In the San Joaquin Valley conditions are much better. The State Dairy Bureau has maintained inspection here for years with inspectors who have accomplished results, although they have many times as much territory as one man could hope to possibly cover with thorough efficiency. Los Angeles has also maintained one inspector constantly in this valley for the last three years, inspecting the dairies furnishing the city with milk and cream. As a result, there are many dairies in this section with modern and elaborate dairy equipment, although corral milking is still done on many dairies, the product of which goes for butter-making.

Very little dairying is carried on in the counties of Santa Barbara and Ventura. The remainder of the southern counties have the product of their dairies going almost entirely into city trade for consumption as fresh milk and cream and nearly all are under regular municipal inspection.

Los Angeles maintains a force of nine inspectors, six of whom are in the country and three in the city.

San Diego has one dairy inspector who is a veterinarian, and maintains regular sanitary inspection over the hundred odd dairies supplying the city trade.

Long Beach also maintains an inspector who is a veterinarian.

The Health Officers of many of the smaller communities do the dairy inspection work themselves, and some County Health Officers do considerable of this work.

Certified Dairies

The

In Southern California we have four Certified Dairies. largest of these is in Los Angeles County and supplies Los Angeles, Pasadena and the beach towns. It comprises about three hundred head of cattle. The population is large enough to support more Certified Dairies as evidenced by the fact that one other dairy of sixty-three head is putting out a special milk, testing 5% butter fat for fifteen cents a quart, the same price as the certified is getting. Another dairy, comprising one hundred and eighty head of cows is selling their entire output as special milk for twelve cents a quart. Both of these dairies could

certify by making slight modifications in their equipment and methods, but business seems to be sufficiently flourishing with them under present conditions that they do not care to go to the added expense of certifying. Another Certified Dairy in the county would be advantageous as competition would tend to improve the service of the present one.

Riverside County has one Certified Dairy of about fifteen cows supplying the city of Riverside. The Commission has had considerable difficulty in keeping the dairy up to standard and they now have prospects of getting a wealthy resident to erect an elaborate Certified Dairy, in which event I believe they would soon stop temporizing with their present man.

San Diego County has two Certified Dairies. One comprises about seventy head of milk cows and the other about fifty head. One of these dairies is composed of pure bred Guernsey cows and is a very elaborately equipped dairy.

The keeping of the bacterial count down in Southern California where the weather is warm and the country dry is much more difficult than around the San Francisco Bay region and farther north on the coast and dairymen who succeed in doing so deserve added credit for their accomplishment.

Dr. McCleave now resumed the Chair.

President McCleave: You will notice on the program that we have tried to arrange the papers more or less in groups, and this paper and two or three following it come together in one logical group so that we will delay the discussion of these papers until they have all been read. Dr. Zahorsky, of St. Louis, has come in since the reports of the Commissions were given and I will ask him to report for his Commission at this time.

Report of St. Louis Pure Milk Commission

By John Zahorsky, M. D., St. Louis, Mo.

During the last year there were sold in the city of St. Louis 813,000 quarts of Certified Milk, an increase over last year. We have now six certified herds, two having been added during the last year.

We have also a small report to be made on the question of tuberculosis. In the past year there were 15 cows which reacted to the tuberculin test out of 510 cows which are being milked in our certified herd. This gives an average of 2.9 per cent.

It is especially interesting to know that in one herd of 95 cows there were 6 reactors. These 6 cows were purchased in New York and were accompanied by a certificate from a veterinarian, but they reacted on the first test made by our veterinarian.

In another herd of 135, a milking herd, but 1 reacted; this reactor was the first reactor in that herd for twelve years.

In a third instance, in a herd of 70 cows 8 reactors were found, 5 of which were recently purchased in Illinois. It is evident that they transmitted the disease to the other 3 which were all of his own stock. In every case you will note that the disease is brought into the herd by cows purchased. All of the animals admitted to the herd were accompanied by a certificate by either veterinarians or a reputable doctor; so that it is evident in purchasing cows that the producer has to assume the risk of the cows being "plugged" as it is called, by the veterinarian who issues the certificate.

In regard to keeping down the bacterial count, for the last two years we have tried to maintain a higher standard than the American Association of Medical Milk Commissions required, below 10,000. It has taken a great deal of trouble and work to keep it down so that we could maintain the standard of 10,000 or less; but in the last year we have maintained less than that. We can keep down the bacterial count to 500 or even less, in our dairies, even in the hot summer weather such as we have in St. Louis.

President McCleave: At the luncheon to which you are all invited, as you know, I think most of you have signed up the cards, you will be at the Bellevue Hotel the guests of the San Francisco Commission. (Dr. McCleave then gave directions as to how to reach the Bellevue Hotel.)

Our program for this conference is unique in that I think with one exception, every man who is down on the program for a paper is present to read it. Now that is due to the fact that in inviting a good many of our membership to present papers at this meeting I impressed upon them that I did not want them to give me a paper unless they were going to be here. As I say, I think that is unique. I have never attended a medical meeting where the men down for papers were present in the percentage that they are here practically almost one hundred per cent.

It is due to the men who are giving us these papers that we be prompt in our attendance at the meetings; it is a courtesy that is the least that we can pay them.

I will ask you to be here promptly at two o'clock for the afternoon's session. Do not run around after luncheon, but come right back here and be on hand at two o'clock promptly so that we may open our meetings promptly that we may be able to get through with this afternoon's program.

I will make another announcement that is not on the program that is printed; and that is, that after the meeting this afternoon we will have some automobiles here for you eastern people who are perhaps making your first visit here. We want to take you through our Park on the beach overlooking the Golden Gate, a very beautiful drive; and we will leave you at the Exposition grounds by half past five or six. You can run in and see this Milk Show, those of you who will; and then I would advise you to stay on the grounds and have your dinner and enjoy the evening there, because I presume most of you will be interested to do that. It is not feasible for the Commissions to arrange a dinner for you tonight at the grounds; but such as like to can make up little parties and you will find a number of good dining places. The Old Faithful Inn is a nice place to have a dinner and you will be right on the zone where you can enjoy yourselves in any way that you desire.

Please be here promptly at two o'clock.

The Convention now took recess until two o'clock P. M.

Reports of Commissions

Dr. Walter D. Ludlum read the Report of the Milk Commission of the Medical Society of the County of Kings, Brooklyn, New York, as follows:

Report of the Milk Commission
of the

Medical Society of the County of Kings, State of New York

We have eleven large farms now supplying Certified Milk for Brooklyn. These farms represent an investment of considerably over $600,000.

The feeling among our producers is absolutely certain that there is always going to be a demand for milk which has been made clean and sanitary in the beginning on the farm. Otherwise there would have been hesitancy in tying up this great amount of capital. Men who make milk realize often better than those who use milk what quality in milk means.

Our Milk Commission would have erred seriously if we had encouraged this great investment without a knowledge born of twelve years of study and experience, that for certain purposes nothing can take the place of clean natural cow's milk-unheated and untreated in any way.

Good basic or raw material is absolutely essential to the production of a high class finished product in nearly all lines and this is no less true of milk. It has always been the desire of the Commission to furnish the profession an absolutely reliable basic product in this milk for their use in modifying or changing to suit their desires in infant feeding or other professional work.

Some measures of our progress can be known from the fact that at the end of our first year's work we had five farms producing 175 quarts of Certified Milk daily, whereas we have only eleven farms, but with a production of over 8,000 quarts daily. This move along lines of concentration has helped us in our absolute control of the product.

We have had variable success with milking machines. One farm which has been using these machines for a year and three months still continues to give good results. Three other farms