believe that such practical safeguards do surround its production, the Milk Commission for self-protection should insist on such regular medical examinations and inspections, but they do not positively guarantee that no communicable disease will be transmitted by its product.

However, should such an accident occur evidence of regular medical examinations would go far in preserving the good name of Certified Milk. As yet no epidemic has developed on any Certified Farm but the Commission is on the alert and wideawake to the situation that the necessity may come at any day to act quickly and at once should such an unfortunate accident occur; in case an epidemic should develop on any farm shipment of milk from that farm would be stopped at once, and not resumed until every scientific measure had been exhausted in the cleaning up of that farm and not until all danger of further infection had been eradicated.

Finally, in the campaign for pure milk every agency is necessary and above all the medical profession. Education is the main spoke in the wheel of the milk wagon. Education is the key-note in the campaign for clean milk.

The Certified Milk Movement has been and is a medical movement. The medical idea is the controlling factor. The medical profession for self-defense if for no other reason should be familiar with Certified Milk, its production and its uses. Physicians should know whether it is a good thing or not; if it is a good thing then the profession should be active in its propaganda.

President McCleave: The report of the Chicago Commission certainly makes the rest of us think a bit, and ask ourselves whether we are not a little behind the times. Fortunately we can say out here that we do not have some of the troubles that you have back East. As Dr. Campbell was reading her report Í have been thinking pretty hard, and I can see from Dr. Brown's

face that she has been also.

Dr. Grace H. Campbell, Chicago, Ills.: We are not perfect yet. There are many things we would like to do.

President McCleave: Do not do any more until some of the rest of us catch up!

Dr. Grace H. Campbell, Chicago, Ills.: We would like to lead in this work.

President McCleave: You seem to be doing it surely. We will call upon Dr. Mattison next.

Report Los Angeles County Medical Milk Commission By Dr. F. C. E. Mattison, Chairman

We have but one dairy, milking on an average 275 cows a day. We have been thinking of the work that Dr. Campbell is doing, and are very well satisfied that an examination of these milkers will develop the fact that they oftentimes have tuberculosis and a few other things-but about the time that you size them up they change and go to some other dairy. They are a very shifting lot, and often they are satisfied to work just long enough to get a few meals.

The Arden Dairy experiences a great deal of difficulty in keeping good milkers, still they have one or two whom they have had for several years. The rate of pay is a little more than in the average dairies.

Our ordinary bacterial counts are relatively low. Once in a while they go over 10,000-generally due to some condition such as lack of icing of the milk. We permit them to have open sides to the milking barn, open screens. That means a certain amount of dust, but it gives also a certain amount of air, and it is better for the cattle.

Possibly we could have slightly lower counts, although our average is well within the limit; but it is better for production of milk and the cattle that they have plenty of air.

We have modern barns. We are quite well satisfied, although we do feel if we had several dairies, it might be better because it would make competition a little stronger. I think it is a good idea to have a number of dairies; but we have a very fastidious Commission. We have a couple of Health Officers on it. Whenever a dairy wants certification I never can persuade them to give it unless the dairy comes up to the best standards in any Certified Milk dairies. The rest of the Commission uphold the Health Officer members in that; what they have in mind is something better than the ordinary dairies that we have

now.

The consumption of milk is increasing all the time. They are selling more milk each year, and adding to the number of their cows. Within the next few months, Mr. Robbins states, that we will have to have about three hundred or three hundred and twenty-five cows to satisfy the demand.

President McCleave: Dr. Sedgwick, will you report for Minneapolis?

Report of

Hennepin County Medical Society Milk Commission Minneapolis, Minn.

Dr. J. P. Sedgwick: I have a report here from our Chairman, Dr. George D. Haggard, as follows:

This Commission receives its supply from two dairies formerly reported and from a third recently authorized. The 4th and 5th dairies are now qualifying.

Faults of supply have greatly diminished except that tuberculosis has appeared in each of the two herds. Former reactors were found in one dairy. A new purchase from another State of Certified animal was the source in the other dairy. Examination each six months is required in such cases and is practiced commonly at any rate.

Variations of fat content in process of bottling is very great and requires correction.

No known infections have appeared among dairymen.

The State Board of Health has agreed to make full survey regularly and health examinations of personnel of dairies furnishing all Certified and Inspected milk. This will include cultures and tests for carriers of communicable diseases. This will be free of expense to producers.

There is need of protection to titles of Certified and Inspected milk. Many dairies will represent that they sell both these when they have neither.

Misleading advertising also needs checking.

Our contracts for the year carry provision for all expenses of the Commission except time and services of the members.

There was marketed 12,000 quarts each month at the first of year; at close there was 18,000. There will be a great increase this year from advent of the new supply from added dairies. We have not advertised nor agitated at all this year.

President McCleave: Dr. Coit, do you want to report for your Commission, or do your papers include that report?

Dr. Henry L. Coit, Essex County, New Jersey: It is not necessary for me to detain you while I read Dr. McEwen's report; but there is nowhere to be found a Secretary that is more faithful than he, although he is sick. He has arthritis deformans and it is necessary to carry him from his bed to his office. When he goes to the work of inspecting a dairy, as every member of this Commission does periodically, he is carried to his automobile and carried from it in a chair as he goes about the dairy.

He is more enthusiastic than any one I have ever known in connection with this movement. I feel as if we ought to honor him by having his report read.

I am glad to hear that Chicago has begun to do what twenty-five years ago was to my mind the most important factor in this system, namely, the making of a systematic medical inspection of employees. Medical inspection of employees constitutes 40 per cent. of the effectiveness of the plan for producing Certified Milk.

Dr. McEwen's report is as follows:

Annual Report of the

Medical Milk Commission of Essex County, New Jersey

The Medical Milk Commission of Essex County, New Jersey extends greetings to her sister Commissions and begs to present herewith the Twenty-sixth report covering the work done during the past year.

The demand for a pure, wholesome and safe milk supply in this territory is as great as ever and constantly growing. The Fairfield Dairy Company finds difficulty at present in meeting this demand owing to the new requirement of the Commission that all cattle intended for Certified Milk shall be raised on the premises. The number of men employed on the plant averages about one hundred. No case of contagious diseases occurred among them during the year. The Dairy maintains twenty-four deliveries in 27 cities and townships. Certified Milk is delivered in Newark, Bloomfield, the Oranges, Verona, Caldwell, Essex Fells, Little Falls and Belleville in Essex County; Arlington, Kearney, East Newark, and Harrison in Hudson County; Garfield, Paterson, Passaic, Nutley and Rutherford in Passaic County. To accommodate its patrons the Fairfield Dairy Company has for a number of years beginning about May 21, and continuing throughout the summer months delivered milk along the Jersey shore from Long Branch to Spring Lake. About 1,000 quarts are delivered along the summer coast resorts daily. Fairfield Dairy Certified Milk sells for 15 cents a quart and ten cents a pint.

year.

Many improvements have occurred on the plant during the A pasteurizing plant has been established at the distributing station in Montclair. Here 520 quarts of inspected milk from Lounsberry, New York, are pasteurized daily and distributed as Grade A Pasteurized. This sells for ten cents a quart. A Davis Rotary Filler and a Davis Bottle Washing Machine have been installed at the same place.

As looking to the general carrying out of the principles for which the Commission stands several features have been adopted during the past year. Among them the adoption and use of Dr. Coit's Score Card for the scoring of the Dairy by the visiting members of the Commission, the collateral monthly inspections of the employees by the Attending and Assistant Attending Physicians, collateral inspections of the Fairfield Dairy herd by the Visiting