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IRON AND STEEL STRUCTURES-Continued.
Proposed Impact Formula....
Principal Classes of Secondary Stresses.
Secondary Stresses in Typical Trusses..
120
121
123
Stresses in Plane of the Truss Due to Rigidity of Joints.....
Trestle Towers and Lateral Bracing Between Chords of
122
Trusses
126
Bending Stresses in Vertical Posts Due to Deflection of
Floor Beams
Stresses in Floor Beams Due to Longitudinal Deformation of
Chords
127
Variation of Axial Stress in Different Elements of the Same
Member
128
Stresses Due to Vibration of Individual Members..
129
Impact
Conclusions regarding Secondary Stresses.
General Considerations
The Elastic Limit......
The Deadload Working Stress.
The Liveload Stress....
Future Increase in Load..
The Liveload Unit Stress...
Comparison of Results from Different Formulas.....
Comparative Effect of Present Specifications and Pro-
posed Formulas on the Capacity of a Bridge to Carry
Increased Liveload
Working Stresses for Compression Members..
130
131
132
133
134
135
WOODEN BRIDGES AND TRESTLES-Continued.
Foundation of Duluth Coal Dock.....
Foundation of Steel Ore Dock, Duluth, Missabe & Northern..
Foundation of Yesler Wharf Pier, Seattle, Wash.......
Use of Lag Screws for Fastening Guard Timbers to Ties on
Decks of Wooden Trestles......
Standards in Use on Various Railways.
MASONRY
Cost and Method of Constructing Concrete Piles...
Appearance, Wearing Qualities and Cost of Surface Finish
of Concrete
194
196
197
203
213-232
214
Design of Foundations for Piers, Abutments, Retaining Walls
and Arches in Various Soils and Depth of Water (not
Formulas for Determining Pressures on Foundations....
Pile Cut-Off; Proper Depth of Foundation to Avoid Frost
230
Action
TIES
233-270
Effect of Tie-Plates and Track Spikes on Life of Cross-Ties.
Specifications for Cross- and Switch-Ties...
233
240
fying Similar Dimensions for No. 1 Cross-Ties...
247
Use of Metal, Composite and Concrete Ties...
Use of Substitute Ties on Foreign Railroads.
260
Handling Freight in Double-Deck Freight Houses and Cost
Recommendations for the Design, Construction, Maintenance
and Operation of Railroad Track Scales.....
287
Unit Pressures Allowable on Roadbed of Different Materials.
Prevention and Cure of Water Pockets in Roadbed.... . . .
The Profile of Quantities......
314
315
317
The Overhaul and Distribution Diagram...
322
BALLAST
Efficiency of Various Stone and Gravel Ballasts.
Methods and Cost of Applying Ballast................
The Economical and Efficient Depth of Ballast.
Stone Ballasting by Contract......
Gravel Washing Plant, Brookhaven, Miss..
323-368
323
325
346
354
357
364
TRACK
369-392
Economics of Track Labor....
Relation Between Worn Flanges and Worn Switch-Points...
Specifications and Designs for Cut and Screw Spikes......
Typical Plans for Double-Slip Crossings, Double Crossovers
and Guard-Rails ....
370
373
376
385
Test of Tie-Plates Subject to Action of Brine Drippings.....
Conclusions
Methods for Reproducing Maps and Profiles on Drawing
Linen for Permanent Record..
419