even a capital letter, while that of D. B. Loomis, of Stillwater, stands at the head of the list in the largest type used on his adverising page.

The chief performance of "Chaskarack" remembered by the old settlers is a visit he made to the Legislature one day when he was as full as even the customs of those early days permitted. In some way he got into the 'Speaker's chair and undertook to run the House. It was rare fun for some of the members, but others didn't like it and sent for the soldiers. "Chaskarack," hearing of this, scattered a pocketful of silver broadcast over the floor, saying, "Here's your pay. The House is adjourned.' Vincent died in St. Paul in March, 1852.

THE ST. ANTHONY EXPRESS.

One day in April, 1851, Elmer Tyler, a tailor of St. Anthony, proposed to Isaac Atwater, a young attorney, to buy a press and start a newspaper if Atwater would edit it. His reason for doing this was that the two sides of the river at the falls would one day have ten thousand people, and he thought it was time to make St. Anthony better known. Atwater considered the idea preposterous, but finally consented to edit the paper if Tyler would buy the outfit and run it. That was the beginning of the St. Anthony Express, the seventh newspaper started in Minnesota.

Tyler got everything ready, and Atwater began to write his editorials. It was a four-page, seven-column, Whig paper, published weekly, and its first issue was May 31st, 1851. The Express was the first paper printed in Minnesota outside of St. Paul. Tyler soon got out beyond his depth. Atwater then had

Tyler soon quit,

to advance money to keep the venture afloat. and Atwater had the paper on his hands. August 2nd, 1851, Woodbury and Hollister succeeded him as publishers. May 28th, 1852, George D. Bowman arrived from Pennsylvania, and Atwater arranged with him to edit the paper so that he could have more time to devote to his rapidly increasing law business.

August 5th, 1855, Atwater resumed control of the Express, and the politics of the paper became Democratic. March 29th, 1856, D. S. B. Johnston became associate editor, his first editorial being entitled "Parties and Factions." His name does not appear in the paper, however, until August 23rd, 1856, his Democracy being on trial. In August, 1857, D. S. B. Johnston and

Charles H. Slocum purchased the paper from Judge Atwater, Johnston becoming editor, and Slocum publisher. In the fall of 1860 Slocum retired and Johnston went on alone until the latter part of May, 1861. Then the Express carried Johnston under the waves that followed the hard times of 1857; and, since he "came up," Minnesota journalism, until he began this series of papers, interested him no more.

The wrecked outfit was sold to Hon. John L. MacDonald, of Shakopee, who started the Shakopee Argus with it. Johnston lost nearly four years of time that were pretty valuable in those hustling days, and Atwater says he is still about three thousand dollars short on the venture.

HON. ISAAC ATWATER.

Hon. Isaac Atwater was graduated from Yale College, and studied law, in which he has taken high rank. He was elected associate juctice of the Supreme Court at the first election held after Minnesota became a state, and still resides in Minneapolis, universally respected by all who know him. Journalism was more of a recreation from the onerous exactions of his profession than otherwise, and proved about as profitable as Horace Greeley's farming. He was an easy, fluent, effective writer; and Major Hotchkiss, doubtless, still feels the sting of many a keen shaft that came across the river from the editorial sanctum in St. Anthony.

George D. Bowman was born in Wilkesbarre, Pa., March 11th, 1827; was educated at Bloomsburg (Pa.) Academy; and edited the first paper published in Schuylkill county. He came to Minnesota May 28th, 1852, and became editor of the St. Anthony Express, as already stated. He was afterward connected with the Atlas of Minneapolis. Returning to Pennsylvania in 1861, he established the Clinton County Republican at Lock Haven, Pa. He was then appointed register of the U. S. Land Office at Mesilla, New Mexico, and afterward went into the banking business at Las Cruses, N. M., the firm being George D. Bowman and Sons. He died at Las Cruses, April 27th, 1903.

It has been said that Charles Hoag first suggested the name Minneapolis for the west side of the river at St. Anthony Falls, instead of Albion, which the county commissioners of Hennepin

county had selected. An interview with Daniel L. Payne, who at that time was working on the St. Anthony Express, was published shortly before the death of Payne a few years ago. In this interview Payne said that during a meeting called at the office of Col. John H. Stevens, to see if a better name than Albion could be found, Colonel Stevens suggested that Minnehaha be compounded with the Greek word polis in some way. Bowman suggested dropping "ha" from the combination, making the name Minnehapolis. Payne advised dropping the other "ha," leaving Minnepolis. The conference ended by taking “hah” from Minnehaha and attaching polis. Minneapolis was the result. The combination of polis with Minnehaha was no doubt first suggested by Charles Hoag and seconded by Colonel Stevens ; but the exact way in which the combination was made was probably as stated by Payne. Bowman advocated the name so persistently that is was finally adopted.

D. S. B. JOHNSTON.

I suppose it is due to a correct account of early journalism and its editors that I should sketch my own history. I was born in South Bainbridge (now Afton), New York, May 17th, 1832; prepared for the Hamilton College sophomore year at the Delaware Literary Institute in Franklin, Delaware county, New York; but, instead of entering college, began teaching school in 1849, and continued teaching in my home county, Chenango, until the spring of 1855.

I came to St. Paul July 20th, 1855, and shortly afterward opened a select school on ground subsequently occupied by the Minneapolis Exposition building in St. Anthony (now the east part of Minneapolis); became connected with the St. Anthony Express in March, 1856, and was afterward its half owner; began the insurance business in 1864, and followed that until 1874; then organized a farm loan business, which was incorporated in 1885, with $300,000 capital. We loaned about two and a half million dollars for eastern investors. In 1898, upon our purchase of nearly 477,000 acres of Northern Pacific Railroad lands, the company became a land company exclusively, under the name of D. S. B. Johnston Land Company. Of this I am president, and my two sons, Charles L. Johnston and A. D. S. Johnston, are vice president and secretary.

THE MINNESOTIAN.

The Minnesotian was the eighth newspaper begun in the Territory. The first issue was dated September 17th, 1851, and was printed in a small building at the corner of Fifth and Jackson streets, where the Galena House was afterward built. It was owned by a company. John P. Owens, formerly associated with Major McLean in running the Chronicle and Register, became the editor, and John C. Terry, publisher. It was a four-page, seven-column paper, and as intensely Whig as the papers of Goodhue and Colonel Robertson were Democratic in politics.

The issue of January 10th, 1852, had George W. Moore associated, and the management was Owens and Moore. Owens was editor, and Moore business manager. This paper was first published in the little Chronicle office on Fifth street, corner of Jackson, but in 1853 was removed to the northeast corner of Cedar and Third streets. Here May 11th, 1854, the Daily Minnesotian, a seven-column paper, was issued. May 22nd, 1854, H. P. Pratt became equally interested with Owens and Moore in the publication of the Minnesotian, but Pratt died May 8th, 1855. May 11th, 1857, the daily enlarged to eight columns; and Oct. 19th Dr. Thomas Foster purchased the interest of Owens and the management became Foster and Moore. January 1st, 1858, the daily went back to seven columns; and May 11th, following, it resumed its eight-column edition. November 25th, 1858, J. Fletcher Williams, afterward secretary of the Minnesota Historical Society, became local editor of the paper.

December 17th, 1859, the Minnesotian and Times consolidated, the Minnesotian and Times Printing Company being proprietors, and Newson, Moore, Foster and Co., publishers. Eight columns was the size of the consolidated paper, and the concern moved from the corner of Third and Minnesota streets to the old Post Office building on Bridge Square. March 15th, 1860, the combination dropped to six columns, because, as it says in that issue, 31 Democrats and 16 Republicans had agreed to give the state printing to Holly and Brown. June 21st, 1860, notice of dissolution of the combination Minnesotian and Times was published by the Times, with the statement that the Times would thereafter be published and edited by T. M. Newson, the same as before the consolidation, and that the Minnesotian joint stock

company, with Thomas Foster as agent and editor, would also continue, George W. Moore having retired.

The two papers were thus separately run in the two stories below the street level in the old Post Office building until January 1st, 1861, when the material of the Times was purchased by William R Marshall, and on January 27th the material of the Minnesotian. The plants of both were used to start the St. Paul Press. The Minnesotian closes the record of newspapers established during 1851.

DR. THOMAS FOSTER.

Dr. Foster was born May 18th, 1818, in Philadelphia, Pa. He was educated as a physician, but early abandoned the medical for the editorial profession. In 1836, when eighteen years old, he became editor of the Wilkesbarre Advocate, a Whig paper. In 1837 he returned to Philadelphia, and became news editor of the Philadelphia Public Ledger. After leaving that paper, he served in various journalistic capacities, until 1848, when he became secretary of the Pennsylvania State Committee, of which Hon. Alexander Ramsey was chairman. On President Taylor's election he was made secretary of the Electoral College, and when Mr. Ramsey was appointed the first Territorial Governor of Minnesota, Foster went with him as his private secretary.

August 21st, 1851, Dr. Foster made a claim to government land near Hastings, Minnesota. He was the first man to settle there after the treaty was made with the Sioux Indians at Mendota. Afterward, for a time he was physician to the Upper Sioux, with location near Sleepy Eye village. October 19th, 1857, he purchased the interest of John P. Owens in the Minnesotian of St. Paul, and remained its editor until January 27th, 1861, when the plant was purchased by William R. Marshall and combined with the Times, as has been stated, to start the St. Paul Press, which is now a part of the Pioneer Press.

Dr. Foster was a delegate to the convention to frame the constitution of the State of Minnesota, being the only Republican chosen from Ramsey county. At the second state election, when Alexander Ramsey was elected governor, Dr. Foster again became his private secretary. During the war, Dr. Foster was assistant commissary of subsistence, and was stationed most of the time at Indianapolis, Indiana. After the war, he returned to