The American Standard of Living and World Co-operation

for Immigration According to President Lincoln. First Asiatic Migration to Pacific
Coast. Atlantic Coast Immigration. New Migratory Industrial Movement.
The Italian Immigrant and His City Home Life. Boarding Boss" System of
Living. Standard of Living Among Italians. Authors Favor Restrictive Immigra-
tion to Maintain American Standard of Living. Agriculture a Solution for Immi-
gration.

CHAPTER IV

GRADUAL TREND Toward RESTRICTIVE IMMIGRATION

American Federation of Labor Favors Restriction to Maintain American

Standard of Living. John Mitchell Urges Protection of Workmen by Restriction

of Immigration. Immigration Commission Favors Restriction of Immigration to

Maintain Standard of Living. President Cleveland Vetoes Proposed Literacy

Test Measure. Woodrow Wilson Believes Immigrant Should Become a Home

Maker. Causes of Migrations of Peoples. Further Advocacy of Restriction of

Immigration to Maintain the Standard of Living. Organized Labor Favors

Restriction. President Taft Vetoes Immigration Bill owing to Literacy Clause.

President Wilson Twice Vetoes Literacy Test Immigration Measure. Department

of State Flooded with Inquiries from Foreign Governments about Pending Immigra-

tion Act. The Italian Government upon the Passage of the Burnett-Dillingham

Bill Opened Government Night Schools. Relations with Oriental Countries

Owing to Latitude and Longitude Clause.

CHAPTER V

INFLUENCE OF LIMITATION OF IMMIGRATION ON OUR FOREign Relations

The Republican Party in 1920 favors Restriction of Immigration to Maintain

Standard of Living. Educators and Authors Favor Restriction for the Same

Reasons.

First Suggestion of Limiting Immigration by Percentage Allowance.

Suspension of Issuance of Passports by Royal Italian Government upon Pas-

sage of Immigration Law in the House of Representatives. Influence of Percentage

Law on our Foreign Affairs. Extensive Hearings held prior to the Passage of the

Percentage Immigration Act of 1921. Italy directs its Nationals to Brazil. Italy

and China favored Devising Methods for Detection of Criminals' Records at Ports

of Embarkation.

Selective Immigration Policy advanced by Educators. Dillingham Percentage

Bill substituted for Johnson Measure.

Percentage Immigration to Protect the American Standard of Living. Legis-

lators favor Pending Percentage Immigration Law.

Percentage Law Resisted by Certain Governments.

Foreign Relations

affected by Percentage Law. Several Steamship Lines have closed Trans-

portation Business, owing to a Practical Suspension of Immigration.

Difficulties attend Negotiations to compel Foreign Countries to Receive back

their Nationals. Requirement of Foreign Passport places Control of Immigration

in other Nations Hands.

Determination of Nationality of Persons by Birthplace and not by Residence,

Results in Strange Complications. United States Consular Service in Europe

concerned with two Antagonistic Policies. Difficulties with Foreign Governments

regarding Passport Clauses. Unsettled boundary lines a cause for confusion.

Objections raised by Foreign Governments relative to bills providing for Examina-

tion of Aliens by American Consulates. Further restrictive Measures proposed

and Discussed at Committee Hearings.

CHAPTER VI

CALIFORNIA, The Battleground FOR CHINESE EXCLUSION

Chinese Flock to Pacific Coast about 1850.

Standard of Living a Cause for Anti-Chinese Sentiment. Anti-Chinese Agita-

tion Renewed at the Ratification of the Burlingame Treaty. Angell Commission

Successfully Negotiates a New Treaty. Twenty-Year Exclusion is " not reasona-

ble" to the President. First Chinese Exclusion Acts. Chinese Dissatisfied with

Treaty. Massacre of Chinese at Rock Springs. Outrages Against the Chinese at

Bloomfield and other Towns. Memorial in opposition to the Chinese. Outrages

Against the Chinese in Alaska Territory. New Treaty Drafted. Restrictive

Scott Act of 1888. Constitutionality of the Scott Act. Further Representations

from China regarding the Scott Act. Ten-Year Exclusion by the Geary Act.

Vigorous Representations from Chinese regarding Geary Act. New Immigration

Proclaimed. Termination of the Geary Act. Refusal of China to continue

Immigration Treaty.

CHAPTER VII

THE STANDARD of Living in Japan and Conflict Between THE SAN FRANCISCO-

SCHOOL AUTHORITIES AND THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

Standard of Living. Cost of Food. Expenditure for Clothing. Expenditure

for Housing. First Opposition to the Japanese. San Francisco School Board

Controversy. Second School Board Resolution. The Department of State

Initiates Action to Placate Japan. Roosevelt Threatens California with the

Entire Power of the Civil and Military Forces of the United States. Interpreta-

tion of the United States-Japanese Treaty of 1894. Points at Issue Raised by the

Japanese Government. The Federal Government Files two Actions to Enforce

the Treaty with Japan. The Mayor of San Francisco and Party Confer with the

President at Washington. Conclusions Regarding the " Schoolboy Incident."

Different Standards of Living of the Americans and Japanese Influence the Passage

of the Immigration Act of 1907.

CHAPTER VIII

CONFLICT BETWEEN CALIFORNIA STATE LEGISLATION

AND NATIONAL TREATY OBLIGATIONS

The "Gentlemen's Agreement." Introduction of Anti-Japanese Bills in California

Legislature. Treaty of Commerce and Navigation negotiated between the United

States and Japan in 1911. Negotiations regarding Magdalena Bay Lands. United

States Senate takes Cognizance of Magdalena Bay. Alien Land Holding Legisla-
tion and its Influence on International Relations in 1913. Secretary Bryan's Visit
to California. The Japanese Ambassador Protests against the Legislation. Anti-
Alien Bill becomes Law. Japanese Government Considers that the Act is Dis-
criminatory. Replies of Secretary of State Bryan. Diplomatic Discussion
Continues. Organized Labor's Opposition to Oriental Immigration. Views of
Immigration Commission and Others. Views of Representative Men. Japanese
Exclusion on the Pacific Coast an Explanation of Korean Exclusion in Japan.

CHAPTER IX

ANTI-ALIEN LEGISLATION IN THE WESTERN STATES

Alien Land Measures in Oregon and Idaho. Exclusion Act of 1917. Revival

of Magdalena Bay Negotiations. The "Picture Brides." Renewed Agitation for

Exclusion. Viscount Ishii Pleads for Cessation of Racial Discrimination. The

Opinions of Senators Regarding Viscount Ishii's Utterances. Adoption of " Yoshi'

and "Yojo" in California. Report of State Board of Control. Japanese Appeal

to Home Government. Views of a Few of the Witnesses Called by the Congres-

sional Committee. The 1920 Anti-Alien Land Initiative Measure. Standard of

Living is one Reason for Exclusion of Yellow Races. Proposed Drafting of New

Treaty with Japan. Protests against a Treaty with Japan. Alien Poll Tax Law

of 1921 Held Unconstitutional by Supreme Court of California. Portion of 1920