Midshipmen, Warrant Officers, Pay Clerks and Mates. $50 00 $1,400 00 | $116 67 NOTES.-Officers and enlisted men receive 10 per cent additional for sea duty, or shore duty beyond continental limits of the Officers and enlisted men receive 75 per cent of their highest active pay when placed United States, except Porto Rico and Hawaii. on the retired list. The monthly pay of enlisted men in the navy ranges from a minimum of $17 60 for apprentice seamen and for landsmen to $71 50 for chief master-at-arms. They receive 75 cents extra per month for each good conduct bar or medal; $5 extra per month if detailed as coxswains, jacks-of-the-dust, lamplighters or crew messmen, and for service on submarine vessels; from $3 to $1 if detailed as signalmen; from $10 to $2 as gunpointers, according to expertness, or as cooks ashore, $8 if qualified as expert rifle men: $2 as sharpshooters, and $1 as marksmen. For each consecutive re-enlistment for four years, $1 86 per month is added to THE FOREIGN SERVICE. ITS SCOPE AND CHARACTER. The Foreign Service of the United States includes the Diplomatic Corps and the Consular Service. In both these branches great progress has been made in recent years in efficiency, permanency of tenure and the elimination of mere political influence in appointments. In the Diplomatic Corps the permanent grades are as follows: Ambassadors plenipotentiary, envoys extraordinary and ministers plenipotentiary, ministers resident, diplomatic agents, secretaries of embassy, secretaries of legation, second secretaries of embassy, second secretaries of legation and third secretaries of embassy. Officers of the army and navy serve as military and naval attachés to some embassies and legations. The grade of ambassador was established by Congress under the second Cleveland administration. The law provided that when any foreign country should send a diplomatic representative of the grade of ambassador to the United States, the President might app int an ambassador of the United States to that country. Congress, however, recently recalled the discretionary authority given to the President and provided that embassies should be created thereafter only by legislation. There are now ten embassies-to Austria-Hungary, Brazil, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia and Turkey. The Grade of Ambassador. Until recently there were no regulations governing appointments to the Diplomatic Corps. On November 10, 1905, President Roosevelt issued the following executive order: Appointments to the Foreign Service, or It is hereby ordered that vacancies in the office of secretary of embassy or legation shall hereafter be filled(a) By transfer or promotion from some branch of the (b) By the appointment of a person who having furnished satisfactory evidence of character, responsibility and capacity, and being thereupon selected by the Prestdent for examination, is found upon such examination to be qualified for the position. On November 26, 1909, President Taft issued an executive order enlarging the scope of the merit system and providing for promotions in the lower grades of the service up to minister. The chief provisions of the order were as follows: The Secretary of State is hereby directed to report from time to time to the President, along with his recommendations, the names of those secretar.es of the higher grades in the diplomatic service who by reason of efOrder of Novem- ficient service have demonstrated special capacity for promober 26, 1909. tion to be chiefs of mission. Initial appointments from outside the service to secretaryships in the diplomatic service shall be only to the classes of third secretary of embassy, or in case of higher existent vacancies, of second secretary of legation, or of secretary of legation at such post as has assigned to it but one secretary. Vacancies in secretaryships of higher classes shall be filled by promotion from the lower grades of the service, based upon efficiency and ability as shown in the service. The Assistant Secretary of State, the solicitor for the Department of State, the chief of the diplomatic bureau and the chief of the bureau of appointments and the chief examiner of the Civil Service Commission or some person whom the commis sion shail designate, or such persons as may be des gnated to serve in their stead, are hereby constituted a board whose duty it shall be to determine the qualifications of persons designated by the President for examination to determine their fitness for possible appointment as secretaries of embassy or legation. The examination herein provided for shall be held in Washington at such times as the needs of the service require. Candidates will be given reasonable notice to attend, and no person shall be designated to take the examination within thirty days of the time set therefor. The examinations shall be both oral and in writing and shall include the following subjects: International law, diplomatic usage and a knowledge of at least one modern language other than English-to wit, French, Spanish or Examinations. German; also the natural, industrial and commercial resources and the commerce of the United States, especially with reference to the possibility of increasing and extending the trade of the United States with foreign countries; American history, government and institutions, and the modern history since 1850 of Europe, Latin America and the Far East. The object of the oral examination shall also be to determine the candidate's alertness, general contemporary informat on and natural fitness for the service, including mental. moral and physical qualifications, character, aucress and general education and good command of English. In this part of the examination the applications previously filed will be given due weight by the board of examiners. In their determination of the final rating the written and oral ratings shall be of equal weight. A physical examination shall also be included as supplemental. Examination papers shall be rated on a scale of 100, and no person with a general rating of less than 80 shall be certified as eligible. No person shall be certified as eligible who is under twenty-one or over fifty years of age, or who is not a citizen of the United States, or who is not of good character and habits and physically, mentally and temperamentally qualified for the proper performance of diplomatic work, or who has not been specially designated by the President for appointment to the diplomatic service subject to examination and subject to the occurrence of an appropriate vacancy. The names of candidates will remain on the eligible list for two years, except in the case of such candidates as shall within that period be appointed or shall withdraw their names. Names which have been on the eligible list for two years will be dropped therefrom and the candidates concerned will not again be eligible for appointment unless upon fresh application, designation anew for examination and the successful passing of such second examination. In designations for appointment subject to examination and in appointments after examination due regard will be had to the rule that as between candidates of equal merit appointments should be made so as to tend to secure proProportional portional representation of all the states and territories in the Representation. diplomatic service; and neither in the designation for examination or certification or appointment after examination will the political affiliations of the candidates be considered. Transfers from one branch of the Foreign Service to another shall not occur except upon designation by the President for examination and the successful passing of the examination prescribed for the service to which such transfer Transfers. is made. Unless the exigencies of the service imperatively demand it. such person to be transferred shall not have preference in designation for the taking of the examination or in appointment from the eligible list, but shall follow the course of procedure prescribed for all applicants for appointment to the service which he desires to enter. To persons employed in the Department of State at salaries of $1,800 or more the preceding rule shall not apply, and they may be appointed on the basis of ability and efficiency to any grade of the diplomatic service. Officers in the Consular Service appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate are divided into the following grades: Consuls general The Consular at large, consuls general, consuls and consular assistants. There are also vice and deputy consuls general and consuls and consular agents. But these last are selected under regulations made by the State Department and act as clerks or representatives of the officers of the higher grades. The Consular Service was thoroughly reorganized by the act of Congress approved April 5, 1906, amended by the act approved May 11, 1908. These acts divided the consulates general into seven classes and the consuls into nine classes. The old fee system was abolished, every consul general and consul receiving a fixed salary and turning the fees of his office into the Treasury. Agents receive one-half of the fees which they collect up to $1,000. By an executive order issued by President Roosevelt on June 27, 1906 amended by further orders of December 12, 1906; June 20, 1907, and the act approved May 21, 1908, a system of appointments after examination and promotions for fitness was established. The chief provisions of these orders were as follows: REGULATIONS GOVERNING APPOINTMENTS AND PROMOTIONS. 1. Vacancies in the office of consul general and in the office of consul above Class 8 shall be filled by promotion from the lower grades of the Consular Service, based upon ability and efficiency as shown in the service. 2. Vacancies in the office of consul of Class 8 and of consul of Class 9 shall be filled: (a) By promotion on the basis of ability and efficiency as shown in the service, of consular clerks and of vice-consuls, deputy consuls and consular agents who shall have been appointed to such offices upon examination. (b) By new appointments of candidates who have passed a satisfactory examination for appointment as consul as hereafter provided. 3. Persons in the service of the Department of State with salaries of $2,000 or upward shall be eligible for promotion, on the basis of ability and efficiency as shown in the service, to any grade of the Consular Service above Class 8 of consuls. 4. The Secretary of State, or such other officer of the Department of State as the President shall designate, the chief of the consular bureau and the chief examiner of the Civil Service Commission, or some person whom said commission shall designate, shall constitute a board of examiners for admission to the Consular Service. 5. It shall be the duty of the board of examiners to formulate rules for and hold examinations of applicants for admission to the Consular Service. 6. The scope and method of the examinations shall be determined by the board of examiners, but among the subjects shall be included at least one modern language other than English; the natural, industrial and commercial resources and the com-merce of the United States, especially with reference to the poss.bilities of increas ing and extending the trade of the United States with foreign countries; political economy, elements of international, commercial and maritime law. 7. Examination papers shall be rated on a scale of 100, and no person rated at less than 80 shall be eligible for certification. 8. No one shall be examined who is under twenty-one or over fifty years of age, or who is not a citizen of the United States, or who is not of good character and habits and physically and mentally qualified for the proper performance of consular work, or who has not been specially designated by the President for appointment to the Consular Service subject to examination. 9. Whenever a vacancy shall occur in the eighth or ninth class of consuls which the President may deem it expedient to fill, the Secretary of State shall inform the board of examiners, who shall certify to him the list of those persons eligbile for appointment, accompanying the certificate with a detailed report showing the qualifications, as revealed by examination, of the persons so certified. If it be desired to fill a vacancy in a consulate in a country in which the United States exercises extra-territorial jurisdiction, the Secretary of State shall so inform the board of examiners who shall include in the list of names certified by it only such persons as have passed the examination provided for in this order, and who also have passed an examination in the fundamental principles of the common law, the rules of evidence and the trial of civil and criminal cases. The list of names which the board of examiners shall certify shall be sent to the President for his information. 10. No promotion shall be made except for efficiency, as shown by the work that the officer has accomplished, the ability, promptness and diligence displayed by him in the performance of all his official duties, his conduct and his fitness for the Consular Service. 11. It shall be the duty of the board of examiners to formulate rules for and hold examinations of persons designated for appointment as consular clerk, and of such persons designated for appointment as vice-consul, deputy consul and consular agent as shall desire to become eligible for promotion. The scope and method of such examination shall be determined by the board of examiners, but it shall include the same subjects herein before prescribed for the examination of consuls. Any vice-consul, deputy consul or consular agent now in the service, upon passing such an examination, shall become eligible for promotion as if appointed upon such examination. 12. In designations for appointment subject to examination and in appointments after examination, due regard will be had to the rule that as between candidates of equal merit appointments should be so made as to secure proportional representation of all the states and territories in the Consular Service, and neither in the designation for examination or certification or appointment will the political affiliations of the candidate be considered. Country. THE DIPLOMATIC CORPS. UNITED STATES EMBASSIES AND LEGATIONS. Austria-Hungary. Brazil. France.. Germany. Great Britain. Italy.. Japan.... Mexico. Russia.. Turkey. Residence. Vienna.. Berlin.. London.. Rome. Name. Richard C. Kerens.. John G. A. Leishman. Argentine Republic.... Buenos Ayres. Brussels. La Paz........ and Ministers Plenipotentiary, Copenhagen. Quito. Athens.. Guatemala. and Luxemburg Nicaragua Norway.. Panama. Managua. 12,000 1909 10,000 1910 12,000 1909 12,000 1909 W. Val 10,000 1909 N. H. 10,000 1909 10,000 1910 10,000 1905 Christiania. Panama. Charles W. Russell.. Ky. Lisbon....:: and Servia.......... Bucharest...... Henry T. Gage.. Dominican Republic... Santo Domingo. William W. Russell. Monrovia. William D. Crum... Liberia. Egypt Austria-Hungary: Secretary... Second secretary.... Vienna........ Nelson O'Shaughnessy.... Md. Brazil: Second secretary.... Second secretary... Paris.. Vienna....... George B. Rives.... N. J.. Rio de Janeiro.. Alexander R. Magruder. Md... 2,000] 1910 Arthur Bailly-Bdanchard.. La. 3,000 1909 Minn. 2,000 1910 Third secretary.. Paris.. 1,200 Germany: ... St. Petersburg.. George Post Wheeler. Second secretary.... St. Petersburg.. J. Van A. McMurray Third secretary..... St. Petersburg.. Second secretary.... Constantinople.. John H. Gregory, jr. Secretaries of Legation. Robert W. Bliss...... Benson.. La. Wash. 3,000 1909 N. J... Constantinople.. Hoffman Philip.. N. Y.. .. Ohio.. 2,000] 1908 1,200] 3,000 1910 2.000 1909 1,200 1910 N. Y.. 2,625 1909 2.625 1909 Santiago. Peking. Seth Low Pierrepont. Penn. Costa Rica........ San Jose. Cuba: Percival Heintzleman. Charles D. White.. Frederick A. de Billier... D. C... 2,000 1910 2,000 |