product. This is why wool-growing is still so much of a frontier enterprise.

The heaviest exporters of wool are the newly developed and as yet sparsely settled lands of Australia, Argentina, New Zealand, South Africa, and Uruguay. These countries produce fine wools; coarser grades, for carpets, come from China, India, and western Asia. Though the world wool trade centers in Europe, the port of Boston ranks second among all markets.

The weaving of cloth from wool was one of the earliest industries developed in this country. A few English families settled in Rowley, Massachusetts, built a mill there in 1643, and were the first to make woolen cloth in America. Laws

were early passed in New England to promote the woolen industry, and to this day our woolen mills are largely centered in the North Atlantic States.

It is an odd fact that, although the United States uses from 550 to 750 million pounds of wool a year, it has no public wool market, like the Chicago or Kansas City grain and meat markets. Nearly all this huge pile of wool is bought by private agreement.

Though any future expansion of the sheep industry will be at the cost of cattle and wheat production, the growing world will insist on more sheep. The human race wants wool; and to-day's clip is hardly more than sufficient for present needs.

TO carry out the purposes for which it was founded forty years ago the National Geographic Society publishes this Magazine. All receipts are invested in the Magazine itself or expended directly to promote geographic knowledge.

ARTICLES and photographs are desired. For material which the Magazine can use, generous remuneration is made. Contributions should be accompanied by an addressed return envelope and postage.

IMMEDIATELY after the terrific eruption of the world's largest crater, Mt. Katmai, in Alaska, a National Geographic Society expedition was sent to make observations of this remarkable phenomenon. Four expeditions have followed and the extraordinary scientific data resulting given to the world. In this vicinity an eighth wonder of the world was discovered and explored-"The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes," a vast area of steaming, spouting fissures. As a result of The Society's discoveries this area has been created a National Monument by proclamation of the President of the United States.

AT an expense of over $50,000 The Society sent a notable series of expeditions into Peru to investigate the traces of the Inca race. Their

discoveries form a large share of our knowledge of a civilization waning when Pizarro first set foot in Peru. THE Society also had the honor of subscribing a substantial sum to the expedition of Admiral Peary, who discovered the North Pole. NOT long ago The Society granted $25,000, and in addition $75,000 was given by individual members to the Government when the congressional appropriation for the purpose was insufficient, and the finest of the giant sequoia trees of California were thereby saved for the American people.

THE Society is conducting extensive explorations and excavations in northwestern New Mexico, which was one of the most densely populated areas in North America before Columbus came, a region where prehistoric peoples lived in vast communal dwellings and whose customs, ceremonies, and name have been engulfed in an oblivion.

TO further the important study of solar radiation in relation to long-range weather forecastings. The Society has appropriated $60,000 to enable the Smithsonian Institution to establish a station

for four years on Mt. Brukkaros, in Southwest

Africa.