32,069,434 86,011,028 18,655.213 83.438,037 84,692,799 182,837.000 541,457,965 2,664,472,025 75.661,000 350,694,000 United States $107,104,211,917 $62,341,492,134 $4,073,791,786 $3,297,754,180) 1811,244,752.000 1Exclusive of railroads and telegraph and telephone systems, which in certain states are classed as real property. SETTLEMENT, ADMISSION AND AREA OF STATES AND TERRITORIES. Wisconsin French 1745 May 29, 18481 56.040 1867 July 10, 1890 97,890 Wyoming English Emigrants from Middle States. *Inclusive of land and water. For terms of office, and other state officers see pages 427 to 433. salaries, etc., of Governors If the forty-six states be arranged according to the mode of admission, excepting the thirteen original states, they would be grouped thus: Four were formed from other states-Vermont from New York, Maine from Massachusetts, Kentucky and West Virginia from Virginia, One (California) had no previous territorial government. One (Texas) was annexed; one (Oklahoma) was formed by the union of two territories, and the remaining twenty-six had been organized as territories prior to their admission as states. North Dakota and South Dakota were formed out of the territory of Dakota. LEGISLATIVE TERMS AND ELECTIONS IN STATES. All the states choose Presidential and Vice-Presidential electors on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November of Presidential years, and all the states except Maine and Vermont choose Representatives in Congress on the first Tuesday after the first Monday of November in every even numbered year. The two states named above choose Representatives at their regular September state elections in the even numbered years. The elections for which dates are given below are general state elections. Michigan chooses a few mino officials at a special spring election. In the table which follows the Legislatures which meet biennially are not specially designated. Those which have other than biennial sessions are indicated by footnote references. State elections, if not otherwise indicated, are biennial. States and Territories. Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Connecticut Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire. North Carolina. Utah Vermont Virginia Length Legislature. Next session begins. [50 days.. Tu. a. 2 M. Jan., 1911. No limit. 1 W. a. 1 M. Jan., 1911. 60 days.. Tu. a. 1 M. April, 1911. No limit. 1W. a. 1 M., Jan., 1911 60 days.. 1 Tu. Jan., 1911. 40 days..Tu. a. 1 M. Jan., 1911. 75 days.. Tu. a. 1 M. Nov., 1911 Washington West Virginia. Wyoming tions. Triennial elections. Next general election. Tu. a. 1 M. Nov., 1914 2 M. Sept., 1912 Tu. a. 1 M. Nov., 1914 Tu. a. 1 M. Nov., 1912 Tu. a. 1 M. Nov., 1912 Tu. a. 1 M. Nov., 1912 Tu. a. 1 M. Nov., 1912. 1 W. Oct., 1912 Tu. a. 1 M. Nov., 1912 Tu. a. 1 M. Nov., 1911 Tu. a. 1 M. Nov., 1911 Tu. a. 1 M. Nov., 1912 Tu. a. 1 M. Nov., 1912 Tu. a. 1 M. Nov., 1912 Tu. a. 1 M. Nov., 1914 Tu. a. 1 M. Nov., 1912 Tu. a. 1 M. Nov., 1913 Tu. a. 1 M. Nov., 1912 Tu. a. 1 M. Nov., 1912 Annual elections. "Quadrennial elec Not Over 6 per cent cannot be collected by law. Three years for merchants. witnessed six years. Not on notes or drafts on demand. Not courts of record, Ave years. "When return not made on execution ten years. 'Rate prevailing in another state permitted on evidence of indebtedness wholly secured by mortgage on property in the other state. UNITED STATES SENATORS CHOSEN, 1910. Georgia-Senator Alexander S. Clay, D., died on November 13, 1910, and on November 17 Governor Joseph M. Brown appointed G. M. Terrell, D., to serve until the next meeting of the Legislature in June, 1911. Iowa Senator Jonathan P. Dolliver, R., died on October 15, 1910, and on November 12 Governor Carroll appointed Lafayette Young, R., to serve until the next meeting of the Iowa Legislature in January, 1911. Louisiana-The Legislature of Louisiana on July 5 elected Jared Y. Sanders, D., United States Senator to serve out the unexpired term, ending March 3, 1915, of Samuel D. McEnery, D., who died on June 28, 1910. The vote in the two branches of the Legislature was: Senate-Sanders, 37; Robert F. Broussard, D., 1. House of Representatives Sanders, 92; Broussard, 4; John D. Wilkinson, D. On August 27, 1910, Governor Sanders announced that he would not qualify as Senator and appointed James R. Thornton, D., to serve until the next meeting of the Legislature in 1912. That appointment, whose legality was questionable, lapsed when the Legislature was called together in extra session on November 28, 1910. On December 6, 1910, Mr. Thornton Iwas elected Senator to fill out Mr. McEenery's term. In the State Senate he received 32 votes, to 5 for Representative Robert F. Broussord, 2 for John D. Wilkinson and 1 for Governor Sanders, all Democrats. In the House of Representatives he received 74 votes, to 23 for Mr. Broussard, 11 for L. E. Thomas and 4 for Mr. Wilkinson. Maryland-The Legislature of Maryland on January 18 elected Isidor Rayner, D., United States Senator to succeed himself for the six-year term ending March 3, 1917. The vote in the two branches of the Legislature was: Senate-Rayner, 19; William P. Jackson, Anselm J. McLaurin, D., on December 22, 1909. The Legislature of Mississippi on February 23 elected Leroy Percy, D., to serve out the unexpired term of Mr. McLaurin, ending on March 3, 1913. The vote was unanimous. Mr. Percy was nominated in a Democratic legislative caucus on the 58th ballot, receiving 87 votes to 82 for James K. Vardaman. North Dakota-On February 1 Fountain L. Thompson, D., resigned his seat and Governor John Burke appointed William E. Purcell, D., to succeed him in R., 6. House of Delegates-Rayner, 68; Jackson, 31; absent, 2. Mr. Rayner nomInated at a Democratic primary. Mississippi-On December 27, 1909, Governor E. F. Noel appointed James Gordon, D., United States Senator to fill the vacancy created by the death of serving out the unexpired term of Martin N. Johnson, R., ending March 3, 1915. Vermont-The Legislature of Vermont on October 18, 1910, elected Carroll S. Page, R., United States Senator to succeed himself for the six-year term ending March 3, 1917. The vote in the Senate was unanimous. In the House of Representatives Mr. Page received 221 votes, one vote was cast for Charles A. Prouty, R., and one for David J. Foster, R. Virginia-The Legislature of Virginia on January 25, 1910, elected John W. Daniel, D., United States Senator to succeed himself for the six-year term ending March 3, 1917. The vote in the two branches of the Legislature was: Senate-Daniel, 26; C. Bascom Slemp, R., 4. House of Delegates-Daniel, 73; Slemp, 12. Mr. Daniel was nominated in a Democratic primary. Senator Daniel died on June 29, 1910, and on August 1, 1910, Governor Mann appointed Claude A. Swanson, D., to serve out the unexpired term ending March 3, 1911. POPULAR ELECTION OF U. S. SENATORS. The movement to substitute popular election of United States Senators for uncontrolled election through the legislatures has made much progress in recent years. Attempts to amend the federal constitution so as to provide for a uniform system of popular election have failed through the refusal of the United States Senate to pass a resolution submitting such an amendment to the states. The House of Representatives has passed four resolutions proposing a constitutional amendment on July 21, 1894, May 11, 1898. April 13, 1900, and February 13, 1902. In each case the Senate refused to concur. Twenty-nine state legislatures have passed resolutions of some sort asking Congress to call a constitutional convention for the purpose of proposing an amendment providing for the popular election of Senators, but of these resolutions at least sixteen seem to be defective in form and are open to rejection on that account. Since 1902 the project of amending the Constitution has not been vigorously pushed, because the states wishing to do so have found it practicable to secure direct elections throug,h state legislation or voluntary party action. In many states nominations for the Senate are made in a legalized party primary or in a voluntary party primary, and such nominations are morally binding on the members of the legislature. In a few states Senators are voted for at the regular state elections, the legislature ratifying the popular choice. The extent of the system of popular nominations and election is shown in the following summary: States in which nominations are made by voluntary party regulation—Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, South Carolina and Virginia-6. States in which nominations are made in a legalized primary-California, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Washington and Wisconsin-19. States in which Senators are voted for in regular elections-Nevada, Nebraska and Oregon-3. In New Jersey and Ohio the party primary is optional and advisory. Tennessee formally nominated candidates for Senator in a primary, but the act of 1908 providing for direct nominations was held by the Supreme Court of the state to be invalid on technical grounds. THE INCOME TAX AMENDMENT. The sixty-first Congress at its first session submitted to the states an amendment to the Federal Constitution enlarging the scope of the power of the national government to levy taxes on incomes. The Senate passed the joint resolution of submission on July 5, 1908, by a unanimous vote. The House of Representatives passed it on July 12 by a vote of 317 to 14. The proposed new article reads as follows: "Article XVI.-The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the states, and without regard to any census or enumeration." Action on the amendment has been taken by the various states as follows: FOR RATIFICATION. Alabama.-The House of Representatives passed unanimously on August 2, 1908, a resolution ratifying the income tax amendment to the Federal Constitution. In the Senate the resolution passed a few days later with only two votes in opposition. INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM-MORTALITY STATISTICS. 441 Georgia. The House of Representatives at the session of 1909 adopted a ratification resolution, but the Senate, on August 5, by a vote of 37 to 2, postponed action until the next session of the Legislature. The Senate on July 11, 1910, passed a ratification resolution by a vote of 23 to 18. The House of Representatives passed the same resolution on July 12 by a vote of 125 to 45. Illinois.-The Senate early in the extra session of 1910 passed a ratification resolution and the House of Representatives approved the Senate resolution on March, 1, 1910, by a vote of 78 to 8. Kentucky. The Legislature of Kentucky at the regular session of 1910 passed two resolutions ratifying the income tax amendment. The sufficiency of the form in which the first resolution was drawn was questioned by Governor Willson, who also criticised the form of the second resolution, but decided finally to transmit it to the Secretary of State. Maryland.—The House of Delegates at the regular session of the Legislature passed a ratification resolution. The Senate on April 4, 1910, adopted the House resolution by a vote of 17 to 9. Mississippi.—The House of Representatives passed a resolution of ratification on March 29, 1910, and the Senate adopted the same resolution on the same day. Oklahoma.-The Senate on March 3, 1910, at an extra session of the Legislature, passed a ratification resolution and the House of Representatives on March 4, 1910, adopted the same resolution. South Carolina.-The House of Representatives passed a ratification resolution on February 15, 1910, by a vote of 100 to 3. The Senate approved the House resolution on February 19, 1910. Louisiana ---On June 2 the House of Representatives passed, by a vote of 77 to 31, a resolution ratifying the income tax amendment to the Federal Constitution. The Senate on June 8, by a vote of 28 to 9, amended the resolution by providing that the question of approving or rejecting the income tax amendment be submitted to the voters of the state at the election of 1912. The Senate had previously passed a resolution similar in effect. The House of Representatives on June 9, by a vote of 93 to 16, refused to accept the Senate substitute and in conference between the two branches no agreement was reached before the adjournment of the Legislature, on July 7. Massachusetts.-The House of Representatives on May 4, 1910, defeated a ratification resolution by 126 to 101. The Senate on May 19, 1910, defeated a similar resolution by a vote of 23 to 11. New York.-The Assembly on April 20, 1910, voted on a resolution of ratification introduced in the form of a bill. It received 74 votes to 66 in opposition, but was declared to have failed of passage for lack of the constitutional majority (a majority of all the members elected to the body) required in New York State to pass a bill. On May 3, 1910, a motion to reconsider the vote of April 20 failed by a vote of 75 in favor to 67 against. The Senate on May 17, 1910, adopted a resolution of ratification by a vote of 26 to 20. The Senate resolution went to the Assembly and a motion to suspend the rules and take it up for consideration was defeated on May 25, 1910, by a vote of 75 for and 64 against, 75 votes being one less than a constitutional majority. Rhode Island.-The Senate of Rhode Island on April 29 unanimously rejected a ratification resolution. The House of Representatives on the same day de feated a similar resolution. Virginia.-The House of Delegates on March 7, 1910, defeated a resolution of ratification by a vote of 54 to 37. The Senate on March 9, 1910, passed a resolution of ratification by a vote of 19 to 5. INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM. Ten states of the Union have adopted the initiative and referendum as a method of supplementing legislation through the legislatures. By the initiative a proposed law may be submitted to the people directly on petition from a certain number of voters. Under the referendum a law passed by the legislature may be suspended on the petition of a certain number of voters until it can receive popular approval. The states which have adopted the referendum and initiative are Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, Maine, Missouri, Montana, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota and Utah. Nevada has adopted the referendum only. MORTALITY STATISTICS, 1909. The federal Census Bureau began to collect mortality statistics in 1879-'80 for the Census of 1880. Similar statistics were collected for the censuses of 1890 and 1900, and since 1900 they have been collected annually. The figures cover only what is known as the registration area of the United States, which embraces those States and separate cities excepted as having approximately complete registration of deaths based upon the requirement of compulsory burial permits. The States having such registration in 1909 were California, Colorado, Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Vermont, Washington and Wisconsin. These States, with the District of Columbia and 74 cities in non-registration States, |