12 per cent. in Limburg, to 30 per cent. in Holland proper. Of thirty-eight centres of over 10,000 inhabitants, one (Delftshaven) has doubled, seventeen have increased more than 25 per cent., and twelve others have increased from 10 to 25 per cent, during the same period.—Science, April 23.

THE SWINE-BREEDING INDUSTRY.-The great importance of the swine-breeding industry is evident, as we consider that there are about 47,000,000 hogs during the summer season in the United States. The number annually slaughtered is about 28,000,000, and the consumption is estimated at 70 pounds to each inhabitant, or 4,000,000,000 pounds. The annual exportation of 25 years, including hogs with pork product, has been 530,000,000 pounds. The average weight of swine dressed was 175 pounds. The value of hogs annually slaughtered in the United States is estimated by J. H. Dodge, Government Statistician, at $393,570,000.— The Stockholder.

DURING the last year California produced in raisins over 9,000,000 pounds, or nearly three times as much as in 1884. She also sent to market last year 1,500,000 pounds of prunes, 1,823,000 pounds of apples, 1,900,000 pounds of peaches, 1,139,ooo pounds of plums, 650,000 pounds of apricots, 2,250,000 pounds of honey, 1,250,000 pounds of walnuts, and 1,000,000 pounds of almonds.-Christian at Work, April 22.

RAILROADS.

CHEAP TRANSPORTATION.-The two things which, above all others, the public sentiment of this country has most imperatively demanded, in connection with railway operations, are first, cheap transportation; and second, an avoidance of unjust discrimination. The first is the most essential element of the success and existence of a very large proportion of all the industrial operations now pursued. Without it millions of the real laborers of the country would be in the condition of men stricken down with paralysis. It is the main spring of active exertion, and the creator of possibilities of satisfactory success in the existing fields of agriculture, mining, manufacturing and commercial effort. Myriads of American trade speeches have been made which merely gave utterance to the thought. that the greatest of all American needs was cheap transportation. Thousands of millions of money have been spent by companies and governments chiefly for the purpose of cheapening the cost of transportation. The ends served are so numerous and important that it would be impossible to fully describe them, and it is scarcely an exaggeration to say that the beneficial influence derived from cheap railway transportation alone has been of more real consequence than all other influences combined in building up a very large proportion of all the existing American industries. No fact is more clearly established than that American railways do an immense amount of the cheapest land freight carriage ever performed in the world. This carriage is, indeed, much the greatest and much the cheapest industrial operation in this or any other country. It does just what the American people have most imperatively needed and demanded, and does it so thoroughly that no rational cause for complaint on this score has been left to captious fault-finders. There can be but one opinion in intelligent circles in regard to the response of American railway companies to the demand of the American people for cheap transportation. The companies have not only met every reasonable requirement, but they have surpassed every rational anticipation.-Railway World.

INCREASED RAILROAD BUILDING.-If the country has too many railroads, the railroad managers have not found it out, for they are projecting more with unusual zeal. The Rock Island boasts that it is going to add 700 miles of road; the Burlington is engaged in paralleling essential parts of the St. Paul system; and it is reported that the Northwestern is about to launch a loan of $20,000,000 for extension building. Whether the Chicago strike was or was not settled without any concession to strikers, it was settled, and the Missouri roads are able to publish a very satisfactory report of their condition and prospects. Railroad managers may not realize it, but the fact that the moral influence of the Knights of Labor has been greatly crippled, and the confidence of the public and of the men themselves in the organization seriously shaken, while thousands of railroad workers are now out of employment, is one of importance in estimating the cost of operating railroads in the immediate future. In time the building of new roads will hurt other railways, just as the completion of the Lackawanna line now diverts trade from older Eastern trunk lines, but the immediate effect of railroad building is to give increased employment to a great many branches of industry. Cheap money thus creates business of a certain sort, though it may prove a very much disguised blessing in the end.-N. Y. Tribune.

PROTECTION TO RAILROADS.-Well may the railway companies ask for what they pay vast sums in taxes if protection against violence is not afforded them. The leaders of the great railway organizations begin to realize that they have invoked a power which they are not able to control. The little stream which began to trickle through the banks of the mill pond has grown into a rushing torrent which threatens to sweep away property, law and life along its rapidly widening course, and few in authority seem to have courage to stand against it. If the railway managers yield to the monstrous demands for the removal of honest and industrious employes, against whom no charge is made except that of not belonging to an organization which proposes to enforce its demands by strikes, then the torrent will sweep on and no railway, manufacturing, mercantile or other interest will be safe from the tyranny of organized, uneducated and unprincipled laborbecause the worst elements will thus be in the ascendency, and the fair-minded, law-abiding, intelligent men like Mr. Powderly, Mr. Arthur and others prominent in labor organizations, will be swept away like chaff on the flood. The mob will rule and society and government and religion will be carried onward to destruction.-Railway Age..

FINANCE AND COMMERCE.

EXEMPTING FACTORIES FROM TAXATION.-The Southern States which have,
like Louisiana, shown their interest in the establishment of new manufacturing
enterprises by exempting them from taxation for a number of years, have forced
New England for its own protection and to keep its factories at home to adopt a
similar provision. The plan of encouraging new enterprises has become epidemic
in the East also during the last few years. At the recent charter elections in New
Hampshire, held only a few weeks ago, fifteen towns voted in favor of the tax-
exemption of certain industries established within their limits. New Jersey has
followed suit with a bill "to encourage the establishment and development of me-
chanical and manufacturing enterprises," which contains substantially the same
exemption provision as that in our own constitution. Grave doubts have been ex-
pressed as to the advantages of this provision, especially in a section like New
England, already full of factories; but the result is said by the New Hampshire
and Maine papers to be entirely satisfactory, many new, if small, industries being
already established. In consequence, towns which seemed to decay have since
been rejuvenated and become leading places for business and population because
of the inducements held out by them in the way of tax-exemption. By adopting
this system, which was first offered by the Southern States on a large scale, New
England confesses that the step taken here was the right one. Louisiana has
never, it is true, secured all the good results it was entitled to on account of the
liberal exemption it offered for the investment of capital in manufactories. This
exemption has never been properly advertised outside of the State, and in very few
of the almanacs, geographies, or similar books is any reference, made to it. We of
Louisiana should secure the same benefits from it as the New England States are
doing, and would if the liberality of the State in this matter was better known.~
New Orleans Times-Democrat.

NATIONAL DEBTS.-The immense debt shouldered upon the United States by'
the great civil war is being so rapidly reduced, in spite of necessary and unneces-
sary expenses, that, if unforeseen difficulties do not arise, the close of the century
will find only a small proportion of it remaining. As for Canada, although she is
a rather new and not very populous country, she is not behind in the matter of
debt. Considering the number of inhabitants and the opportunities they have en-
joyed, her present government has been active enough in piling up obligations,
and were these lavish statesmen to continue in power a few years longer, they
would finally leave us hopelessly mired in the swamp of national bankruptcy; but,
as there is no prospect of the Dominion having to endure such a fate, we may
confidently look forward to a time when our public affairs shall be administered
according to the principles of true economy, and then, with our constantly devel-
oping resources, some of these liabilities may be disposed of. In great Britain the
pay-as-you-go policy introduced some years since by Mr. Gladstone prevents Par-
liament from contracting debts for posterity to settle, but other European nations
dispose of all the money obtainable without regard to the prospects of honest pay-
ment. Among the countries taking this course France is easily first. Disastrous
wars and unwise civil expenditures have constantly increased the enormous debt
left as a legacy of the struggle with Germany, until the amount now reaches one
thousand millions sterling, with no immediate prospect of material reduction.
Here, however, as in nearly everything else they do, the strong and weak points
of French people appear side by side. The government spends money as though
it cost nothing whatever, and the consequent burden upon all classes is painfully
heavy; but they manage the matters so that the creditors of the French nation are
French citizens, and a large proportion of the funds paid out as taxes come back
in the form of interest.—Nova Scotia Morning Chronicle, April 19.

GOLD GOING ABROAD.-Last week $2,220,838 gold went abroad, the French
loan being the attraction. Government increased its net gold $629,822, silver
$611,154, and legal tenders $2,512,571, in part because of the withdrawal of $1,-
000,000 bonds held for bank circulation. The New York banks reported a loss of
$1,788,100 in reserve, but still have a surplus of over $13,000,000, and money on
collateral is abundant. A loss of reserve in the third week of April prompts un-
pleasant memories. In 1878, the reserve increased only two weeks after the turn-
ing point in April and then declined, and the stagnation in business and the fail-
ures of that year are not forgotten. In 1879 the rise in reserve after the turn in
April continued five weeks, and ten weeks in 1880, and seven weeks in 1881, and
four weeks in 1882, and thirteen weeks in 1883. But in 1884 there was a decline
in reserve after April 1, and that year was disastrous. In 1885 the rise lasted eight
weeks, but this year, after one week of increase, the reserve stood halting for a
week and now has turned downward. Of course the causes are complicated. But
one is obvious; the imports at New York for the past three weeks have been $25-,
356,226, an increase of 10.7 per cent. over the same week last year, while the ex-
ports for the three latest weeks have been only $15,887,741, a decrease of 13.4 per
cent. compared with the same weeks last year. The exchanges outside of New
York reflect only the hesitation of business which labor disturbances may naturally
cause. Though Boston and Philadelphia exchanges continue much larger than a
year ago, the increase at Chicago last week was only 12 per cent., at St. Louis
only 3.8 per cent., at New Orleans there was a loss of 11 per cent., and at Balti-
more a loss of 16.7 per cent. There are again some symptoms of anxiety less Con.
gress should prostrate business by acting on the tariff, but the general belief is that
nothing will be done.-New York Tribune.

PROSPERITY HINDERED BY DISPUTES.-If the opening of spring has not brought the
revival of business activity that was hoped for, the reason is certainly not in the actual
condition of the country and its resources. It is impossible to overlook the mani-
fold indications of a business vitality that is only held in suppression by the fear
of some sort of artificial interference with the smooth and regular operation of the
laws of trade. It is not the uncertainty of the market that makes manufacturers
timorous; it is the uncertainty of the conditions under which they will be able to

In

their friends and their friends' friends, until at last the Wednesday receptions of the amiable hostess in question have come to be in a large degree receptions of the descendants of the Tribes. Strengthened by this victory, and having gained fresh help as they progressed, thanks to their obliging ways and their lavish hospitality, the Israelites returned to the attack of the Faubourg Saint-Germain, and this time their efforts were not unsuccessful, and their hopes run high for the future of their campaign. Why should not Israel place on the brows of its daughters all the old ducal crowns that it pleases and as it pleases? The disappearance of privileges, the hazards of fortune, the fusion of interests, the frequency of mesalliances, have destroyed caste in France. Why seek vainly to keep up a spirit of caste? general terms the above is an exact account of the conquest of Parisian society by the new Jewry. The existence of the Rothschilds and of the Cahens d'Anvers, for instance, is reasonable enough, and there is nothing to be said against the Jews as Jews, inasmuch as nothing is more respectable than the position which their activity and intelligence enable them to acquire. On the other hand, nothing can be more absurd than to see a vulgar Jewish millionaire, with a pronounced German accent, aping the manners of a grand seigneur and aristocrat, who is the product of many generations of culture and of traditions and prejudices based precisely on those institutions of feudalism and chivalry which are essentially hostile to the traditions and institutions of Israel. Can we imagine anything more grotesque than a parvenu dressing his valets and grooms in a livery copied from that of the old court of Versailles, and organizing in the forests of Fontainebleau and Saint-Germain, still peopled with the shades of Henri IV and Louis XIV, staghunts and boar-hunts with all the pomp and circumstance of the royal hunts illustrated by the brush of Oudry and by the historical tapestries of the Gobelins? But it is vain to protest against such trifles as bad taste and want of tact. The Israelites are rapidly winning their way to the front rank in Parisian society, and the only thing to do is to submit to the invasion with good grace. It is too late to resist. Only a few months ago, when the subscription Saturdays were started at the Opera Comique, the Prince de Sagan and the Vicomte de Turenne were charged with recruiting subscribers for the boxes. "Pas de Juifs, sauf les Rothschilds!" Such was the word of command. But it was all in vain Those subtle Israelites made private arrangements with the nominal tenants of certain boxes, and so they figure in the best seats quand meme.-Theo. Child, in the Fortnightly Review, April.

A

in-lawhood? And again, is it not rather unreasonable in a young man to object to
her who has had the greatest share in molding the character and training the hab-
its of the one woman he has chosen from all others to be his companion for life?
How strange it is, when one looks the question in the face, that a lady, who is con-
sidered harmless enough until her children marry, should after that happiest of
family events be elevated to such a painful pedestal of disagreeableness. As a
matter of fact, in spite of all that novelists and playwrights have written, the
mothers-in-law of sons generally get on with them far better than with their
daughters-in law. There are plenty of instances in every one's knowledge where
men are deeply attached to their wife's mother, and she to them, but it is not every
daughter-in-law who really becomes a daughter to her parents by marriage. She may
at the same time be on excellent terms with her father-in-law, so much so that one
may hazard the supposition that in every position in life people of opposite sexes
get on best together. The mother-in law is often prone to think no girl is good
enough for her darling boy, and thus begin her new relationship with a prejudice
which the daughter-in-law, confident in the love her husband bears her, may do
nothing to dispel. A greybeard once remarked that it would save half the family
squabbles of a generation if young wives would bestow a modicum of the pains
they once took to please their lovers in trying to be attractive to their mothers-in-
law, and the advice might be followed with advantage in many cases. As a rule,
it may be said that sons or daughters-in-law who complain of their wife's or hus-
band's mother are not themselves such good husbands or wives as they might be.
A man who has a cranky, fractious temper may let off his venom on his mother-in-
law because he dare not or cannot vent it upon any one but his wife or her mother;
and in the same way a young married woman who fails in controlling her servants,
who lets Master Tommy overeat himself, and who runs into a thousand foolish
extravagances, may lay every disagreeable to the door of her mother-in-law-the
upset in the house, the child's illness, and the increase in the bills. There
are other points of view from which the luckless relationship of mother-in-law
might be studied, but it may help many in making life smoother to look at the mat-
ter with a calm judgment, and simply attend to St. Peter's advice "to be courteous,"
remembering that "when the judgment is weak the prejudice is strong.”—Cas-
sel's Family Magazine.

SENSITIVENESS.-The sensitive plant, that shrinks from the touch, is rightly re-
garded as occupying a high place in the vegetable world. When its delicate
leaves are seen drooping from contact with the finger, we might fancy it gifted with
a sort of consciousness, by which it cannot only feel and perhaps suffer, but also
visibly attempt to withdraw from suffering. It is an interesting object to notice,
whatever may be our speculations in regard to it, and we naturally have strong
interest in a plant so curiously endowed. Some men and women in our most civ-
ilized communities seem to be very much akin to this little shrub. Their one dis-
tinguishing characteristic is sensitiveness. They are easily hurt, easily irritated,
easily offended. They translate every touch, however innocent or even friendly,
into an intent to trouble or annoy them. They are constantly fancying slights,
suspecting insults, imagining ridicule, dreading censure. Of course, they have
their fair share of real grievances to deplore, and when to these are added the
countless imaginary ones which a morbid fancy suggests, we cannot wonder that
they are in continual distress, and, if we cannot accord them our respect, we should
not refuse them our sympathy. It seems somewhat strange, however, that any one
should plume himself upon so unfortunate a disposition; yet such is often the fact.
People who thus suffer attribute it to no morbid or suspicious temperament, but to
an acute sensitiveness, of which they are rather proud than otherwise. They con-
ceive themselves to be of finer grain than their more cheerful and trusting neigh-
bors. They are quicker to notice, keener to feel, and therefore exposed to suffer-
ings that a coarser or duller nature will never be troubled with. On this account
they claim more consideration. They think people should be specially careful not
to wound or vex them, because they are so sensitive. What would be only ordi-
nary behavior to most persons they esteem cruelty to them, because of their deli-
cate organization. What is still more remarkable about this class of persons is that
their sensitiveness exhausts itself upon themselves. We might suppose that, with
feelings so acute, they would be extremely careful of the feelings of others; yet
such is not usually the case. Indeed, some of those who claim the most on this
score give the least. With all their keen susceptibility to suffering they do not
hesitate to inflict it heedlessly upon those around them. Their imagination, active
enough in their own behalf, fails utterly in behalf of others. Keen and acute on
one side, they are dull and apathetic on the other. Alive to the least slight or ne-
glect shown to them, suffering from the smallest unkindness, wounded by a forget-
ful or a thoughtless action, they can yet speak hard and cruel words, show open
scorn, or scatter scathing rebuke without apparently any appreciation of the pain
they bestow. Is sensitiveness, then, so fatal a gift that we should prefer to be dull
of comprehension? No faculty is ever better for being dull, but when it is only
sharpened by selfishness its mission remains unperformed. It is then only a means
of personal pain, whereas its true purpose is a wide and general diffusion of happi-
ness. This purpose, however, cannot be fulfilled unless we interpret truly its mes.
sages. A healthy sensitiveness accepts the pain which it must bear as a wholesome
medicine, not dwelling upon its bitter taste, not upbraiding those who hand it, not
regarding it as a permanent evil, but simply using it for self-improvement. At the
same time it gladly welcomes all the pleasant tidings which are thus brought to
knowledge. It is as keen to feel the good as the evil, and finds it in much larger
proportion. It is a poor, one-sided sensitiveness that feels only the cold winds of
neglect or criticism or displeasure, and is dead to the sunny influences of kindness,
esteem, sympathy, and love. If the same sensibility that now quivers under the
one be but quickened to receive the other, life will have far happier days in store
than it has yet disclosed. Above all, acute sensibilities are intended as a direct
means of inspiring generous impulses and cultivating a benevolent character.
They are no longer a torment but a blessing to him who is always sensitive for
others as well as himself. The pleasure and pain he feels, and the sources to
which he traces each, are his continual guides to show him how to diffuse the one

IN DEFENSE OF MOTHERS-IN-LAW.-The sympathy of the world with those who happen to have the infliction of a mother-in-law does not diminish as the world grows older. Only recently this sympathy was manifested by the acquittal of a prisoner in a Paris poisoning case, owing to the counsel for the defence representing him as a victim of his mother-in-law's malignity. From time immemorial the mother-in-law, a term which is somehow always construed to denote the wife's mother, has been a subject of caricature and vituperation all the world over. son-in-law once satirically remarked that one of the reasons why Adam and Eve were so supremely happy in their terrestrial paradise was that no mother-in-law existed in their day; and ethnologists and antiquarians both sustain the argument that directly the mother in-law came into existence a train of miseries originated, which, however severe, have happily not yet driven the sterner sex to a universal vow of celibacy. To support the idea that mothers-in-law have never been favorably regarded, ethnologists tell us that a singular custom, which enacts that a man shall never look upon the face of his mother in-law after he is once married, prevails amongst numerous savage peoples apparently widely sundered by geographical distribution and differences of race. The custom obtains among the Caffres of South Africa, among several of the Australian tribes, and among many Polynesians, a fact which some people assume to point to a common origin of these races, but which others look upon as testimony of the existence of a natural law, as a piece of wisdom indigenous to each of these countries, and the direct growth of individual experience. The custom being found in such widely-separated continents as Africa and Australia, is considered as proving that it must have been suggested by some common necessity of human nature, and reasons are not wanting to show why savages discovered it was better for a man not to look upon his mother-in-law. Primarily, say the supporters of this theory, because his mother-in-law was a picture in anticipation of what his wife was likely to be. Before marriage, a man's mind may not be open to the cold processes of comparison, but afterwards he begins to consider what sort of a bargain he has made, and if his mother-in-law has not improved with age, the ghastly possibility of his wife becoming like her rises before him. Hence these savage tribes prescribed the rule that never after marriage should a man see his mother-in-law, and this in time became a social law or custom. It has been more than once flippantly suggested that this lesson of a venerable experience might be accepted and the custom adopted here, whilst others, equally regardless of social and other consequences, have advocated the institution of a kind of suttee arrangement, which should bind the British matron by social propriety to close her mortal career upon her daughter's marriage. Apart from the suggestion only being available in cases where one daughter alone blessed a marriage, there is the more important consideration that to eliminate mothers-in-law altogether from society, even if it were possible, would be most disastrous in its effects. Is her presence really always so disagreeable, so baneful to enjoyment? Is her advice never needed? The world has always sided against her; it does not stop to consider the double characteristics of legal maternity which are involved when both sons and daughters marry; it still persists in viewing her only in her character of wife's mother, and repeats and revivifies from time to time all the malicious denunciations or witty epigrams that have become associated with her name. Thackeray even, who, with his large knowledge of the world and of the human heart, might have been expected to be more lenient to the unfortunate race of mothers in-law, goes out of his way to draw the horrible Mrs. Mackenzie, pitying his sweet, silly little Rosie and the much-injured wives of her acquaintances, without reflecting that they might in their turn become mothers-in-law. Does not this fact suggest food for reflection to the young husbands of to-day, who a quarter of a century hence may find their loving wives unavoidably drifting into mother

and to mitigate the other in his intercourse with mankind. Nothing is more selfish than a narrow, one-sided, self-pitying sensitiveness; nothing more ennobling than a sensitive spirit keenly alive to all good influences, and delighting to use them for the welfare and happiness of mankind.-Public Ledger, April 24.

CURIOUS POSTAL GLEANINGS.-Many curiously addressed letters in poetry and prose have passed through the post. Several of the rhyming directions are remarkable for the poetical skill displayed by the writers. The best example we have noted is the following, addressed by Bernard Barton, "the Quaker Poet," to Sir Walter Scott during one of his visits to London :

"Sir Walter Scott, in London or elsewhere;

He needs not ask, whose wide-extended fame
Is spread about our earth, like light and air,
A local habitation for his name."

Charles Dibden, the popular naval song writer, in 1802 sent a letter to Mr. Hay, the comedian, bearing an address as follows:

We have seen it stated that in consequence of a wager, a letter some years since was posted in the provinces, and was duly delivered in London. It bore four lines

country. There is not a year when hams and bacon do not bring higher prices in some great pork-producing counties of the West than they do in New York. There are Southern counties where the watermelon grows so easily that the small boy scorns to steal it, yet in some towns in these counties a watermelon costs twice as much as in any Northern city. There are cattle-ranches in the West where milk, when there is any, brings 50 cents a quart, and great grain farms on the prairies whose owners never in their lives tasted an ear of sweet corn. And, coming back to shad, there are times when these fish are running up our own river by tens of thousands that a breakfast of shad costs more than one of beefsteak, although the shad comes right to town and needs only to be taken from a net, while the beef has to be fed at least three years and then brought half-way across the continent by rail. No, there's nothing singular about it, except in the fact that where food products most abound human nature seems most incompetent to make full use of its opportunities. America is, above all others, a land of plenty, but no one would imagine it after looking at a price-list of family supplies.-N. Y. Herald.

THE RIGHT KIND OF BANK.-Down with the little toy savings bank! I believe it teaches children to be selfish. I hate to see a child, a sweet, innocent child, with dimpled hands and a laughing face, clutch the penny or the nickel you give it close in its little fingers, and run first to drop it into the greedy, miserly savings bank," and then come back to thank you. We teach the child to be selfish when we give it a penny to drop in the missionary box and fifty cents to buy a toy for itself; to dole out a penny a week for charity and keep the savings bank rattling full. But haven't I a savings bank in my home? Indeed, I have; and I'd like to see you or any other man, except one of my dear friends, the Vanderbilts, pour money into the top of that savings bank as fast as the prince can draw it out at the bottom. That's the way to run a bank. Make her useful; milk her. "Mr. Speaker," said the California legislator, "may I ask how much money there is in the State treasury?" The Speaker estimated about $40,000. Then," said the member, "I move to rake her." What good does the money do locked up? If you don't spend it, some alderman will get hold of it.-Burdette.

ORES AND COAL IN THE ORIENT.-Upper Burmah receives, or used to receive, most of its copper from China and Yunnan. Copper ores are found in Momn and the Shan States, and are, to some extent, smelted. The export trade of copper from Rangoon consists merely of worn-out copper vessels originally brought from China. Most of the gold used in Burmah is imported from China. The local production is derived from washings in the Upper Irrawaddy, the Hukung, the Kyendwen, and their respective tributaries. The amount obtained appears to be not very considerable. Platinum occurs with the gold in several of these localities, and is said to be well known to the Burmese, who call it by a name signifying white gold. Coal is known to exist, and is even worked to some extent at Thungadaw, on the Irrawaddy, seventy miles above Mandalay; at Shuaygu, below Bhamo; at Membalung, in the Shan States, east of Mandalay; in the Yaw district, southwest of Mandalay, &c. It is found also' at Pagan and Shimpagahı.— Building.

EDUCATION OF THE INDIANS.-I believe that every Indian child not belonging to the civilized nations should be educated and taught agriculture or some trade or useful occupation at the public charge. This policy, pursued for ten or fifteen years, will relieve us of the Indian question. We shall have no Indian wars with tribes whose children are in our schools. Full citizenship should be granted, and as fast as possible, without too great violence to the habits and prejudices of the Indians, lands in severalty.-Senator Hoar, of Massachusetts.