15. The National Consumers' League recognizes the power of the ultimate purchaser in the market to affect the economic and sanitary conditions under which goods are produced and sold, and it unites housewives and other purchasers in demanding fair factory and store conditions, by trading only with stores on the league's White Lists and buying only goods bearing its label.1

16. The National Child Labor Committee aims solely at the protection of children now exploited in industry by raising the legal school age and by forbidding the employment of small children, thus protecting the family group of the present generation, as well as safeguarding the next generation at a vulnerable point.2

17. The Child-Helping Department of the Russell Sage Foundation endeavors to secure laws for the protection of children, to improve the care of children in institutional homes, and to reduce infant mortality-in general, to better the condition of children.3

18. The press, which, in its relation to the household, includes the women's departments of daily papers and of religious, agricultural, and fraternal organs, and especially the household monthlies, exerts a great influence for home betterment. This influence seems likely to increase now that our schools of journalism and home economics are beginning to give definite place to training in household arts journalism. The State College of Iowa, for example, gives two courses in home economics journalism.

19. The public libraries have commonly given space to the literature of household management and its various divisions. Sometimes these books are given a special household shelf or section. It has been suggested that, with the growth of the household consulting service now beginning in various ways, an expert household consultant might possibly be placed in charge of such a housekeepers' room and reference library, at least in the large libraries.

20. The household experiment station, so far best illustrated in the proprietary "station" of Mr. and Mrs. Alfred Child, at Stamford, Conn. (formerly Charles Barnard, Darien, Conn.), may possibly be developed as a common agency for household progress, quite as the agricultural experiment stations have served in their field. Senator Reed Smoot has proposed a Federal grant of $10,000 a year to each State for scientific research in home economics at the agricultural stations.

1 Address: Mrs. Florence Kelley, general secretary, 106 East Nineteenth Street, New York, N. Y.

2 Address: The National Child Labor Committee, 105 East Twenty-second Street, New York, N. Y. Address: The Child-Helping Department of the Russell Sage Foundation, 130 East Twenty-second Street, New York, N. Y.

III. LOCAL PROGRESS IN EDUCATION FOR THE HOME.

There are presented in the following section facts of progress, taken from returns made to the Bureau of Education, as regards elementary schools and high schools, practical household-arts work in public schools, vocational classes, normal schools, and colleges.

A. PROGRESS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS.

The reports as to instruction in household arts in elementary schools are favorable in all instances except one from Oklahoma, and in that case the objection is rather to the lack of equipment than to the instruction itself. The superintendent of schools in one Oklahoma city reports "only enough domestic science to comply with the law; * it seems to me time wasted, in most cases from lack of proper equipment, crowded curriculum, poorly prepared teachers in this line, etc."

* *

Bozeman, Mont., and Baker, Oreg., have new cottages for practical work, and Cleveland, Ohio, has added infant hygiene classes in the eighth grade.

Columbus, Ga., reports work well organized in both white and colored schools, and a new domestic science center.

Monroe, Ga., reports that provision for household arts is to be made in the new school buildings; meantime beginnings are making in the mill-village and colored schools.

New Orleans, La., reports that last year 11 new domestic science centers were established.

Lincoln, Nebr., has this year increased its work in household arts by equipping a ward building in a German-Russian district with a cooking laboratory, laundry, practice kitchen, practice dining room, and a sewing room.

Trenton, N. J., gives lessons on the care of bedrooms by sending a large doll's bed to the various classrooms.

Mechanicsville, N. Y., in introducing household arts, will make it elective above the fifth grade.

Newark, N. Y., will put cooking instruction as low as the sixth grade in a school in which girls leave at the end of the sixth year.

The Enid (Okla.) superintendent reports: "I am emphasizing household arts and a knowledge of how to conduct a household in its broadest phases; I think we give too much attention to domestic science."

Philadelphia, Pa., last year increased the elementary course in cookery to two years, and in July, 1914, instruction on the care of infants was added.

Wilkes-Barre, Pa., started 30 additional elementary classes in household arts. Pawtucket, R. I., reports that special classes in the household arts were established last year for girls 12 years of age who do not expect to complete the elementary course. Rutland, Vt., reports domestic science as introduced eight years ago: "Each year we have broadened the course somewhat, and each year reached a larger number of pupils."

Whitewater, Wis., says that "after five years the interest continues excellent." 73226°ED 1914-VOL 1-22

B. PROGRESS IN HIGH SCHOOLS.

The sweep of the home education movement is well illustrated by the situation in New Hampshire, where 22 of 78 standard first-class high schools up to June, 1914, had introduced household science, and 30 more were expecting to do so in the fall, so that the State superintendent anticipates that all girls' high schools and coeducational high schools will have such courses within a few years. In North Carolina, 7 county high schools with departments of home economics had been organized up to June, 1914, and 9 similar schools were under organizations, while Virginia voted this year $30,000 for dormitories at the district high schools that offer agricultural and home-economics

courses.

Arizona reports that 16 high schools received this year State aid amounting to $10,000 for their departments of domestic science. Kansas reports 93 high schools teaching domestic science as compared with 48 teaching manual training and 333 teaching agriculture. By a rule of the Utah State Board of Education high schools must offer one-half unit of instruction in a group of courses which includes domestic science and art, and as a result nearly all high schools teach something in this field.

Caldwell, Idaho, in the high school serves members of the local ladies' club with a full-course dinner-the students planning, marketing, and carrying out the enterprise; and a plan is under way to serve a hot lunch to pupils.

Cedar Rapids, Iowa, has a Thursday afternoon class for domestic help, and reports great community interest in practical education. Daily high-school work in homemaking subjects, instead of fortnightly, has been inaugurated this year, and domestic chemistry added.

Independence, Iowa, has added a course in practical dressmaking and one in laundering in the high school.

Oskaloosa, Iowa, reports domestic science electives as growing in registration, "yet elective Latin was far more popular."

Concord, Mass., reports an increase of 50 per cent in high-school registration in household arts.

Malden, Mass., introduced a four-year high-school course in household arts.

Mankato, Minn., added a home administration course as a third year in high-school work in home making.

St. Paul, Minn., reports new high-school courses in design, millinery, camp cookery, and dietetics.

St. Louis, Mo., reports in high-school work a closer union between drawing and household arts; and special instruction provided in parts of the city where most needed, in the care of the home, purchasing of supplies, care of the sick, etc.

Barkerton, Ohio, has introduced household management in the high school.

The Harrisburg, Pa., superintendent of schools recently recommended to the board of education the rental of a dwelling house as a home-making laboratory, and the employment of "an experienced and competent woman teacher to be known as matron, whose duty it would be to have general out-of-school oversight of the highschool girls, including personal conferences.”

Spartanburg, S. C., reports that 85 per cent of high-school girls are taking the course in domestic science.

Hillsboro, Tex., reports new high-school work in household physics, chemistry, and sanitation.

Portsmouth, Va., has made two years of household arts obligatory for girls in high school; and Mishawaka, Ind., has made one semester obligatory.

C. PROGRESS IN PRACTICAL WORK.

Schools in all parts of the country report credit for home work in the household arts.

In connection with the girls' club work an effective effort to improve home conditions as regards sanitation, food, clothing, child care, etc., is going on in the 24 States where canning clubs are organized. "The tomato is the key to unlock the kitchen door," and indeed to open the doors of the whole household for home-betterment instruction.

School lunches have been organized in connection with householdarts teaching in many cities, including Gary, Ind.; Winchester, Mass.; Wilmington, Del.; Auburn, Me.; and Alliance, Ohio. Gary, Ind., is also experimenting with taking orders for sewing and laundry work, in order to give real practice work.

Orange, N. J., reports that a number of girls did work as practical cooks in private homes after school, and Virginia, Minn., has instituted a "service bureau" in connection with the schools, whereby students in domestic economy and manual training are called upon to do work in homes at a small wage per hour. This tendency to undertake wagework in households is reported in several other places. In Boulder, Colo., the girls of the sewing classes are voluntarily making garments, bed linen, and baby linen to be donated to the local hospital.

Meriden, Conn., has arranged Friday afternoon lectures before the housekeeping students, by grocers, insurance men, hardware dealers, builders, plumbers, and others, on various phases of household economy, to which the public is also invited. C. R. M. Sheppard, county superintendent of Deland, Fla., reports that a teacher has been employed for the whole county to look after club work and extension work for adults, and to conduct a circulating school of household arts; her work will be directed by the county superintendent and she will do community welfare work in the towns visited. This is a good instance of the widespread benefits radiating from the tomato-club work.

Spring Valley, Ill., reports that "actual domestic work" is done, and Shirley, Ind., that "all work has been made more practical."

Greencastle, Ind., secured equipment for domestic instruction by renting an old hotel building.

Eldorado, Kans., is emphasizing practical home work: The care and mending of clothing, care of young members of family, buying groceries and dry goods economically, making one's own clothes. Credit for home work is also given.

Saginaw East Side, Mich., added laundry work in the seventh and eighth grades; and in its evening class in household arts had one-half the class of housemaids, the other of industrial workers. The economic value of housework was emphasized in the school classes by selling cooked products, canned goods, candy, etc.

Chisholm, Minn., is to add this year a course in housekeeping, with practice in a model apartment.

Hoboken, N. J., in its high-school work in domestic science, places the buying for the cooking lessons in charge of students; students get part-time wage-earning housework in the city as there is opportunity.

Niagara Falls, N. Y., makes a special feature of practice meals in cookery lessons. Coshocton, Ohio, seems to emphasize practical undertakings: Luncheons given by class; class suppers; cooking for home orders; hat trimming; pupils going to houses to do cooking, including cooking for the sick; meals prepared for business men, board of education dinners, etc.

Elyria, Ohio, reports "more making of wearable garments," and Beaver, Pa., finds many girls becoming the buyers in their households.

Mount Vernon, Ohio, has equipped a kitchen with tubs and wringers for laundering the kitchen and dining-room linen.

Xenia, Ohio, reports that while it has not been possible to introduce household arts, demonstration lessons are given in school and repeated by the pupils in their homes, the parent-teacher association cooperating in the work.

One Ohio town has made a study of the work which girls do in their own homes, and an effort is making to give "a practical application of the teacher's efforts to the plain substantial things in cooking and sewing."

Pittsburgh, Pa., emphasizes "practical general housekeeping, to which cooking and sewing contribute," which is an instance of a new emphasis in many schools upon housekeeping and home making instead of the individual household arts, cooking and sewing, separately considered.

At Charleston, S. C., members of the domestic science graduating class of the high school took all their meals together for a week at the school, the students planning, marketing, preparing, and serving the meals.

Brookings, S. Dak., gives school credit for home work in preparing one meal per day for three months; making beds daily; doing the house laundry; also, for making a dress, waist, and nightgown; and for keeping a savings-bank account for a year with monthly deposits.

In Box Elder County, Utah, the household arts are taught in the schools; in sewing the handwork is done in school, but in cooking, theoretical work only is given in school and practical work is done at home.

D. PROGRESS IN VOCATIONAL CLASSES.

A large number of cities report the formation of classes for vocational instruction; in some cases the instruction is given in the evening. Continuation classes for housewives were introduced at Quincy Mass.; New Haven, Conn.; and Worcester, Mass. Valparaiso, Ind., reports continuation classes, and Vallejo, Cal., will open a class for adult women this winter.

Some of the reports are here given:

Sterling, Colo., reports opening adult classes taught by expert seamstresses and cooks; 'The course is great; people are flocking to these classes.”

New Haven, Conn., began in September, 1913, its trade school, with a one-year home-making course.

Waterbury and Hartford, Conn., have established evening classes for wage-earning

women.

Winsted, Conn., has afternoon and evening classes for shop girls, matrons, clerks, and others.

Farmer City, Ill., formed one class during school hours for persons not members of the school.