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to do work that is under the direction and supervision of the medical faculty of the college. The University of Michigan Homeopathic Medical College has had this requirement for two years. In the Hahnemann Medical College of Chicago there is a fifth year which is carried on by a special faculty in the medical college itself. In the fall of 1915 the premedical year becomes operative in Ohio State University Homeopathic Medical College. In the Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia, besides the work of a premedical year, carried on within its walls, a fifth or hospital year is required as a prerequisite to securing a license to practice. This is in accordance with the Pennsylvania law. Homeopathic colleges connected with universities, of which there are four, and two others by special arrangement with literary institutions, offer combined courses, making it possible for students to obtain a literary and a medical degree in six or seven years. During the year 1913-14 there were in attendance. at these colleges 941 students. This is the largest number since 1907, when there were 18 colleges instead of 10.

It is the aim of homeopathic colleges to educate physicians in the broadest acceptation of the term, rather than specialists or scientists. The council on medical education of the American Institute of Homeopathy has made no attempt to grade teaching institutions on a classification basis, but endeavors so to improve and equip them that every one will give the highest grade of medical teaching and training. The colleges of the homeopathic school report to the council on medical education of the American Institute of Homeopathy; this organization is therefore the only private source from which reliable data. with regard to them may be secured. The function of the council is to insist upon an acceptable standard being maintained in each college, which shall harmonize with the laws in the States wherein the colleges are located.

HOSPITAL INSPECTION AND GRADING.

The council on medical education recognizes that the necessity is. soon to arise for a graduate to have one year of hospital experience before a diploma, or at least a license to practice, be granted him. Thus it is necessary to have the hospitals which are to undertake this work of finishing the student's training properly equipped and conducted. The council is now engaged, through a committee appointed for the special purpose, in the work of hospital inspection and grading which is to indicate the suitability of a given hospital to receive and train properly educated men and women for medical practice. A minimum scale and requirements have been adopted to which all must conform. A report of this work will soon be issued. The council of education has under way a survey of the medical practice of each State in order to determine the approximate propor

tion of its inhabitants employing homeopathic practice. This survey has been completed in one of the typical large States with the result that approximately 35 per cent of the population are reported as employing the homeopathic system of practice and 48 per cent are not unfavorably disposed toward it.

HOMEOPATHIC MEDICAL RESEARCH.

The earlier transactions of the American Institute of Homeopathy dealt almost exclusively with the work of drug testing on the healthy human body, which is one of the fundamentals of the homeopathic system, and continued attention is still given to this field.

This work of the study of drug action has been placed by the national organization in the hands of a special committee or board known as the American Institute of Drug Proving, which is incorporated under Federal laws. The members of this board are at present as follows: Dr. J. B. Gregg Custis, Washington, D. C., member of the board of medical supervisors of the District of Columbia, chairman; Dr. E. H. Wolcott, Rochester, N. Y.; Dr. George Royal, Des Moines, Iowa, professor of materia medica and therapeutics, Homeopathic Medical College of Iowa State University; Dr. W. A. Dewey, professor of materia medica and therapeutics, Homeopathic Medical College, University of Michigan; Dr. John P. Sutherland, Boston, Mass., professor of theory and practice of medicine, Boston University School of Medicine; Dr. Rudolph F. Rabe, New York, professor of materia medica, New York Homeopathic Medical College and Flower Hospital; and Dr. Benjamin F. Bailey, Lincoln, Nebr. The committee is carrying on the work of drug testing at the present time.

There have been recently equipped, in connection with two homeopathic colleges, large laboratories for the purpose of work in the field of drug proving, and another is about to open.

There has also been much work done in other laboratories connected with the homeopathic schools. The question of vaccines is at the present time receiving much attention, with special reference to the action of the various preservatives in the manufacture of these substances, a question that has agitated the homeopathic school for several years.

LIST OF SCHOOLS.

The introduction to the "Educational Report of the Council on Medical Education of the American Institute of Homeopathy for the Years 1912-13" states:

The council on medical education desires to present to the profession a report of the teaching institutions of the homeopathic school of medicine. This report is based upon actual inspection and investigation made by members of the council, in company with representatives of State boards and organizations of our own school of

medicine, and while all the data obtained, for instance, lists of laboratory apparatus, etc., are not here presented, we believe sufficient is given to show that the colleges of the homeopathic school of medicine not only are fully equipped to give comprehensive and thorough medical education, but add to this general medical education a knowledge of treating and curing the sick on scientific, or what is equivalent thereto, homeopathic principles.

The list of institutions described in this report, with a summary of the enrollment figures revised for 1914, is as follows:

Students in homeopathic medical colleges, 1913-14.

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CHAPTER X.

RECENT PROGRESS IN LEGAL EDUCATION.

By HENRY M. BATES,

Dean of the Law School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.

CONTENTS.-Previous reports on legal education-Improvement in law schools-Law schools versus law offices in legal training-Requirements for graduation-Content of the law-school curriculum-Teaching practice and procedure-Methods of teaching-Admission to the bar-The association of American law schools-The Carnegie Foundation inquiry.

PREVIOUS REPORTS ON LEGAL EDUCATION.

The Bureau of Education has published annually statistics relating to law schools, and these indicate, in outline at least, the main development of formal legal education in this country. But not since 1893 has the bureau published any comprehensive report concerning the nonstatistical aspects of legal education. In that year the Bureau of Education, as a part of a cooperative arrangement with the committee on legal education of the American Bar Association, published in its annual volume the admirable report of the committee, which it is understood was in the main written by the late Dr. Hammond, of St. Louis. In resuming the publication of some discussion of the statistical material and in commenting upon the tendencies and needs of legal education, it is hoped to provoke more general discussion of this important subject, and thus to aid in the many movements that during the last few years have been making for a marked advance in the standards of legal education in the United States. In view of the long interval since the last report of this nature, it seems wise this year to treat the statistical matter only in a general way and to stress the lines of general development in this field, pointing out wherein the greater changes have come, indicating the defects in legal education as it exists to-day, and making some suggestions as to changes and possible improvements for the future.

The report of 1893 was devoted mainly to (1) a statement of the requirements for admission in the law schools of the country; (2) a statement and discussion of the subjects treated in the curricula of the law schools of the country; and (3) to an extended and scholarly discussion of the desirability of a more systematic treatment of law in legal education and in law books. It is proposed now to comment upon these three topics with the purpose of showing the changes in

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