6. Nonresident instruction in home-making subjects with college credit, is given by some 11 institutions, notably by the University of Chicago.

7. In the State colleges and universities departments of extension work in home making have been organized in almost every such institution to reach urban as well as rural communities, to work through women's clubs, boys and girls' clubs, libraries, etc., for home betterment.

8. Recognition of household arts taught in high schools has been given by 79 colleges and universities in their entrance requirements.

P. POPULAR EDUCATION FOR HOME BETTERMENT.

(a) By Colleges and Universities:

1. The "housekeepers' conference," meeting at the college, usually for a week's session, for informational and inspirational lectures and discussions (e. g., University of Wisconsin).

2. The college "short course in home making," for a longer period, as for example, three months in length, at Iowa State College. 3. The one to three day local institute of home making, with visiting speakers from the college (e. g., University of Illinois).

4. The movable school of home making-a five-day local course, with registration, lectures, and laboratory practice, which is then moved on to another community (e. g., that of the New York State College of Agriculture).

5. The moving exhibit, arranged in a railroad car with accompanying demonstrations; tent exhibits, State fair and county fair exhibits (e. g., University of Texas).

6. County consultation work under a State college, from a farm demonstration station-an agricultural worker at present, but homeeconomics work is projected. The Indiana law directs the county agents, who are under the supervision of Purdue University, to aid in the domestic science work of the schools, and in club work, etc., which has reference to home betterment; and Purdue University assists the county agents, who are primarily agricultural experts, by sending domestic science workers to the various counties.

7. The club movement for boys and girls is often organized under the State college, as for example, the tomato clubs and the Kansas home-economics clubs.

8. Most of the State colleges and universities publish popular bulletins on home making and furnish a correspondence consultation service on household problems, thus becoming practically a State bureau of expert information.

9: "Home schools" have just been inaugurated by the cooperation of certain State colleges (e. g., Pennsylvania) and the United States Department of Agriculture, whereby a group of farm women form a

class for home study, are organized by a visiting agent, meet for allday sessions two or three times a week under the direction of their elected leader, and are supplied with the outline of a course, lecture notes, lantern slides, apparatus for cookery experiments, testing, etc., and a reference library from the college.

10. The college summer-school courses in home making, usually six weeks in length, have been taken by many home women, as well as by teachers. Notable schools are those at California, Chicago, Columbia, Cornell, Johns Hopkins, Virginia, and Wisconsin Universities, the University of the South, and Peabody Teachers College, Nashville, Tenn.

11. College instructors in home-making subjects have served wide fields through lectures before teachers' associations, women's clubs, and other local organizations.

(b) Extension Work by High Schools and State Schools of Home Making:

1. Housekeepers' conferences (e. g., Manassas, Va., agricultural high school).

others' clubs at high schools (e. g., in Baltimore County, Md., and in some city high schools).

3. Household arts classes for home women offered by high schools after school hours.

4. Club work for young people.

5. Short winter course in home making, as authorized by the Wisconsin law, giving a special grant of $200 for 16-week courses in certain high schools, to begin November 1.

(c) Extension Work by the Federal Government at Washington, D. C.: 1. The United States Bureau of Education furnishes to schools and colleges expert advice and bulletins on education for the home. The home education division of the Bureau of Education, cooperating with the National Congress of Mothers and parent-teacher associations, aims to help parents in the home education and care of their children, to aid boys and girls in their home reading, and to further the education of parents. A list of 40,000 mothers is reached by bulletins and information.

2. The United States Department of Agriculture conducts nutrition studies and publishes popular bulletins (Farmers' Bulletin series) on the selection and preparation of food, and gives information by correspondence. This division of work has just been extended by Congress to provide similar work in textiles and in household management. It has also been announced recently that the Secretary of Agriculture will seek the organization of a bureau devoted to the interests of farm women. The food-control work of the Department of Agriculture under the food and drug law, 1906, and under the meatinspection law, is also of immediate concern to the home.

3. The United States Children's Bureau studies the welfare of children, and issues, among other publications, popular bulletins on child

care.

4. The Public Health Service publishes popular bulletins on hygiene and health protection, many of them having reference to the household.

5. The Federal Government, by the Smith-Lever law, has just provided funds for distribution to the States in supporting extension teaching of agriculture and home economics under the supervision of the United States Department of Agriculture. The appropriation, beginning at $10,000 for each State, with additions in successive years, will increase until the total is about $3,000,000 annually. Each State must duplicate the Federal grant, and the funds must go almost exclusively for extension work.

(d) Betterment of Urban Homes:

1. The social settlement has emphasized the home as a center of progress for neighborhood and community; it has taught household arts, in kitchen garden classes for small children, and in cooking, sewing, millinery, and housekeeping classes for young women, and by means of mothers' clubs. The settlement is placing great reliance upon proper instruction in home making in reaching girls and young women.1

2. The visiting housekeeper or domestic teacher who visits homes to give first aid in housekeeping, first instituted by the Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor, New York, in 1907, is now employed in probably 50 communities by the charities organizations and other agencies, and is being urged upon municipal boards of health as a health measure of high importance.

3. The visiting nurse, whether school nurse or district nurse, reaches the home with an effective introduction, and has many opportunities to teach better housekeeping while caring for the sick.

4. Certain boards of education, notably that of New York City, offer popular public lectures, not to be classed as continuation education, which in their wide program include home-making subjects.

5. The housekeeping center or model flat, instituted first under Miss Mabel H. Kittredge in New York, has been established in several cities. It is a housekeeping settlement in which a flat is furnished as a model in a congested district and used as a teaching place for groups of children and mothers from the neighborhood. Preferably it is in charge of a resident teacher, though the teacher may not be in residence.

6. The Young Women's Christian Association and similar religious and social organizations have conducted excellent educational work in home making. This work is also being extended to rural districts.

1"Young working girls," Woods and Kennedy, Boston. Houghton-Mifflin Co., 1913. p. 185.

7. Popular instruction for the improvement of housekeeping in industrial communities has been instituted by industrial companies themselves, as the model housekeeping centers of the United States Steel Co.; by the Young Men's Christian Association through its industrial department; and in college extension work, as in the millvillage work of Winthrop College, Rock Hill, S. C.

Q. MISCELLANEOUS AGENCIES CONCERNED WITH HOME BETTERMENT.

1. The Patrons of Husbandry, or the "grange," a rural organization operating in over 30 States, has, from its organization 40 years ago, given attention to home-making problems in its local, State, and national meetings, and has urged education for the home.

2. The American Home Economics Association, founded in 1909, is the national organization of teachers of household arts and related professional workers, and was the outgrowth of the Lake Placid Conference on Home Economics, 1899-1908. It has many branch organizations and two special sections which deal with domestic housekeeping and institutional housekeeping, respectively; it holds annual meetings and publishes the monthly Journal of Home Economics, Baltimore, Md.

3. The National League for the Protection of the Family was organized by the late Rev. Samuel W. Dyke, of Auburndale, Mass., about 1885, to study and combat the divorce evil. Annual reports are published. The secretary's address is Rev. John L. Sewall, 11 Foster Street, Worcester, Mass.

4. The International Congress on Home Education, held first in Fribourg, Switzerland, in 1908, met at Ghent, Belgium, in 1913. A permanent office of the Congress is maintained at Fribourg (office International de l'Enseignement Ménager). This office publishes a bulletin, 1.25 franc per year. Yearly membership in the international federation, including subscription to the bulletin, is $1.

5. The National Congress of Mothers and Parent-teacher Associations is devoted to "child welfare in home, school, church, and State." The organization is an affiliation of local parent-teacher associations, mother-club circles, etc., with national officers. A national congress is held every three years. Cooperation is given the United States Bureau of Education in its division of home education. The organ of the association is Child Welfare Magazine, Lippincott, Philadelphia.

6. The International Congress of Farm Women (Cercles des Fermières), which organizes rural women, held its third meeting at Ghent, Belgium, in 1913. Affiliated with it is the International Congress of Farm Women (American), which holds annual meetings with the Dry-Farming Congress.

7. The National Housewives' League concerns itself especially with household food supplies and marketing. It has affiliated local organi

zations and national officers. Its organ is the Housewives' League Magazine, New York.

8. The Associated Clubs of Domestic Science is an affiliation of local organizations, with national officers who conduct a department in the National Food Magazine, New York.

9. The National Society for the Promotion of Industrial Education aims to aid in securing the adoption of vocational education laws and the introduction of vocational education into schools. It maintains an office at 140 West Forty-second Street, New York City, a general secretary and assistants; it holds meetings, publishes bulletins, and acts as a national clearing house for the vocational education movement.

10. The American Society for the Study and Prevention of Infant Mortality holds an annual national convention to discuss methods. of progress in its field, publishes literature, and has an information and propaganda office at Baltimore, Md. For three years one of its sections has discussed continuation schools of home making and child care as a measure of central importance in reducing unnecessary mortality of infants and has petitioned the State educational authorities of the various States for the establishment of such schools.

11. The committee of the American Medical Association on public health education among women secures the cooperation of physicians in providing popular education for women by lectures, printed material, etc., throughout the whole country.1

12. The National Housing Association unites all interested in improving living conditions as regards shelter, by popular education regarding standards of housing, formulated in municipal and State housing laws. The reports of its annual convention are a summary of problems and progress in this field.?

13. The General Federation of Women's Clubs, through its national home-economics committee, leads in the educational work for home betterment which is carried on by hundreds of local women's clubs throughout the country. The State home-economics chairmen give similar aid. Local clubs, through home-economics committees or sections, hold lectures, singly or in series, give programs of papers, aid in introducing household arts into schools, adding household books to libraries, etc.3

14. One special correspondence school in home making, the American School of Home Economics, Chicago, is worthy of note as having published a praiseworthy library of home economics and as having registered some 15,000 persons in its reading or study courses.

1Address: American Medical Association, Chicago, Ill.

2 Address: 105 East Twenty-second Street, New York, N. Y., where it maintains an office with permanentstaff.

* Address: General Federation Information Office, Portsmouth, N. H.