erroneously prirted in Gazette of 13th inst), Bethnal gn rd, Boot and Shoe Maker. July 1 at 10 at offices of Cotton, 62, St Marlins le Grand

Boyd, Harry, Spennymoor, Innkeeper. July 10 at 11 at office of Stillman, North Bondgate, Bishop Auckland

Brousdon, Edward, Balham, Surrey, Ironmonger. June 30 at 2 at offices of Robinson, Philpot lane

Brown, Edward, Elm park garden mews, Fulham road, Coachman. July 6 at 3 at offices of Hatton and Westcott, Strand

Brown, William, Firthville, Lincoln, Farmer. Main ridge, Boston

June 29 at 11 at offices of Rice and Co,

Bullin, Walter, Congleton, Chester, Horse Dealer. July 5 at 11 at Park st, Congleton.
Cooper, Congleton
Burridge, Goorge, Talbot et, Gracechurch st, Ironmonger. July 6 at 2.30 at offices of
Harper and Battcock, Rook lane

Butt, George Robert, Rotherhithe, Surrey, Manufacturing Chemist. July 6 at 3 at
Anderton's Hotel, Fleet st. Tinson, New ct, Lincoln's inn

Cheney, John, Newcastle-under-Lyne, Stafford, Plumber. July 7 at 11 at offices of Griffith, Iron Market, Newcastle-under-Lyme

Collyer, John Ridgway, Great Horwood, Buckingham, Farmer. July 1 at 12 at the Bell
Hotel, Winslow. Whitehorn, Banbury

Cooper, Elizabeth, Wrexham, Denbigh, Hotel Keeper. July 1 at 12 at offices of Hughes,
Regent st, Wrexham
Coppen, Frederick, Essex pl, Hackney rd, Ironmonger. June 29 at 3 at offices of Fawcett,
King st, Cheapside

Davies, William, and Moses Edwards, Ruabon, Denbigh, Drapers. July 3 at 11 at the
Queen's Hotel, Chester. Richards, Llangollen

Earle, William Jacob, Strood, Grocer. July 4 at 3 at office of Bassett, Eastgate,
Rochester
Edwards, George, Belton, Suffolk, Farmer. July 4 at 11 at Royal Hotel, Norwich.
Fowell, Garboldisham

Fletcher, James, Sible Hedingham, Essex, Gardener. June 28 at 2 at White Hart Inn.
Mumford, Sudbury

Foxwell, Thomas, Bristol, Licensed Victualler. June 30 at 2 at office of Sibley and Dickinson, Exchange West, Bristol

Fusedale, Knott, Portobello rd, Notting hill, Cheesemonger. July 5 at 11 at office of Green, Verulam bldgs, Grays' inn

Gwatkin, Jane Wardle, Newport, Monmouth, Smith. June 30 at 2 at office of Tribe and Co, High st, Newport. Gustard and Donellin

Haider, Charles Frank, Hatton gdn, Diamond Merchant. July 6 at 1 at office of Rosenthall, Holborn Viaduct Harrison, Edward, Bristol, Dealer in Pianofortes. June 30 at 2 at Westminster Palace Hotel, Westminster. Benson and Carpenter Heaps, John, Keighley York, Washing and Wringing Machine Maker. July 3 at 2 at office of Robinson and Robinson, Keighley Heaps, Robert, Keighley, York, Washing and Wringing Machine Maker. July 3 at 2.30 at cffice of Robinson and Robinson, Keighley Hill, William, North Dalton, York, Farmer. July 3 at 10 at office of Jennings & Co, Great Driffield

Holding, John, Eastfield rd, Hornsey, Builder. June 28 at 2 at 38, Southampton bldgs, Chancery lane,

Norris

Hore, Samuel, Bath, Agricultural Engineer. June 30 at 12 at office of Wilton, Westgate, Bath

Hoyle, John, Leeds, Plumber. June 30 at 3 at office of Wells, Cookridge st, Leeds Hulse, Henry Walter, Sparkbrook, Birmingham, out of business. July 3 at 11 at office of Peet, Newhall st, Birmingham

Ingham, George, Bradford, Grocer. July 5 at 11 at office of Whitley and Whitley, New st, Huddersfield

Jackson, George, Birmingham, Electro Plate Manufacturer. June 28 at 10.15 at office of East, Temple row, Birmingham

Jeavons, Thomas, Bilston, Stafford, Grocer. July 3 at 3 at office of Jaques, Temple row, Birmingham

Jenkins, James, Cardiff, Ironmonger. June 30 at 11 at office of Cousins, St Mary st, Cardiff

Jones, William Henry, Bilston, Stafford, Commission Agent. July 4 at 11 at offices of
Stratton, Queen st, Wolverhampton

Kenyon, John, Dutton, Lancaster, Labourer. July 4 at 10.30 at Eastham, Church st,
Clitheroe
Kershaw, John, Sheffield, Joiner. July 4 at 3 at office of Taylor, Norfolk row, Shef-
field

Lacey, Gaius, Monks Risborough, Innkeeper. July 4 at 11 at office of James and Horwood, Temple sq, Aylesbury

Leedham, John, Wimbourne, nr Wolverhampton, Beerhouse Keeper. June 30 at 11.30 at office of Sheldon, High st, Wednesbury

Lewis, David, Vaynor, Brecon, Licensed Victualler. July 3 at 12 at office of Vaughan, High st, Merthyr Tydfil

Llewellyn, Philip, Ystradyfodwg, Glamorgan, Collier. June 30 at 10 at 61, St Mary st, Cardiff. Williams, Pontypridd

Lloyd, Frederick Freeman, Haverfordwest, General Merchant. June 29 at 11 at offices of Jones, Victoria pl, Haverfordwest

Lycett, Alfred, and Frederick Lycett, Sutton, Bakers. June 28 at 2 at Green Dragon, Croydon. Chappell and Gibbons, Lincoln's inn fields

Mark, William Bell, Brampton, Cumberland, Butcher. June 30 at 2 at office of Carrick and Co, Brampton

Marshall, Charles Brownlow, Tamworth, Colliery Proprietor. July 4 at 3.30 at office of Tyndall and Co, Colmore row, Birmingham

Marshall, Ebenezer, Sandy, Bedford, Farmer. July 13 at 1 at Masons' Hall Tavern, Masons' avenue, Basinghall st. Buchanan and Rogers

Matthews, Williams, Towcester, Blacksmith. July 6 at 3 at office of Sheppard, Tow

cester

Mattison, Edward Leonard, Oldham, Coal Merchant. July 3 at 3 at office of Watson, Church lane, Oldham

Mellor, Arthur Jonah, Ashton under Lyne, Lancaster, Tailor. July 5 at 3 at office of Bromley, Old st, Ashton under Lyne

Meredith, Charles Brederick, Boston, Grocer. June 30 at 12 at Peacock and Royal Hotel, Boston, Wise, Boston

Mills, William, Ipswich, Suffolk, Baker. July 1 at 11 at office of Gooding, Tower st, Ipswich

Mitchell, John, Bochester row, Westminster, Provision Merchant. June 27 at 3 at 203, Gt Portland st. Nicoll

Morley, William Hudson, Butterwick, Lincoln, Groundkeeper. July 4 at 2 at Bell Inn, Burgh le Marsh. Rice and Co, Boston

Morris, Thomas, Kentish Town rd, Grocer. June 30 at 3 at office of Cridge and Bell, Bishopsgate st, Within

Morris, Thomas, Kentish Town rd, Grocer. June 30 at Devorshire House Hotel, Bishopsgate Without, in lieu of the place originally named

Norman, Francis Henry, Britonferry, Glamorgan, Tailor. June 29 at 11 at office of Davies, Alma pl, Neath

Palmer, Robert Anthony, Bristol, Glue Manufacturer. July 3 at 2 at office of Sinott and Spofforth, Broad st, Bristol

Parris, Frederic, Croydon, Surrey, Hatter. June 28 at 11 at Green Dragon Hotel, High st, Croydon. Dennis, Croydon

Parry, Owen, Carnarvon, Draper. July 3 at 3 at Queen's Hotel, Manchester. Allanson, Carnarvon

Payne, Mark, and Charles Cotton, jun, Woolston Southampton, Builders. June 30 at 3 at office of Pearce, High st, Southampton

Paynter, George Edward, Liverpool, Solicitor. July 10 at 3 at office of Jackson, Dale st, Liverpool. Carruthers, Liverpool

Pearce, James, Sherborne, Dorset, Painter, June 29 at 4 at office of Davies, Newland, Sherborne

Phillips, David, and Grace Jones, Aberdare, Grocers. July 3 at 12 at office of Beddoc,
Canon st, Aberdare

Porter, William, Lowestoft, Suffolk, Fish Merchant. July 6 at 2.30 at office of Clowes,
Royal Thoroughfare, Lowestoft. Clowes, Great Yarmouth
Ratcliff, Robert, Canterbury, Plumber. July 12 at 12 at office of Mercer, Watling st,
Canterbury

Rees, Harry John, Merthyr Tydfil. Glamorgan, Licensed Victualler. July 3 at 1 at office of Simons and Plews, Church st, Merthyr Tydfil

Rees, Joseph, Bettws, Carmarthen, Builder. July 6 at 1 at Mackworth Hotel, Swansea. Bishop and Childs, Llandilo

Richards, William, Corinne rd, Junction rd, Upper Holloway, Builder. July 6 at 3 at office of Newmans and Co, Clement's inn

Richardson, Henry, Brighton, Sussex, Butcher. July 11 at 3 at North st, Brighton. Goodman

Riley, Thomas, Lowick, Ulverston, Lancaster, Farmer. July 4 at 10 at Shaw's Hotel, Broughton in Furness. Dickinson. Broughton in Furness

Robotham, Edward, Birmingham, Wine, Spirit, and Cigar Merchant. July 3 at 3 at the Grand Hotel, Colmore row. Parr and Hayes, Birmingham

Sanderson, Andrew, Clifton rd, Maida Vale, Paddington, Grocer. July 1 at 11 at offices of Godfrey, Chancery lane

Sharpe, Hugh, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Stafford, Greengrocer.

of Griffith, Lad lane, Newcastle-under-Lyme

June 30 at 11 at offices

Shaw, Benjamin, Bradford, York, Tobacco Pipe Maker. July 1 at 11 at offices of Cottam, Market st, Bradford

Short, William Willias, Stockbridge, Southampton, Wheelwright. June 29 at 3 at offices of Bell and Taylor, Portland st, Southampton

Simpson, Hamlet, Tunstall, Stafford, Hairdresser. July 3 at 3 at offices of Llewellyn and Ackrill, Piccadilly, Tunstal

Simpson, Joseph, Kippax, York, Grocer. July 4 at 2.30 at Commercial Hotel, Albion st, Leeds. Phillips, Castleford

Smith, John Thomas, Smith st, Mile End, Licensed Victualler.

of Sydney, Leadenhall st

June 30 at 1 at offices

Stacy, Thomas, Sloane st, Sloane sq, Artist. June 28 at 12 at offices of Sampson, Mary. lebone road

Stanford, John William, Turner's rd, Burdett rd, Mile End, Corn Dealer. July 3 at 2 at offices of King, North bldgs, Finsbury Circus

Thomas Charles, Neeld terrace, Harrow rd, Boot and Shoe Dealer. July 5 at 2 at offices of Baron, Mitre ct, Temple

Thomas John, Ross, Hereford, Tallow Chandler. July 4 at 12 at offices of Innell, High st, Ross. Williams, Ross

Vaughan, Simon, John Starr de Wolf, and Le Baron Vaughan, Liverpool, Shipowners. July 25 at 3 at the Law Association Rooms, Cook st, Liverpool. Bright and Warr, Liverpool

Walton, John, Jewin st, General Warehouseman. July 3 at 3 at 571, Colman st. Kisby, Cheapside

Waters, Julia Rachel, Bristol, Lodging-house Keeper. and Spofforth, Broad st, Bristol

July 3 at 12 at offices of Sinnott

Weatherill, Robert James, South Shields, Grocer. July 4 at 11 at offices of Blair, East King st, South Shields

Wilkinson, Thomas, Norton-in-the-Moors, Coal and Ironstone Master. July 5 at 3 at the Queen's Hotel, Hanley. Knight, Newcastle

Williams, Henry Thomas, Maze rd, Bermondsey, Builder. July 5 at 8 at offices of Andrew and Mason, Ironmonger lane. Devonshire, Frederick place, Old Jewry Williams, John, Birmingham, Chemist. June 29 at 3 at offices of East, Temple st, Birmingham

June 30 at 3 at offices of Matthews and

Wilson, George, Birmingham, Brassfounder.
Smith, Waterloo st, Birmingham
Woodbridge, Thomas Crabb, Exeter, Miller. June 30 at 11 at office of Hirtzel, Bedford
circus, Exeter

Wooddisse, Joseph, Hednesford, Stafford, Draper. July 6 at 1 at office of Twynam,
Crabbery st, Stafford

Wright, John Bartlam, Hanley, Butcher. July 1 at 11 at 32, Cheapside, Hanley.
Challinors, Hanley
Wycherley, Henry, and John Wycherley, Cheltenham, Carriage Builders. July 5 at 11
at Star Hotel, Regent st, Cheltenham. Clark, Cheltenham

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The Publisher requests that early application should be made by persons desirous of obtaining back numbers of the SOLICITORS' JOURNAL, as only à small

Willows, Thomas, Ecclesfield, York, Builder. July 1 at 12 at offices of Bell, Figtree number of copies remain on hand.

lane, Sheffield

SCHWEITZER'S COCOATINA,

Arti-Dyspeptic Cocoa or Chocolate Powder. Guaranteed Pure Soluble Cocoa of the Finest Quality, with the excess of fat extracted.

The Faculty pronounce it "the most nutritious, perfectly digestible beverage for Breakfast, Luncheon, or Supper, and invaluable for Invalids and Children."

Highly commended by the entire Medical Press. Being without sugar, spice, or other admixture, it suits all palates, keeps better in all climates, and is four times the strength of cocoas THICKENED yet WEAKENED With starch, &c., and IN REALITY CHEAPER than such Mixtures. Made instantaneously with boiling water, a teaspoonful to a Breakfast Cup, costing less than a halfpenny. COCOATINA A LA VANILLE is the most delicate, digestible, cheapest Manilla Chocolate, and may be taken when richer chocolate is prohibited.

In tin packets at 1s. 6d., 3s., 5s. 6d., &c., by Chemists and Grocers.

Charities on Special Terms by the Sole Proprietors, H. SCHWEITZER & CO 10, Adam-street, London, W.C.

ESTABLISHED 1825.

HEWETSON, THEXTON, & PEART,

MANUFACTURERS AND HOUSE FURNISHERS,

200, 203, and 204, TOTTENHAM COURT ROAD, W. Estimates and Designs submitted free for entirely Furnishing Residences, Chambers, Offices, &c. -PAINTING, DECORATING, & HOUSE REPAIRS.

Carved Oak Furniture, Reproductions from Ancient Designs, &c. Bedroom Furniture, including Bedstead and Bedding, from £7 108. per set.

THIRTY LARGE SHOW ROOMS.

HEWETSON, THEXTON, & PEART,

200, 203, and 204, Tottenham Court-road, London, W. N.B.-Household Furniture Warehoused or Removed on reasonable terms.

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DIRECTORS.

CHAIRMAN-AUGUSTUS PREVOST, Esq.
DEPUTY-CHAIRMAN-JOHN G. TALBOT, Esq., M.P.
Henry Hulse Berens, Esq. Frederick H. Janson, Esq.
Henry Bonham-Carter, Esq.
Charles Wm. Curtis, Esq.
Charles F. Devas, Esq.
Sir Walter R. Farquhar, Bart.
Alban G. H. Gibbs, Esq.
James Goodson, Esq.
Thomson Hankey, Esq.
Richard M. Harvey, Esq.

Beaumont W. Lubbock, Esq.
Rt. Hon. G. J. Shaw-Lefevre,
M.P.

Rt. Hon. J. G. Hubbard,M.P.

John B. Martin, Esq.

8. Hope Morley, Esq.
Henry John Norman, Esq.
David Powell, Esq.
Henry Vigne, Esq.

MANAGER OF FIRE DEPARTMENT-F. J. Marsden.
ACTUARY AND SECRETARY-T. C. G. Browne.

Share Capital at present paid up and invested... £1,000,000
Total Funds, upwards of
Total Annual Income over...

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£2,941,000 £517,000

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LIFE OFFICE.

FOUNDED 1806.

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1880. £18,845 279,852 2,124,711 CHARLES STEVENS, Secretary.

AW UNION FIRE and LIFE INSU

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To Her Majesty, the Lord Chancellor, the Whole of the Judicial Bench, Corporation of London, &c. SOLICITORS' AND REGISTRARS' GOWNS. BARRISTERS' AND QUEEN'S COUNSEL'S DITTO, CORPORATION ROBES, UNIVERSITY & CLERGY GOWNS. ESTABLISHED 1689.

94, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON.

HAMPTON & SONS make NO CHARGE

for inserting particulars in their FREE MONTHLY REGISTER of ESTATES, TOWN and COUNTRY HOUSES, Furnished or Unfurnished, or for Sale, to be had GRATIS at their Offices, or post-free for two stamps. Published on the 1st of the month, and particulars for insertion should be sent not later than five days previous to end of preceding month.

Valuations for Probate and Transfer. Surveys.
Estate and Auction Offices, 8, Pall Mall East, S.W.

HURGOOD & CO., Estate and Land

chambers, 27, Chancery-lane, W.C., hold PERIODICAL SALES of Property, at the MART, the Second Tuesday in each month. Railway, School Board, Corporation, Board of Works, and other Compensations conducted. Valuations for Probate, Mortgages, &e. Estates managed. A scale of charges upon application.

LARANCE COMPANY. Chief Office-120, Chancery. MESSRS.

lane, London, W.C.

The Funds in hand and Capital subscribed amount to upwards of £1,600,000 sterling.

Chairman-JAMES CUDDON, Esq., Barrister-at-Law, Goldsmith-building, Temple. Deputy Chairman-C. PEMBERTON, Esq. (Lee & Pembertons), Solicitor, 44, Lincoln's-inn-fields. Every description of Fire and Life Insurance business transacted.

Whole World and Unconditional Life Policies granted at a slightly increased rate of Premium.

Policies of Insurance granted against the contingency of Issue at moderate rates of Premium.

Advances made on Mortgage of Life Interest and Reversions, whether absolute or contingent. Prospectus, Copics of the Accounts as deposited with the Board of Trade, and every information sent on appli. cation to

FRANK MCGEDY, Actuary and Secretary.

DEBENHAM, TEWSON,

FARMER, & BRIDGEWATER'S LIST of ESTATES and HOUSES to be SOLD or LET, including Landed Estates, Town and Country Residences, Hunting and Shooting Quarters, Farms, Ground Rents, Rent Charges, House Property and Investments generally, is published on the first day of each month, and may be obtained, free of charge, at their offices, 80, Cheapside, E.C., or will be sent by post in return for two stamps.Particulars for insertion should be received not later than four days previous to the end of the preceding month.

HURCH PREFERMENT WANTED.— private treaty, of advowsons, presentations, &c., in favour of well-recommended clergymen, should refer to the PRIVATE PATRONS' GAZETTE, edited by Mr. W. EMERY STARK, Associate Institute of Actuaries, F.R.G.S., &c. Post-free for six stamps.- Address, Messrs W. EMERY STARK & Co., 23, Bedford-street, Strand.

CURRENT TOPICS.

LONDON, JULY 1, 1882.

IT IS UNDERSTOOD that as soon as Mr. Justice NORTH goes on circuit Mr. Justice FIELD will commence to sit at Lincoln's-inn in his place, and will continue the hearing of Mr. Justice KAY's cases until the Long Vacation.

WE UNDERSTAND it is proposed, during the absence of Mr. Justice FRY on circuit, to transfer the whole of his business to Mr. Justice KAY, who will then represent both Mr. Justice FRY and Vice-Chancellor HALL in court and at chambers. We may, perhaps, point out that unless the chamber work is to fall into arrear, it will be necessary for Mr. Justice KAY to sit in chambers on six days in the week. This, in addition to court work, would seem to be too heavy a strain for the most energetic judge.

THE ORDER which we recently printed, transferring all causes and matters then before Vice-Chancellor HALL to Mr. Justice KAY, contains no provision for interlocutory matters relating to any actions which might, after the date of that order, be assigned to Vice-Chancellor HALL. On Monday last Mr. Justice KAY, in answer to an application on the subject of such matters, stated that he believed that under section 12 of the Judicature Act, 1881, which gives power to one judge to act for another in case of sickness or urgent necessity, he had jurisdiction to act for Vice-Chancellor HALL in all such matters, and that he should be prepared so to act when called upon. On Wednesday last Mr. On Wednesday last Mr. Justice KAY announced that he had consulted the Lord Chancellor on the point, and that his lordship concurred in the view he had expressed as to his jurisdiction under the section referred to.

AN ORDER OF COURT only just issued, though dated the 10th of May last, which we print in another column, should receive attention from practitioners who have charge of actions in which securities are in court which may, by reason of "resolutions of companies or undertakings under powers in Acts of Parliament in that behalf, or by effluxion of time or otherwise," become "converted into other securities "-i.e., exchanged for other securities having the same value but a different designation; as, for instance, solidated stock. The object is the same as that of the order which was made when the old East India stock was converted. It is intended to save the delay and expense which would be caused to suitors in obtaining from the court an order in each action for the purpose of placing the substituted securities to the same account as the old securities were previously credited to in the Chancery Paymaster's books. The order now made enables the Chancery Paymaster to write off the securities so converted, and to place the substituted securities to the same credit. Directions in any existing order which apply to the old securities are, as far as practicable, to be given effect to as if they applied to the substituted securities. The last clause of this new order deserves consideration. It provides that when any allotment letters, scrip, allotments, or other securities are allotted in respect of any stock in court, the Chancery-Paymaster is to sell these allotment letters, &c., and place the amount to the same credit as the stock in respect of which the allotment is made. There is an exception from this order as to sale in case any orders are brought into the Chancery Pay Office "previously to the delivery of such allotment letters, &c." Those who have convertible stock in court must therefore be on the watch lest their

when several classes of shares or stocks are converted into con

right to take up further stock which may be allotted to them should be lost by reason of a sale of their allotment letters before they have time to obtain an order for leave to take up the allotment. It will be observed that in case of such allotment-letters being brought into the market in large quantities, as may well happen under the recent order, the price might be depreciated to such an extent as to entail a serious loss.

THE THREATENED ACTION of the Brighton Town Council against the Lancet for libel in respect of a denunciation of the alleged unhealthy drainage of the town raises some very curious considerations. No doubt a corporation may sue for libel (Metropolitan Omnibus Saloon Company v. Hawkins, 4 H. & N. 87), and an action for libel lies in respect of statements disparaging the quality of the plaintiff's goods (Western Counties Manure Company v. Lawes Chemical Manure Company, L. R. 9 Ex. 218), or calculated to injure the plaintiff in the way of his trade (Thorley's Cattle Food Company v. Massam, L. R. 14 Ch. D. 763); but there is, so far as we know, no precedent for an action by a town council for a libel on a town, although it is not difficult to imagine cases where very active inhabitants of rival towns might do such damage by untrue statements, not being fair comments on matters of public interest, that an action for libel would be the proper remedy. But assuming that an action lies, the two very serious questions arise whether the corporate funds may be expended upon the proceedings, and whether the damages recovered, if any, properly go to the borough fund, or may be distributed amongst the individuals who have suffered by the libel. The 92nd section of the Municipal Corporations Act, 1835, permits, or rather directs, a surplus borough fund to be applied "under the direction of the council for the public benefit of the inhabitants and improvement of the borough." Even the large interpretation of these words by JESSEL, M.R., in Attorney-General v. Mayor, &c., of Brecon, L. R. 10 Ch. D. 204), would hardly include an action for libel. But Leeman's Act (35 & 36 Vict. c. 91) authorizes the application of the borough fund or rate to the prosecution of "any interests of the inhabitants" of the borough; and it may perhaps be legal proceedings necessary for the promotion or protection of the fairly contended that these words are wide enough to include the case of an action for libel having the effect of depreciating the rateable value of property within the borough. We believe, however, that in the Brighton case a guarantee fund is being raised by subscription. Upon the second question we have far less doubt. borough has a locus standi to sue for a libel of such a kind at the public expense, any damages must go to the borough fund, and could not be distributed amongst individuals proving special damage, who, however, might have a separate cause of action on

their own behalf.

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THE LORD CHANCELLOR'S Bill to amend the Supreme Court of Judicature Acts, which was introduced in the House of Lords this week, is now in print. It provides, by clause 2, that, "Upon the request of the Lord Chancellor, any person who has held the office of Lord Chancellor of Great Britain, or of a judge of one of her Majesty's superior courts of England within the meaning of the 25th section of the Appellate Jurisdiction Act, 1876, may, if he shall consent so to do, attend the sittings of her Majesty's Court of Appeal, and shall, during such attendance, have all the jurisdiction and powers of a judge of the said Court of Appeal, but he shall not otherwise be deemed to be a judge of the said court. Any such person, if a peer or privy councillor, shall, during such attendance, rank among the judges of the said Court of Appeal (subject to the official precedence of the Lord Chancellor, the Lord Chief Justice of England, and the Master of the Rolls) according to his precedence as such

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peer or privy councillor, and, if not a peer or privy councillor, after tended to the children of the persons naturalized by 4 Geo 2, c. 21. the ordinary judges of the said Court of Appeal." This provision | The Alien Act of 1848 contains no definition of the term alien," does not seem to correspond with the proposal announced by the but the statutes of George the Second and George the Third are Lord Chancellor in the House of Lords in May last. That proposal clearly prospective, and have the effect of withdrawing many was to give all the law lords and the judges of the Judicial Com- persons who would be foreigners in the common sense of the mittee power to assist in the Court of Appeal, while the clause term from the operation of that Act. As the mere fact of a above quoted provides that "any person who has held the office of person being born out of the United Kingdom, therefore, is very a judge of one of her Majesty's superior courts of England," far from proof of his being an "alien" in law, and as it seems within the meaning of section 25 of the Appellate Jurisdiction Act, clear that the burden of proof that any particular person is such 1876, may sit with the Court of Appeal. The superior courts of alien will lie upon the Government, it may be well to provide for England are defined by section 25 of the Appellate Jurisdiction shifting the burden of proof in certain cases, as where the Act, 1876, as the High Court of Justice and Court of Appeal, party has resided out of the United Kingdom for more than five "and the superior courts of law and equity as they existed years, that being the period of residence in the United Kingdom before the constitution of her Majesty's High Court of Justice." which, under the Naturalization Act, 1870 (33 Vict. c. 14), s. 7, The proposal of the Bill is, therefore, that anyone who "has entitles an alien to a "certificate of naturalization," or, rather, held" the office of judge of the High Court shall be competent to gives him a locus standi to apply to a Secretary of State to grant sit in the Court of Appeal. If this is only intended as a limita-him one. The Naturalization Act, it may be pointed out, contion on the choice of members of the Judicial Committee or tains elaborate provisions for " expatriation," by which House of Lords to sit with the Court of Appeal, so as to meet British subject who has at any time before, or may at any time the objection that ex-Indian judges who are members of the after, the passing of that Act, when in any foreign State and not Judicial Committee would not be of the smallest service on the under any disability, voluntarily become naturalized in such State, bench of the Court of Appeal, it seems to be desirable to shall, from and after the time of his so having become naturalized define more clearly the judges intended, by saying that any in a foreign State, be deemed to have ceased to be a British subject lords of appeal within section 5 of the Appellate Jurisdiction and be regarded as an alien," and this Act was amended in 1872 Act, 1876, or any member of the Judicial Committee who has as regards the United States, and as regards the period between held the office, &c. As the clause stands it is not clear that the May 13, 1870, and August 10, 1872, by 35 & 36 Vict. c. 39, the mere expression "has held" the offices referred to, including schedule to which gives a form of "resumption of nationality.” the office of judge of the High Court, necessarily excludes a judge who now holds that office. If it does not, then the clause is a somewhat covert re-introduction of last year's proposal to make the judges of the High Court journeymen judges of the Court of Appeal. But clause 4 of the Bill actually expressly provides for the sitting of judges of the High Court with the Court of Appeal. It proposes that "section 4 of the Supreme Court of Judicature Act, 1875, is hereby amended so as to authorize and empower the attendance of any judge of any division of the High Court of Justice (not being an ex officio judge of the Court of Appeal) at the sittings of the Court of Appeal, upon such request, and with such powers as are in the same section mentioned, as well during the time of any spring or summer circuit on which such judge shall not be actually employed in the duty of holding sittings under any commission of assize, oyer and terminer, and gaol delivery, as at any other time." We find it difficult to understand this persistence in a proposal which met with such general condemnation last year, and in favour of which there is no single argument of any validity to be urged except that of economy.

IN CONNECTION with the recent discovery of guns and cartridges at Clerkenwell, it is of some consequence to point out that while the storage and conveyance of explosive substances, including cartridges, are subjected to considerable restrictions by the Explosives Act, 1875 (38 Vict. c. 17), the manufacture, storage, and sale of guns is almost entirely free. It is, indeed, provided by the Customs Consolidation Act, 1876 (39 & 40 Vict. c. 36), s. 43, that the importation of arms may be prohibited by Order in Council, and the Gun Licence Act, 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c. 57), imposes a penalty of ten pounds upon any person using or carrying a gun without having in force the ten-shilling annual "gun licence" by that Act required to be taken out. Moreover, the Public Stores Act, 1875 (38 & 39 Vict. c. 25), imposes very heavy penalties upon persons found in possession of any public stores-which term includes all goods and chattels, and therefore guns belonging to the War Office-without lawful authority, proof of which authority shall lie on the party accused." But apart from the exceptional Acts from time to time passed for Ireland, the gunsmith's business does not appear to have attracted the attention of the Legislature, which in the Bill of Rights, reciting that "several good subjects being Protestants had been disarmed at the same time when Papists were both armed and employed contrary to law,” enacts "that the subjects which are Protestants may have arms for their defence suitable to their condition, and as allowed by law." It may be suggested as expedient that a licence should be required for the storage and sale of guns as well as of explosive substances, otherwise many criminal designs may be carried out with comparative immunity by the storage of guns apart from ammunition."

6:

Mr. William O'Brien, Q.C., was, on Wednesday, sworn in before the Irish
Irish High Court of Justice.
Lord Chancellor as one of the judges in the Common Pleas Division of the

TWO AMENDMENTS of considerable importance and advantage have been introduced into that part of the Irish Crime Bill which deals with the power to expel aliens. Mr. FIRTH has substituted a bodily incorporation for an incorporation by reference of the Alien Act of 1848, and Mr. MORGAN LLOYD has extended the incorporated measure to England and Scotland. It has been pointed out in more than one quarter that an extension to the Isle of Man would be desirable, and there is much to be said for a general extension to all her Majesty's dominions. The question should also be considered to what description of persons under the general term of "alien " the Act is intended to apply. An alien at common law is simply a person born, of whatever parents, out of the dominions of the United Kingdom, but certain statutes have conferred upon aliens, being children or grandchildren of naturalborn subjects, the status of natural-born subjects. These statutes are 7 Anne, c. 5, 10 Anne, c. 5, 4 Geo. 2, c. 21, and 13 Geo. 3, c. 21, of which the two last are the only important ones. By 4 Geo. 2, c. 21, "all the children born out of the ligeance of the Crown of England or of Great Britain, or which shall hereafter be born out of such ligeance, whose fathers were or shall be natural-gazetted, the 9,303 arrangements and compositions of 1880 resulting from born subjects of the Crown of England or of Great Britain at the time of the birth of such children respectively, shall be adjudged and taken to be, and all such children are hereby declared to be, natural-born subjects of the Crown of Great Britain to all intents, constructions, and purposes whatsoever; and by 13 Geo. 3, c. 21, the provisions of 4 Geo. 2, c. 21, are ex

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The report of the Controller in Bankruptcy for 1881, just issued, shows, says the Times, a further decrease in the number of cases administered under the provisions of the Bankruptcy Act. The number of bankruptcies was 1,005; liquidations by arrangement, 5, 216; and compositions, 3,506; making a total of 9,727, against 10,298 in 1880. In addition to the number of estates administered, about 2,000 abortive petitions for liquidation are annually 11,508 petitions, and the 8,722 of 1881 from 10,652 petitions. The estates of 1881 were, generally speaking, of the same small class as those of the preceding year. Thus the average liabilities in the bankruptcies of 1881 were £2,715, In the liquidations by and the average value of the estates only $318. arrangement the average liabilities were £2,041, and the average value of estates £688. In the compositions the average liabilities were £1,227, and the average value of estates £282,

LANDS “INJURIOUSLY AFFECTED" BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF AUTHORIZED WORKS.

THE important subject of compensation under the Lands Clauses Consolidation Act for injury to land has been recently considered by the House of Lords in The Caledonian Railway Company v. Walker's Trustees (30 W. R. 569); where it was held, affirming the judgment of the Court of Session in Scotland, that an alteration in the streets connecting the respondents' works with one of the main thoroughfares of Glasgow was a proper subject of compensation. The injury complained of in this case consisted in the destruction of the direct and level access which the respondent had previously enjoyed, and the substitution of a circuitous route crossing a bridge at a somewhat steep gradient. This general description sufficiently indicates the principle involved in the decision-namely, that when the execution of authorized works interferes with the direct and proximate access to private land by a public highway, the land is "injuriously affected" within the meaning of the Acts.

This decision is an excellent example of the refinements which have been introduced into the determination of these questions, and we shall have occasion to refer to it presently as illustrating the anomalies of the established law. The case, however, derives its chief interest from the elaborate review of the earlier authorities in the judgments of the Lord Chancellor and Lord Blackburn, and the opposite opinions expressed by them as to the possibility of harmonizing the previous decisions of the House of Lords. Lord Blackburn considers them as "certainly not casy, and to my mind not possible altogether to reconcile." The Lord Chancellor, on the other hand, while admitting that "some propositions wider than the case itself required may appear to have received countenance from those who advised the House," maintained that the decisions were 66 capable of being explained and justified upon consistent principles." Whether the previous decisions are in direct conflict, or not, it is manifest that, no matter how high the authority of the judge may be, the expression of his individual opinion cannot, after these remarks, be accepted as a safe guide upon this vexed question; and it may be mentioned incidentally that Lords Westbury and Cairns, in two leading cases which established the most important limitations of the company's liability, respectively dissented from the judgments of the majority (see Ricket v. Metropolitan Railway Company, L. R. 2 H. L. 175, and Hammersmith Railway Company v. Brand, 18 W. R. 12, L. R. 4 H. L. 171). It is therefore extremely important to determine how far the principles regulating these cases of compensation have been finally settled; and this is the subject which we propose briefly to consider in the

present article.

We need scarcely remind our readers that all the cases-and they are very numerous-depend upon the construction given to the words "injuriously affected by the execution of the works." These words seem simple and straightforward, but the endless variety of circumstances to which they have to be applied makes this subject, in the words of Lord Westbury, "a striking example of the uncertainty of the law which rests on judicial decisions" (Ricket v. Metropolitan Railway Company, L. R. 2 H. L. at p. 201).

The policy of the Railway Acts was, in the interest of the community at large, to legalize nuisance, and deprive individuals of rights of action which they might have otherwise enforced: the right to compensation conferred by the Acts being by no means co-extensive with the damage which in some cases is actually suffered. No stronger example of damnum sine injuriâ can be furnished than the class of cases recently referred to in these columns (ante, p. 487), where the vibration of passing trains has effected a structural alteration in the neighbouring buildings. There are also many other cases in which the owner of land adjoining a railway suffers both inconvenience and loss, and yet is debarred from compensation by the somewhat narrow construction placed on the statute by the judges who have declared the law on the subject.

The principles of abstract justice would seem to require that a chartered monopoly like a railway company should pay to the last

farthing for all damage caused to private individuals, whose premises, or the use of whose premises, they had in any way injuriously affected; but this liability has been limited by decision in the following manner :—

(1.) It has been held that no compensation is payable unless an action could have been maintained in respect of the injury if the act which caused it had not been sanctioned by Parliament; and also that such action should have been of one particular kind— namely, for damage to land or some interest in land.

This was the ground of the decision in Caledonian Railway Company v. Ogilvy (2 Macq. 229), where a railway had been carried on the level across the highway close to a gentleman's lodge. The inconvenience thence resulting was considerable, and was obviously such as rendered the house less attractive and valuable as a place of residence; but the House of Lords held that the inconvenience was one to which all her Majesty's subjects were exposed, and for which no individual remedy existed. The railway being set in motion by the Legislature, all the consequences which result from the ordinary working of the line must be considered as sanctioned by its authority. The right of action is, therefore, gone, and unless the particular injury falls within the provisions of the compensation clauses, the individual is left without any redress. The compensation, moreover, has to be assessed once for all, and the effect of requiring it to be made in respect of an actionable injury is to exclude all prospective damage, no matter how clear it may be that the premises will be depreciated in value (Broadbent v. Imperial Gas Company, 7 H. L. C. 600). The further limitation, that the damage must be to the land itself, excludes all claims which might have been enforced by a personal action; foremost among which may be mentioned those cases where the individual suffers special damage from what would have been a public nuisance if it had not been authorized by Act of Parliament.

(2.) A still more important limitation was placed on the right to compensation by the case, already referred to, of Hammersmith Railway Company v. Brand, in which it was decided that compensation cannot be recovered from a railway company in respect of damage or annoyance arising from the working (without negligence) of the railway, even though the value of the property has been actually diminished by the nuisance of smoke, noise, and vibration.

It may thus be considered as finally determined, so far as judicial decision is final, that compensation cannot be recovered unless there is an actionable injury to land, and unless the injury is caused by the execution of the works, and not by the user of the railway. These two principles are theoretically sufficient to determine every case which can arise; but their practical application is by no means free from difficulty, in consequence of the great variety in which these claims for compensation present themselves. Thus, for example, the narrowing of a highway (Beckett's case, 16 W. R. 221, L. R. 3 C. P. 82), obstructing the access to a navigable river (Metropolitan Board of Works v. McCarthy, 23 W. R. 115, L. R. 7 H. L. 243), darkening (ancient?) windows (Eagle v. Charing Cross Railway Company, 15 W. R. 1016, L. R. 2 C. P. 638), lowering the level of a road (Reg. v. The Eastern Counties Railway Company, 2 Q. B. 347), and damaging the approaches to a manufactory, as in the case cited at the beginning of this article, have been held proper subjects of compensation; while the injury to "goodwill" by diverting traffic (Ricket v. Metropolitan Railway Company, L. R. 2 H. L. 175), the interference with the monopoly of a ferry (Hopkins v. Great Northern Railway Company, 2 Q. B. D. 224), the injury caused by a level crossing (Ogilvy's case, 2 Macq. 229), and many similar cases, have been considered as falling outside the scope of the Acts.

It only remains to point out some of the absurdities in the existing law which are brought into prominence by the case of Caledonian Railway Company v. Walker's Trustees. And, first, as to damage arising from the user of the railway, it seems perfectly clear that greater inconvenience and loss may be suffered in consequence of a level crossing, or a swivel bridge, than from a detour of a couple of hundred yards. Yet the owner is, in the former case, left without a remedy, while in the latter he is adjudged compensation, even where the highway affected is only one of several modes of access, and the deviation is

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