§ 3004. Direct marketing assistance within the States; allocation of funds; activities to be included in direct marketing program; consideration of consumer preferences

(a) In order to promote the establishment and operation of direct marketing from farmers to consumers, the Secretary shall provide that funds appropriated to carry out this section be utilized by State departments of agriculture and the Extension Service of the United States Department of Agriculture for the purpose of conducting or facilitating activities which will initiate, encourage, develop, or coordinate methods of direct marketing from farmers to consumers within or among the States. Such funds shall be allocated to a State on the basis of the feasibility of direct marketing from farmers to consumers within that State as compared to other States and shall be allocated within a State to the State department of agriculture and to the Extension Service on the basis of the types of activities which are needed in the State and on the basis of which of these two agencies, or combination thereof, can best perform these activities. The activities shall include, but shall not be limited to

(1) sponsoring conferences which are designed to facilitate the sharing of information (among farm producers, consumers, and other interested persons or groups) concerning the establishment and operation of direct marketing from farmers to consumers;

(2) compiling laws and regulations relevant to the conduct of the various methods of such direct marketing within the State, formulating drafts and enabling legislation needed to facilitate such direct marketing, determining feasible locations for additional facilities for such direct marketing, and preparing and disseminating practical information on the establishment and operation of such direct marketing; and

(3) providing technical assistance for the purpose of aiding interested individuals or groups in the establishment of arrangements for direct marketing from farmers to consum

ers.

(b) In the implementation of this section, the Secretary shall take into account consumer preferences and needs which may bear upon the establishment and operation of arrangements for direct marketing from farmers to consumers.

(Pub. L. 94-463, § 5, Oct. 8, 1976, 90 Stat. 1982.)

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in section 3006 of this title.

§ 3005. Review of activities by Secretary; annual report to congressional committees

The Secretary shall periodically review the activities carried out under this chapter and shall report to the Committee on Agriculture, United States House of Representatives, and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, United States Senate, within one year of October 8, 1976, and annually thereafter, with respect to the effectiveness of this chap

ter. The Secretary shall include in such report a State-by-State summary of the results of the survey conducted under this chapter, and a summary of the activities and accomplishments of the Extension Service and the State departments of agriculture in the development of direct marketing from farmers to consumers during the previous year.

(Pub. L. 94-463, § 6, Oct. 8, 1976, 90 Stat. 1983; S. Res. 4, Feb. 4, 1977.)

CHANGE OF NAME

The Committee on Agriculture and Forestry of the Senate was abolished and replaced by the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate, effective Feb. 11, 1977. See Rule XXV of the Standing Rules of the Senate, as amended by Senate Resolution 4 (popularly cited as the "Committee System Reorganization Amendments of 1977"), approved Feb. 4, 1977.

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in section 3006 of this title.

§ 3006. Authorization of appropriations

(a) For purposes of carrying out the provisions of sections 3003 and 3005 of this title, there are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary.

(b) For purposes of carrying out the provisions of section 3004 of this title, there is authorized to be appropriated $1,500,000 for each of the fiscal years ending September 30, 1977, and September 30, 1978.

(Pub. L. 94-463, § 7, Oct. 8, 1976, 90 Stat. 1983.)

SUBCHAPTER V-ANIMAL HEALTH AND

DISEASE RESEARCH

Congressional findings and declaration of purpose.

(d) Use of excess funds.

(e) Reallocation of funds to new colleges of veterinary medicine.

(f) Joint establishment or support of accredited regional college of veterinary medicine.

Research on national and regional animal health or disease problems.

(a) Authorization of appropriations.
(b) Duration of grants.

(c) Establishment of annual priority lists

for allocation of funds.

(d) Assignment of priorities for grants.

(e) Distribution of multiyear grants. Availability of appropriated funds. Withholding of appropriated funds. Requirements for use of funds. Matching funds.

Funds appropriated or otherwise made available pursuant to other provisions of law.

SUBCHAPTER VI-1890 LAND GRANT COLLEGE

3221.

(2) the agencies conducting such federally supported research were established at different times in response to different and specific needs and their work is not fully coordinated;

(3) these agencies have only been partially successful in responding to the needs of all persons affected by their research, and useful information produced through such federally supported research is not being efficiently transferred to the people of the United States;

(4) expanded agricultural research and extension are needed to meet the rising demand for food and fiber caused by increases in worldwide population and food shortages due to short-term, localized, and adverse climatic conditions;

(5) increased research is necessary to alleviate inadequacies of the marketing system (including storage, transportation, and distribution of agricultural and forest products) which have impaired United States agricultural production and utilization;

(6) advances in food and agricultural sciences and technology have become increasingly limited by the concentration upon the thorough development and exploitation of currently known scientific principles and technological approaches at the expense of more fundamental research, and a strong research effort in the basic sciences is necessary to achieve breakthroughs in knowledge that can support new and innovative food and agricultural technologies;

(7) Federal funding levels for agricultural research and extension in recent years have not been commensurate with needs stemming from changes in United States agricultural practices and the world food and agricultural situation;

(8) new Federal initiatives are needed in the areas of

(A) research to find alternatives to technologies based on fossil fuels;

(B) research and extension on human nutrition and food consumption patterns in order to improve the health and vitality of the people of the United States;

(C) research to find solutions to environmental problems caused by technological changes in food and agricultural production;

(D) aquacultural research and extension; (E) research and extension directed toward improving the management and use of the Nation's natural and renewable resources, in order to meet the increased demand for forest products, conserve water resources (through irrigation management, tail water reuse, desalination, crop conversion, and other water conservation techniques), conserve soil resources, and properly manage rangelands;

(F) improving and expanding the research and extension programs in home economics; (G) extension programs in energy conservation;

(H) extension programs in forestry and natural resources, with special emphasis to be given to improving the productivity of small private woodlands, modernizing wood

harvesting and utilization, developing and disseminating reliable multiple-use resource management information to all landowners and consumers, and the general public, wildlife, watershed, and recreational management, and cultural practices (including reforestation, protection, and related matters);

(I) research on climate, drought, and weather modification as factors in food and agricultural production;

(J) more intensive agricultural research and extension programs oriented to the needs of small farmers and their families and the family farm system, which is a vital component of the agricultural production capacity of this country;

(K) research to expand export markets for agricultural commodities;

(L) development and implementation, through research, of more efficient, less wasteful, and environmentally sound methods of producing, processing, marketing, and utilizing food, fiber, waste products, other nonfood agricultural products, and forest and rangeland products;

(M) expanded programs of animal disease and health care research and extension;

(N) research to develop new crops, in order to expand our use of varied soils and increase the choice of nutritional and economically viable crops available for cultivation; and

(O) investigation and analysis of the practicability, desirability, and feasibility of using organic waste materials to improve soil tilth and fertility, and extension programs to disseminate practical information resulting from such investigations and analyses;

(9) the existing agricultural research system consisting of the Federal Government, the land-grant colleges and universities, other colleges and universities engaged in agricultural research, the agricultural experiment stations, and the private sector constitute an essential national resource which must serve as the foundation for any further strengthening of agricultural research in the United States; (10) it is and has been the policy of the United States to support food and agricultural research, extension, and teaching in the broadest sense of these terms. The partnership between the Federal Government and the States, as consummated in legislation and cooperative agreements, and the cooperative nature of efforts to implement this policy in cooperation with the food and agricultural industry has been eminently successful. Cooperative research, extension, and teaching programs have provided the United States with the most productive and efficient food and agricultural system in the world. This system is the basis of our national affluence and it provides vast amounts of food and fiber to other people around the world. However, the food and agricultural system is dynamic and constantly changing. The research, extension, and teaching programs that support the food and agricultural system must be maintained

and constantly adjusted to meet ever changing challenges. National support of cooperative research, extension, and teaching efforts must be reaffirmed and expanded at this time to meet major needs and challenges in the following areas:

(A) Increases in agricultural productivity have been outstanding, however, productivity growth in the past decade has slowed. It is imperative that improved technologies and management systems be developed to maintain and enhance agricultural productivity in order for agricultural production in the United States to meet the demand of a rising world population, rising costs of production, and limitations on energy consumption. Improved productivity in food and agricultural processing and marketing sectors is a critical need in the national effort to achieve a strong economy.

(B) Programs to identify and develop new crop and animal sources of food, fiber, and energy must be undertaken to meet future needs.

(C) Much of the current agricultural technology is relatively energy intensive. It is critical that alternative technologies be developed to increase agricultural energy efficiency and to reduce dependence on petroleum based products. Furthermore, agriculture provides the United States with alternative potential sources of energy that must be assessed and developed.

(D) Improved management and conservation of soil, water, forest, and range resources are vital to maintain the resource base for food and fiber production. An expanded program in the area of soil and water conservation research is needed to develop more economical and effective conservation systems. Five key objectives of this research are:

(i) sustaining soil productivity; (ii) developing more cost-effective and practical conservation technologies;

(iii) managing water in stressed environments;

(iv) protecting the quality of the Nation's surface water and groundwater resources; and

(v) establishing integrated multidisciplinary organic farming research projects designed to foster the implementation of the major recommendations of the Department of Agriculture Report and Recommendations on Organic Farming, July

1980.

(E) The basic objectives of food and agricultural research, extension, and teaching programs are to make the maximum contribution to the health and welfare of people and to the economy of the United States through the enhancement of owner-operated family farms, to improve community services and institutions, to increase the quality of life in rural America, and to improve the well-being of consumers. The rapid rate of social change, economic instability, and current energy problems increase the need for expanded programs of research and extension in family financial

management, housing and home energy consumption, food preparation and consumption, human development (including youth programs), and development of community services and institutions.

(F) The challenge to meet the food needs of the world continues, but there is an increasing need to address nutrition research and educational issues associated with diet resulting from changing life styles and with respect to special groups such as the elderly, teenagers, infants, and pregnant women. (G) The greatest challenge facing mankind through the next two decades will be to produce adequate food for an expanding world population. This challenge demands a dedicated effort by the Federal Government and the State cooperative institutions, and other colleges and universities to expand international food and agricultural research, extension, and teaching programs. Improved cooperation and communications by the Department of Agriculture and the cooperators with international agricultural research centers, counterpart agencies and universities in other countries, is necessary to improve food and agricultural progress throughout the world; and

(11) long-range planning for research, extension, and teaching is a key element in meeting the objectives of this title; accordingly, all of the elements in the food and agricultural science and education system are encouraged to expand their planning and coordination efforts.

(Pub. L. 95-113, title XIV, § 1402, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 981; Pub. L. 97-98, title XIV, § 1402, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1294.)

AMENDMENTS

1981-Pars. (10), (11). Pub. L. 97-98 added pars. (10) and (11).

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1981 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 97-98 effective Dec. 22, 1981, see section 1801 of Pub. L. 97-98, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301 of this title.

EFFECTIVE DATE

Subchapter effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95-113, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 1307 of this title.

SHORT TITLE OF 1981 AMENDMENT

Section 1401 of Pub. L. 97-98 provided that: "This title [enacting sections 2271, 2661 to 2667, 3124a, 3223, 3317 to 3319, 3321 to 3324, and 3331 to 3336 of this title, amending sections 322, 361c, 390c, 450i, 3101 to 3103, 3121 to 3124, 3125 to 3128, 3151 to 3154, 3175, 3177, 3191, 3192, 3194 to 3196, 3221, 3222, 3263, 3282, 3291, 3311, and 3312 of this title, section 5315 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, sections 582a, 582a-1, and 582a-3 to 582a-5 of Title 16, Conservation, section 483 of Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, and sections 6651 and 8852 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, repealing sections 2670 and 3176 of this title, omitting section 2668 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 2281 and 3176 of this title] may be cited as the 'National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act Amendments of 1981'."