to rival in some degree the American Exchange. A couple of loan and trust companies of Kansas have each taken $10,000 worth of stock in the concern. It is said that less work was done on the Clyde during the month of August than in any other corresponding month for sixteen years. Ship-building in Britain appears to have been fairly overdone, and the business is likely to be slow for some time. In this country, on the Delaware, there appears to be more than the average number of vessels under construction and contracted for. Miss Harriet E. Colfax, a cousin of the late Schuyler Coxfax, has been for twenty-five years keeper of the lighthouse at Michigan City. The taxable property of the colored people of the South is now $92,000,000, against about $20,000,000 in 1872.

The Black Hills produced in the last ten years not less than $25,000,000 in gold, silver, and base bullion and placer gold, an annual average of $2,500,000. The annual capacity of the rolling mills in this country in finished iron and steel is virtually the same now as in 1884, being 7,600,000 net tons in 1884 and 7,613,000 tons in 1886. One explanation is that the increased rolling capacity of the steel works has supplanted the rolling capacity of iron rolling-mills. Another explanation is that many of the iron rolling-mills which have not yielded to the aggressions of steel have had no inducement in the prices obtained for their products to increase their rolling capacity. From the last statement issued by the Mint Bureau it appears that the silver dollars coined under the Bland Act have reached a total of $239,000,000, which is about equal in amount to the gold coin and bullion held by the Treasury. A well-known capitalist sat down to play a game of cards with the president of a railroad company. After the game was finished, the president unfolded carefully a piece of brown paper, wrapped up the cards, and returned them to his pocket. "A person of so economical a turn of mind must manage his railroad sagaciously," thought the capitalist, and the same day he bought a thousand shares of the railroad's stock. The investment proved very profitable, for the stock has been rising ever since. Mr. Potter Palmer

said recently to a friend: "I like Mr. Vanderbilt-because he was generous to himself. Most rich men are stingy to themselves." The exports of wine from California for the first half of this year amounts to over 1,000,000 gallons in excess of the same period in 1885, and have almost doubled those of the first half of 1884. The Disston Land Improvement Company is reported as doing some marvelous work in Florida in redeeming thousands of acres of land and making it available for agricultural purposes. The stock of the Dalcoath tin mine at Camborne, near Cornwall, England, is worth $35,000 a share, although the face value is but $250. According to the report of the Department of Agriculture the wheat crop will be from eighty to ninety million bushels greater this year than last, and the corn crop is estimated 1,600,000,000 bushels. The importation of eggs, poultry, and game to England from America has amounted to more than $15,000,000 the past twelve months. The Bureau of Statistics find that for seven months up to August 1, 1886, our imports of iron and steel and manufactures thereof, not including iron ore, amounted to $24,667,403 as against $17,860,679 for the same period last year. The relative increase in quantity was much greater because there had been considerable decline in prices.

MUSIC AND DRAMA.

THE SCIENCE OF CRITICISM.-Every newspaper which hopes to exercise a beneficial influence upon the public taste must, of couse, be steadfast to a high standard in its criticisms. To say this is not to say that any rational critic, however exalted his views, will demand or desire an interminable series of Shakespearian performances, or require that every play shall be conformed to classic models. There is and must be room upon the stage of a great city for all sorts and conditions of pieces, the gay and lively as well as the grave and severe. It is not more reasonable to demand that all dramatic entertainments shall be of a solid and thoughtful character than to require the public to confine itself to an exclusive diet of roast meat. Both generosity and hygiene suggest an ample bill of fare in which a place shall always be found for lighter and less nutritious viands, sometimes even for merely superfluous sweets and flimsies. But it is the business of the tasting critic to see and report whether the thing offered is at least decently good of its kind, whether it is free from absolutely obnoxious matter, and whether it is so concocted as to excite nausea in a fairly robust stomach. The critic who thus performs his duty may sleep in the peace of a quiet conscience, knowing that if any of his clientele of readers poison or sicken themselves with bad plays the blame does not attach to the point of his faithful pen. On the other hand, the foolish writer, who allows himself to be turned into a tout for every purveyor of cheap dramatic entertainment, is soon found out, and goes into the black book of the judicious both as a humbug and an enemy of the human race.—Boston Advertiser.

NOTES. The total cost of the Wagner representations at Bayreuth this summer was about $45,000. The receipts amounted to about $3,000 more. "Tristan " drew just half as well as "Parsifal," the average number of seats sold for the latter being 1,280. Henry E. Abbey's friends will be glad to know that he has at last paid off the last considerable amount of the heavy debt he incurred in the Italian opera venture at the Metropolitan Opera House. He brought $50,000 as his profits on the Bernhardt venture when he returned from South America three weeks ago, and he has another $50,000 on the way from the same source. This $100,000 not only lifts him out of debt but leaves him a handsome surplus. Hubert Reis, the celebrated composer and director of the Berlin Royal Orchestra, is dead. Christine Nilsson is not yet married, notwithstanding the report constantly circulated in American papers to the contrary. I saw a letter from her this week dated the 22d ult., in which she said: "We are still waiting for the dispensation of the Pope." - Miss Calhoun, granddaughter of John C. Calhoun, who came over to London two or three years ago and went on the stage where she achieved some success, has had a play written for herself which is founded upo

the life of Charlotte Corday. She proposes to bring it out in America this winter. The statue of the composer Berlioz will be unvailed on October 17. Ambroise Thomas, on behalf of the Conservatoire, and Henri Delaborde, representing the Academy of Arts, will deliver the orations. On the same day a tablet will be placed on the house in the Rue Calais in which Berlioz died. The clever imitation of Mr. Irving by the American actor, Mr. Dixey, has resulted in the writing of a new burlesque of Faust by Mr. Joseph Tabrar, expressly for Mr. Dixey, in which the latter gentleman is to travesty the popular tragedian upon a far broader scale. J. L. Hatton, the popular English composer, is dead, at the age of seventy-seven. He was the author of over 150 songs. Miss Mary Anderson is going to play six nights in Dublin for the benefit of the fund for the Charleston sufferers. Lotta's latest biographers say that the actress' fortune easily reaches a million, and that she has lost and been swindled out of fully a third as much. She has prudently put $400,000 in United States bonds and the rest is invested in real estate. Society is astonished, says the Boston Home Journal, to find that Mr. Edwin Booth is a charming and delightful man. For years he has been considered morose and moody, never caring to make the slightest effort to be agreeable to any but his few intimate friends. Within the past year he seems to have turned a new leaf, so that now it is a very great pleasure to meet him in society. Sir Arthur Sullivan has completed the orchestral score of his new work for the Leeds (England) Festival. The libretto is founded on Longfellow's "Golden Legend." Mrs. James Brown Potter is in favor of erecting a theater for the exclusive use of amateurs, and will help the enterprise with her counsel, but she does not propose to build it herself nor to manage it The Paris Figaro speaks

of Miss Ada Rehan as the American equivalent for Sarah Bernhardt, of Miss Edith Kingdon (now Mrs. George Gould) as the American equivalent for Madame Judic, and of Mr. James Lewis as the American equivalent for M. Coquelin. Franz von Suppe, composer of "Fatinitza" and "Boccaccio," is writing a new comic opera, "Belman," which will shortly be produced at the An der Wien Theater, Vienna. The much-talked-of General Boulanger has sagaciously directed his attention to the songs of the French people, and ordered that the national air for the French soldiers shall be "Mourir pour la Patrie." Lohengrin " is to be produced twelve times in the spring in Paris, at the Eden, under the auspices of the chef d'orchestra, M. Lamoureux. The French people, however, are by no means disciples of Wagner, and to ease the expected losses on the Wagner nights, the off-nights are to be devoted to French opera and music festival.

LITERARY.

Both

NOTES.-About 30,000 persons attended the recent celebration at Kilmarnock of the centenary of the first publication of Burns's poems. Mrs. Oliphant is writing a series of articles to appear in the Century during the coming year, describing some of the celebrated men and women of Queen Anne's reign. Tennyson and Browning will soon issue new poems of important pretentions. Robert Buchanan has completed the second part of his poem, "The Earthquake." The first part was written in America before his illness. Barnett Smith's biography of the Queen is nearly ready. Earl Carnarvon publishes in October a translation of the first twelve books of the Odyssey. Zola's coming novel deals with the life of French railway employés. It appears as a feuilleton in Gil Blas. The North American Review has engaged Wade Hampton to write upon South Carolina's industries. Wilkie Collins is much improved in health. Wills and Dubarry are writing a modern society drama, the central figure of which is a new Lady Tartuffe. Dr. Lewenfeldt, of the Breslau University, has written, in three large volumes, a life of Ivan Tourguenief, the great Russian novelist. A Russian edition is in course of publication. -The "War Papers" published in the Century Magazine are to be brought out in book form. The widow of Mrs. Paul Hamilton Hayne, left in destitute circumstances by her poet husband's death, is to be cared for by loving Southern friends. Miss Cleveland has contributed to the October Chautauquan a paper on "Woman in the Home.” Miss Jeannette Gilder, editor of the New York Critic, has been seventeen years. a journalist. The November number of Harper's will conclude its seventythird volume.. Lounger in the Critic says: Walter Crane's new book for children is called "A Romance of the Three Rs." I wonder if the Rev. Dr. Burchard has furnished the letter press to Mr. Crane's illustrations, or were that gentleman's three Rs too stern a reality to be called a romance? Inspector Byrnes has written a large volume on the " Professional Criminals of the United States," and Cassell & Co. will publish it next month. The work will be embellished with 250 heliotype portraits taken directly from the original photographs in the Rogues' gallery. Restive and talented Comte de Paris is engaged on a biography of the Comte de Chambord, which will be ready about Christmas. The work opens with an appeal to Frenchmen to oppose the republic. Madame Adam got, as editor of La Nouvelle Revue, $6,000 a year salary and $2,000 a year more for entertainment expenses, etc. -James R. Osgood, of Boston, now of London, says that London

is becoming rapidly Americanized, and that in a very few years Englishmen will speak through their noses. Mr. George Bancroft reached his eighty-sixth birthday on October 3. When his wife was alive it was during many years the historian's custom to give a birthday dinner. This year, upon his birthday, Mr. Bancroft will be entertained at dinner by Mrs. John Jacob Astor. Representa

tive Rockwell, of Massachussetts, says that agricultural colleges are proper enough, "only they have a tendency to draw young men away from the farms." Bishop Fowler, of the Methodist Church, now traveling in Central America, writes to a friend in Chicago glowing accounts of the Argentine Republic, in which country he spent several weeks. He believes that its soil is the most fertile in the world, and predicts that in the next twenty-five years it will be a formidable competitor of

the United States for European trade. Thus far 55,000 copies of Gen'l Logan's book, "The Great Conspiracy," have been sold. The fourth edition, with some additions, will be printed in November.

BOOKS OF THE WEEK.

Owing to the bewildering variety recently introduced into the size and form of printing paper the old designation of books, as 4to, 8vo, 12mo, dc., gives little indication of size; we shall therefore, in order to be of most service to our readers, give the measures of books in inches and quarters, the number first given being the length. We shall also add the number of pages and kind of binding.

THE FULL STATURE OF A MAN, by Julian Worth, 74x4%. $1.25. D. Lothrop & Co., Boston. This book has, besides the merit of being "transfixed with a purpose," a quality which is found wanting in most novels nowadays. The author has decided opinions upon certain of the social questions of the day-labor, socialism, church going, and other topics-and he discusses them in the story with a good deal of sharpness and ability, without making them obtrusive. He deals with the labor question, not in the way of argument, but by showing the results of long hours and low wages upon laborers and industrial workers, and tracing their reflex action upon the community at large.

CASSELL'S "SELECT" LIBRARY OF ENTERTAINING FICTION. 6x4%. Paper covers. Price, 15c. Cassell & Co., New York. This week brings two volumes of this library to our table, "The Great Gold Secret and Other 'Stories," and "Checkmated and Other Stories." These stories are fully up to the high standard, and for a pleasant hour's reading one can heartily recommend them.

A LEISURELY JOURNEY, by Wm. Leonard Gage, 6x44. $1.00. D. Lothrop & Co., Boston. A tale well told of a year and a half's wandering by the author and his wife through England and the continent. Mr. Gage writes in a peculiar vein of originality which makes "A Leisurely Journey" well worth the reading.

INFLUENCE OF CLOTHING ON HEALTH. By Frederick Treves. 74x4%4. 75c. Cassell & Co., New York. Is a scientific treatise of much interest on a question which interests every civilized being. It presents some interesting, and to the mind of the author, correct theories.

THE AGE OF ELECTRICITY. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. $2.00.

THE LABOR MOVEMENT IN AMERICA. Thomas Y. Crowell & Co., New York.
TALES OF SIXTY MANDARINS. Cassell & Co., New York. $1.00.

THE OCTOBER MAGAZINES.

THE FORUM (The Forum Co., New York), appears this month with a strong and interesting array of timely topics, all discussed by writers who are recognized authorities in their respective flelds. The success of The Forum is not to be wondered at, as there are few magazines known to the world which are more readable or more con-, scientiously made. It contains this month among others, an article on "The Convalescence of Faith," by W. H. Mallock; "Americanisms in England," by Bishop A. C. Coxe; "Heart of Speculation," by John F. Hume; "College Athletic Sports," by Prof. C. A. Young; "How I was Educated," by J. R. Kendrick; "The Fisheries Dispute," by W. C. Ford, and "Shall Sunday be Preserved," by Prof. Newton Smyth.

THE NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW (New York) comes to our table this month filled from title page to finis with matter, every line of which is readable to an intense degree. Its leader is upon arbitrations, an able article, by Prof Richard T. Ely. Following this, we find "An American Queen," by Gall Hamilton; "Silver and the Savings Banks," by Willis S. Paine, LL. D.; "Cremation and Christianity," by Allen Gilman Bigelow; "Labor in Pennsylvania," by Henry George; "Mr. Blaine on the Tariff," etc., etc

.OUTING (The Outing Co., New York). There is no magazine which comes to our table which brings with it such delightful recreation. It is a rest to peruse its pages so full of life and action. We look for its coming each month as bringing an "outing from the cares of the editor's table. It is full this month of bright sketches and wellwritten articles.

WIDE-AWAKE (D. Lothrop & Co., Boston). The fame of Wide-Awake will not be dimmed by the October number, which is just before us. It is, typographically and artistically, the handsomest magazine for young people in the world, and there are thousands of its boy and girl readers who are ever ready to prove it the most interesting. THE PANSY (D. Lothrop & Co., Boston). What Wide-Awake is for the older boys and girls Pansy is for the little ones. The October number is full of stories which will bring joy and happy moments to many a hearthstone and nursery.

WIT OF THE WEEK.

"THERE is a very baleful business going on in the South now," remarked De Wiggs. "What is it?" asked Le Diggs. Packing cotton."-Pittsburgh Chronicle.

It takes only three men to put up a safe in the seventh story, but it requires all the way from seventy-five to two hundred of a sidewalk committee to see that the job is successfully done.-Boston Courier.

"PSHAW, mamma," said a small Charleston boy, sitting under a trunk lid in the park," the earthquake was only a good joke after all." "A joke, Willie ?" exclaimed the horrified mother. Why, mamma, it brought down the house," and the seismic, silver laugh.- Washington Critic.

"What do you mean?" thoughtless lad laughed a

YOUNG TELLITALL (continuing story): "And just as I was stepping off the porch

Landlady (touching bell for servant): Ting.

Young Tellitall (injuredly): "Perhaps some of the others have not heard it, madam."-Tid-Bits.

EVENTS OF THE WEEK.

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 23.

FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 24.

DOMESTIC.-Argument in the Bell telephone suit is ended. P. F. Wallace is arrested in St. Louis charged with the butchery of the Logan family, six persons, at Lima, Mo., last Wednesday night. The Troy Board of Aldermen are directed by Judge Peckham to confirm the tax levy or answer for contempt. Four prominent city officers of Cincinuati are arrested on charges of embezzling city funds by means of false vouchers. Charges of defrauding the city treasury of Boston by officials are to be investigated by a council com. mittee. The arguments for a new trial of the Chicago anarchists will be heard next Friday. The Sovereign Grand Lodge of Odd Fellows votes to remove the headquarters of the order from Baltimore to Columbus, Ohio. The Free Masons of Philadelphia are celebrating the one hundredth anniversary of the independence of their grand lodge.

1

FOREIGN.-The Danish government intends to bring a bill before Parliament for fund. ing the public debt. Russian funds are withdrawn from Bulgaria. The treaty-draft made public in Ottawa is discredited by Canadian officials.

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 25.

DOMESTIC.-Four colored and two white convicts undergo the punishment of the whip. ping post at New Castle, Del., in the presence of two hundred people. It is believed in Hartford that a dividend may be paid to the creditors of Bartholomew, the fugitive in. surance president, after his affairs have been fully investigated. The Sovereign Grand Lodge of Odd Fellows closes its session at Boston.

DOMESTIC.-Precautions have been taken against the spread of the pleuro-pneumonla from the diseased cattle in Chicago. Another earthquake shock occurs at Charleston. Destruction by storm is reported in Pennsylvania. An alleged attempt to poison three convicts who are important witnesses in the investigation of penitentiary abuses in Ohio has been made public.

FOREIGN.-Beach declines Hanlan's challenge. Mrs. Parnell speaks in Liverpool. Continued persecution of Catholics is reported from China. The Ismailal palace, at Cairo, has been seized by order of the ex-Khedive.

TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 28. DOMESTIC.-Robert S. Green is nominated for Governor of New Jersey by the Domocrats. Edward 8. Cleveland is nominated by the Democrats for Governor of Connecticut. Another shock of earthquake is felt in South Carolina, Delegates to the Massachusetts Republican Convention assemble in Boston. The fifth annual Potomac river regalla occurs in Washington. An old farmer in Kansas was shot in broad daylight in his own fields by masked robbers. The culprits are under arrest. The parlor car and rear coach of the Rockford and Rock Falls train on the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy road is derailed and thrown down an embankment near the latter place. A lady passen ger is killed, and thirty others more or less injured.

VOL. I.

DOMESTIC.-Two slight shocks of earthquake are reported in Pennsylvania. The funeral of Bishop Shannahan occurs at Harrisburg. The United States Senate Fishery Investigating Committee visits Wood's Holl. The Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons close their session in Washington. The Massachusetts Republicans nominate Oliver Ames for Governor. A colored industrial exposition is formally opened in Washington. Rev. J. H. D. Wingfield, missionary bishop of Northern California, is elected bishop of the diocese of Easton to succeed the late Bishop Lay. Dr. Wingfield is the fifth selecion that has been made, the others having declined to accept.

FOREIGN.-There is serious rioting in Belfast. Bulgaria talks of resisting Russia. Regluald Hanson has been elected Lord Mayor of London for the coming year. China intends to issue a loan for $50,000,000 for the construction of railways in the Empire.

TAL

VOL. I.

!

POLITICAL.

THE EUROPEAN SITUATION.

AUSTRIA'S WARNING TO RUSSIA.

A PRESS telegram from Perth, September 30, says: "In the Hungarian Chamber of Deputies to-day, Premier Tisza replied for the Hungarian government to the interpretations made by Count Apponyi on the 23d inst., respecting the government's Bulgarian policy and the present standing of the Austro-German alliance. The premier said that the Austro-Hungarian government intended to prevent any single power assuming the protectorate over Bulgaria, and that it wanted the independence of the Balkan States maintained. He declared that Austria was without covetous designs, and that no community of interests existed in the Balkan States. The Austro-German alliance, he said, continues as heretofore, guarding mutual conditions and existence without endangering the peace of Europe. They would not, however, allow a single power to make an armed interference in Bulgaria. In conclusion, the premier said the government intended following this policy in these critical times."

Chicago Tribune (Rep.), October 2.

THE declaration made by Prime Minister Tisza in the Lower House of the Hungarian Parliament that Austria-Hungary will not allow any single power to make armed interference in Bulgaria, and, more than this, that she will not allow the establishment of any protectorate not provided for by treaty, or the assertion of the permanent influence of any one foreign power, is the boldest utterance Austria has made in the last half century. It lends additional emphasis to the declaration of the Prime Minister that the Empire is a unit in the support of his policy, and that Germans and Hungarians alike have applauded his bold words. What will be the effect of this declaration upon Russia? At present the Russian Commissioner is making demands upon the Bulgarians which they are not disposed to yield, and the attitude of Austria will only encourage them to still more obstinate refusals. In that case, will Russia dare to carry out her threats and compel the obedience of the Bulgarians by armed interference, and thus provoke the hostility of Austria? It does not seem probable that she will. She can not afford a war with Austria at present, nor is she in any position to make one. England has already expressed sentiments very similar to those of Austria, and would stand back of her should Russia provoke a war. The Austro-German alliance still holds. The Prime Minister says: "We stand with Germany on the old basis." She has no interests in the Balkan provinces, and, should a war break out, would doubtless remain neutral, though her sympathies would be with Austria, for blood is thicker than water. Besides, so long as Germany remained neutral, France would be kept out. It may well be believed, therefore, under such circumstances, that this sudden and emphatic declaration of Austria, instead of bringing on a war with Russia, will have the tendency to restrain her from going too far in the Bulgarian business, and will prevent any change in the constitutional relations of the province, except such as can be effected with the consent of all the signatory powers to the Berlin treaty. It is a timely warning to Russia which that power will be likely to heed.

Boston Journal (Rep.), October 2.

THE extraordinary and peremptory demands made by Russia upon Bulgaria, the resentment and refusal of the Bulgarians, and the deliberate announcement by the Austrian prime minister that Austro-Hungary would not permit any single power to make armed interference in Bulgaria, are elements in a situation which is far more threatening than any which affairs in the Balkan States have assumed since the abdication of Alexander. It is safe to conjecture that the declaration of Austria has not been made without consideration of its consequences. The arbitrary demands of Russia upon the Bulgarian government are of a kind which that gov ernment could not concede without overthrow and a popular revolt, Whether the government were to concede them, therefore, or to deny them, it would be almost equally difficult to avert armed interference on the part of Russia. That has been the scarcely concealed menace behind the Russian demands. Now Austria declares that this menace shall not be executed. Russia knows how to retire gracefully when a forward movement is too hazardous, and usually she does so by disavowing responsibility for the impetuosity of her agents. Perhaps she will dealin this way with Gen. Kaulbars. But if she carries out her policy to its logical results there would seem to be trouble ahead. The sudden firmness of Austria introduces a new element in the situation, and the hint of the Austrian prime minister that "the Austro-German alliance continues, guarding the mutual conditions of existence without endangering peace," it is an intimation which would appear to be too serious for Russia to disregard.

St. Louis Globe-Democrat (Rep.), October 2.

IF Tisza speaks by authority of the Hapsburg government it means that the Triple Alliance is broken, and that Austria at least is not disposed to permit Russia to exercise autocratic sway over the northern tier of the Sultan's tributary states.

No. 26.

It

This is rendered all the more ominous by the disagreement between Russia and Bulgaria on the question of the election of a successor to Alexander. England will doubtless be emboldened by this attitude of Austria to render material aid to Turkey in the event of Russian invasion of Bulgaria. It may not be in the form of armies or navies so much as in the furnishing of money which Turkey stands greatly in need of just now. Germany's intentions are still the mysterious factor in the problem. Will Bismarck, too, enter into the combination against Russia or will he remain neutral and watch his enemy on the other side of the Rhine? is reasonably certain that Roumania, Servia, Bulgaria and Roumelia stand ready, if outside aid is offered, to unite and make common cause against the encroachments of the Muscovite. These little states, with Turkey and Austria at their back, could interpose a powerful barrier against a Russian advance into the Balkan Peninsula. And the probability of such an alliance as this is now apparent enough to send consols down. The British press certainly appear to be justified in considering, as they dò, that the situation in Southeastern Europe is graver at this moment than it has been before at any time since the deposition of Alexander, New York Times (Ind.), October 2.

THE universal approval with which Herr Tisza's bold speech has been received throughout Austro-Hungary brings this empire to the front as the leading opponent of Russian aggrandizement in the Balkan peninsula. That she can count on England's support in the sharply-defined policy of "preventing any single power from establishing a protectorate over Bulgaria" ought to be beyond question, not only from the instant echo which Premier Tisza's words have found in Great Britain, but from the necessities of British policy. Austria now takes the lead which England showed herself incapable of maintaining, and henceforth Bulgaria may look to Vienna still more quickly than to London. The healthful influence of a frank and bold policy, founded on just principles, is already seen in the elevation of Austria's public tone and in the increased respect of surrounding powers. She gives notice that she is no longer to figure in European politics solely as an appendage of Germany-Prince Bismarck's make-weight in the diplomatic scales. Herr Tisza has indicated the conditions under which she might even sunder the Austro-German alliance, and this, coming immediately after Germany's apparent willingness to sacrifice Austrian to Russian desires, is significant. Whatever the upshot of the clash of interests, Austria takes a more self-respecting and dignified position than she has occupied in twenty years.

New York Tribune (Rep.), October 2.

HERR TISZA would be voted out of office if he were to adopt at any time tolerant views of the aggressive policy of Austria's Northern rival or to hint at any scheme of partition by which both empires may derive compensating advantages in the Balkan. He makes anti-Russian declarations now, as he has many times before in the last decade, because the political situation in Hungary requires him to do so. Hungary throughout the Russian-Turkish war was in favor of intervention in behalf of the Sultan. When the campaign had closed and the peace of Berlin was signed, it condemned the occupation of Bosnia and the Herzegovina. It has uniformly opposed the tendencies of Austrian diplomacy in southeastern Europe. In all these matters it has been arrayed against the Slav races of the empire. The Emperor, when rival races and nationalities are pulling in opposite directions, has only one alternative-and that is to follow his own counsel. This he has done in every critical stage of the Eastern question durging his reign. He decided for himself upon a policy of armed neutrality during 1877. He gave the signal for the Bosnian occupation. He supported Servia in its disastrous campaign against Bulgaria. He has a diplomatic policy of his own which is carrying him by easy stages toward Salonica.

Springfield Republican (Ind.), October 2. FULLER reports of Premier Tisza's speech in the Hungarian Parliament made it very evident that he was not making a diplomat's speech capable of several interpretations. The Balkan States are still to be independent, so far as their internal affairs are concerned, and no one great power is to be allowed to hold a protectorate over Bulgaria. This is substantially Hungary's position, and from all the reports received the press of the empire stands by the words of Tisza. This statement causes great satisfaction in England, where the encroachments upon the Berlin treaty were causing great uneasiness. It shows that Russia can not break down this historic treaty without determined opposition, and it shows also that the alliance between Austria and Germany rests upon a better foundation than the alliance of the three Emperors. Bismarck will not be pleased with the strained relations which are threatened between Russia and Austria, because he would much prefer that England shall put its hand to the task of crowding back the Russian bear. But when pushed to it, the prince will refuse to desert the Austrians. New York Herald's Șt. Petersburg Special, October 2.

THE speech made by Prime Minister Tisza in the Hungarian Parliament, especially those portions relating to the independence of the Balkan States and Austria's determination to prevent the establishment of a protectorate over Bulgaria by any single foreign power, has called forth many expressions of disapproval from the Russian press. The Novoe Vremya accuses Herr Tisza of wishing to captivate the

sympathies of the rulers of the Balkan States so as to use them as a cover to wage war against the just and moderate demands of Russia. The German St. Petersburg Gazette says: "It is undeniable that the services rendered by Russia in securing Bulgarian independence entitles her, de jure and de facto, to a special position with regard to Bulgaria." The Journal de Saint-Petersbourg says: "The Hungarian Diet was wise in following the example of the British and German parliaments in refusing to debate the Bulgarian question, which has been violent, untimely, and unprofitable."

Washington Critic (Ind.), October 5:

RUSSIA is doing in the Bulgarian matter just what she set out to do. At her demand all but seven of the persons who were arrested for engaging in the movement which led to the overthrow of Prince Alexander have been released; and again, Russia's representative at Sofia, who has gone on a political tour of Bulgaria, has announced that his country will not consider the proposed early elections to the Bulgarian National Assembly legal. Still further, Austria, which country was to call a halt on Russia, and really did make a feint of doing so, has been informed by the Bismarck-Alexander alliance that consent will not be given to a conference to settle the Bulgarian question. As we said some days ago, the hand of Russia is the upper hand in Europe, which fact that always-astute statesman and diplomat, Bismarck, recognizes, and consequently arrays himself alongside of the Czar.

Chicago News (Ind.), October 2.

THE speech of the Austro-Hungarian prime minister is, so far, an assurance of peace in that it goes to show that Germany, Austria and England, are in close accord on the questions of the preservation of the treaty of Berlin and on those conditions necessary to the continued independent existence of the Balkan States. That such an alliance as this will suffice to insure the peace of Europe, the great capitalists, as well as the spokesmen of the great powers, appear reasonably confident, for if peace should be broken it will unavoidably be by a power who would be compelled to reckon single-handed with the others. This being the prospect, and Germany and Austria evidently earnestly laboring to avert hostilities, the prospect is that, for the present at least, the tension is not such as to warrant the forebodings of a certain class of sensational correspondents.

Boston Advertiser (Rep.), October 4.

ALL accounts agree that his address is a dignified exposition of the Bulgarian situation, and a clear statement of the course which Hungary proposes to follow. He makes no threats and no unworthy concessions. Yet, though so moderate in tone, he announces in unmistakable, if guarded, terms that Hungary does not propose to allow any Russian grab game, if she can prevent it. This Russia now realizes, beyond doubt, and, in consequence, is already abating her lofty demands. Encouraged by the example of Hungary, other nations are beginning to pluck up spirit enough to declare their honest convictions and intentions, and to rally to the support of that state. If the war which seemed imminent is prevented, and justice is done to Bulgaria, the honor of this achievement will be due to Herr Tisza more. than to any other minister in Europe.

Florida Times-Union (Dem.), October 2.

THE English government, although as directly interested in the matter as the Austrian, is as dumb as an oyster. Nobody knows what the Salisbury government will do if the Balkans are occupied by the Russians. Appearance indicate that really it would not care; that it is entirely willing Russia should hedge in Germany and Austria, and absorb the Sultan and his European domains, thus removing all restraint on English occupation in Egypt. This selfish policy would suit the nature of the Tory leaders exactly; but we should suppose that they would feel a little uncertain of Russian promises after the experiences of the past. What guarantee have they that after administering on the "Sick Man's " European estate the Czar will not try to absorb that which is left in Asia, the suzerainty of Egypt

included?

Philadelphia Record (Ind.), October 2.

Pittsburgh Dispatch (Ind.), October 4.

Boston Post (Dem.), October 2.

Philadelphia Press (Rep.), October 2.

HERR Tisza's speech strengthens the possibility that should the Czar prove headstrong and Bulgaria racalcitrant even Bismarck's pacific influence may prove too feeble successfully to prevent ignition. But at the same time nothing is more certain, and we may say more in accord with the traditions of Austrian diplomacy, than that Tisza's speech might easily have been mere fustian, rendered necessary by the unexpected turbulence of the Magyars at the Czar's unnecessary high-handedness. It will take more than this to persuade cool heads that Alexander's deposition was not substantially acquiesced in by both Russia's partners in the Triple Alliance. At any rate, the vaporings of the London Morning Post may be largely discounted with entire safety.

Baltimore American (Rep.), October 4. RUSSIA'S ambition is sleepless and insatiable. It goes ahead, step by step, through intrigue, through treachery, through diplomatic mendacity, through any thing that helps it onward. Her policy is to get more territory, and what differ ence does it make if her material interests suffer, if her debt piles up, and if her people remain poor? It makes a great difference, however, with other nations. The powers of Europe are becoming very tired of Russia's trickery. The peace that now exists is a mere strip of red tape around Pandora's box. Once it is broken, the effect will be terrible for a time, and many lives will be lost, but the final result will be a gain for the world and a big advance in the civilization of Eastern Europe.

Chicago Inter-Ocean (Rep.), October 2.

Of the inhabitants of Austria proper over 8,000,000 are of German antecedents, over 5,000,000 of Slavic antecedents, and over 3,000,000 of Polish antecedents. In Hungary there are 1,882,371 people of German antecedents, 1,799,536 of Slavic antecedents, 2,325,747 of Servian and Croatian antecedents, and 6,206,872 Mag. yars. Any action taken by Hungary, or by the Empire of Austro-Hungary, must be taken with the prejudices and the race feeling of all these people in mind. The government in making the declaration has thought as much of the peace of the empire as of the peace of Europe, and if Russia chooses to take umbrage at the declaration then there will be trouble, but the chances are all in the other direc tion.

St. Louis Post-Dispatch (Dem.), October 2.

THERE is no doubt that Tisza uttered the sentiments of both the German and the Magyar races in declaring that Austria would resist the authority of Russia is seeking to acquire over the Slavic autonomies of the former Ottoman Empire. But it does not follow that Bismarck will be in a hurry to interpose the word which he knows he can utter with effect at any time. He may have some other point to gain by leaving England and Austria to pull their own chestnuts out of the fire. It is not in Germany's interest, perhaps, to prevent Russia from involving herself still more hopelessly in debt and incurring another defeat in another assault upon the wall of European hostility which obstructs her advance upon Constantinople. Washington Sunday Herald (Dem.), October 3.

OBVIOUSLY this declaration places Austria in distinct opposition to the designs of Russia, and it appears to have been accepted on the.continental bourses as diminishing the prospect of war. The frank and fair statement of the Austrian position, which ought also to be that of the other signatory powers, by no means indicates that Russia will be thwarted in her designs. Under Alexander, Bulgaria was rapidly gaining a healthy independent existence. Neither the government nor the army were likely to be passive tools of Russia. That power will probably now be content for a time with officering the army with Russians and getting as much as possible of the administration into Russian hands.

New Orleans States (Dem.), October 1.

THIS assurance of Tisza amounts to little or nothing. It is perfectly compatible not only with an armed occupation of Bulgaria by Russia or any other power, but even with a partition of the kingdom among the neighboring empires. And those very empires have done dirtier things before now in the way of dividing up be tween them the territories of their weaker neighbors. There is hope, however, for Bulgaria yet, in the friendly sentiments of the vast majority of the lower house of the Hungarian Diet; and a still higher hope in the superb attitude of indepen dence maintained by her own Regency against all the flatteries and threats of the Muscovite bully.

Pittsburgh Commercial-Gazette (Rep.), October 2. PREMIER TISZA's strong speech in the Hungarian Parliament has caused a marked war feeling in Europe, but the probabilities still are that Bismarck will be able to control the situation, and it does not seem to suit his purpose to have war just now. Hungary has a great detestation of Russia, and the temper revealed by Tisza's speech is no new revelation. A more moderate and pacific speech is likely to control the action of the Imperial authorities, Austria's influence being predominant political order in the East will doubtless, however, be hewn into shape by the in the conduct of the foreign relations of the dual monarchy. The foundations of

sword.

Indianapolis News (Ind.), October 2. FROM what may be gathered out of the news given to the world, it looks as if a serious state of affairs had been reached in the Balkan. The speech of the Hungarian premier, Tisza, in which he bid defiance to Russian intervention in Bulgaria as to be attempted only at the price of fighting Austria, it is thought to be in the nature

of an ultimatum, and that if Russia does what her agent, General Kaulbars, has placarded in Sofia will be done, that it will mean war. It is intimated, too, that Russia will do it. For all that it is hardly to be believed that there will be war this year. There will be winter in the Balkan country in a month or so.

Rochester Herald (Rep.), October 3.

THIS declaration, though couched in diplomatic terms, was sufficiently clear and significant to create a ferment in the court circles of Europe yesterday. But after all there have been many former occasions when the long-dreaded struggle over the Eastern question has appeared imminent, but the threatening cloud has been dispersed and peace maintained. It may be that such will be the result again. It is, however, apparent that Russia, flushed by the success of her audacious policy, is determined to make no concessions to Bulgaria, and will push her demands to the very verge of war, if not beyond.

Chicago Journal (Rep.), October 1.

THIS bold and aggressive announcement of the Austrian government has produced a great sensation throughout Europe. The general belief appears to be that Russia will not recede from her demands upon Bulgaria, and that Austria will, in that event, stand by the words which Prime Minister Tisza uttered in the Hungarian Parliament. Such a course could have no other result than to precipitate a war between Russia and the combined powers of Austro-Hungary and Turkey. The latter is massing troops at Adrianople and is fortifying Armenia very much as if war had already been declared.

Memphis Appeal (Dem.), October 2.

AUSTRIA is resolved to keep as much of Russia's boundary at a distance from her own as she can, so she sings to Russia, "Shoo fly, don't bodder me." It would be a blow to England's long-sustained policy for Russia to seize Constantinople; but even more than this to Austria would it be to have Bulgaria owned by Russia. Austria's policy is to have for neighbors weak, unwarlike States. These she can influence, and their proximity brings no danger; but with such a common robber as Russia along her northern border, Austria would know no safety.

Brooklyn Eagle (Dem.), October 2.

THOUGH Austria has spoken this courageous word it does not follow that there will be war. There might be if only herself and Russia were concerned, but the complications are too many and too various to permit the Czar impulsively to accept the challenge. Instead of provoking war the bold protest may accomplish its purposes and stop the aggressive movement. It would be pretty certain to do so if the other leading governments had the manliness and straightforwardness to unite in it.

New Orleans Times-Democrat (Dem.), October 2.

AUSTRIA has to be taken into account by the Muscovite, and if, as we anticipate, the attitude of Austria will suffice to make Russia back down and leave the infant Bulgarian nation to its natural development, it will no longer be open to anyone to say, as Mr. Gladstone did in 1880, that it was "impossible to place the finger anywhere on the map and declare that there Austria has done good."

London Standard, October I.

HERR VON TISZA shows that whatever side arrangements have been made with the Czar, the alliance of Austria and Germany never has been superseded by the Triple Alliance. The cards of at least one European power are on the table and are found to suit admirably the honest game of English foreign policy which the government has resolved to play.

Albany Journal (Rep.), October I.

It seems reasonable to infer from the decided tone of the Hungarian minister that Prince Bismarck has concluded that Russia has been given sufficient rope, and must now be brought up with a sharp turn, and that the agreeable duty of thwarting Russian plans and humiliating Russian pride has been imposed jointly on Austria and England.

Portland Argus (Dem.), October 2.

BULGARIA is evidently being supported by England in the position she has assumed, and there are indications that Austria is also inclining toward Great Britain. There will shortly, unless all signs fail, be something more than speculation on which to form an estimate of the probable outcome of European disagreements.

Las Novedades, New York, October 1.

[Translated for PUBLIC OPINION.]

AUSTRIA has directed against the Russian empire the warning which England dared not pronounce. The treaty of Vienna will be the standard by which she will govern her conduct, and she will exact a strict compliance from every government which disowns its provisions, inasmuch as she sees in this treaty the most certain safeguard for the rights of Austro-Hungary, and the greatest security for the peace of Europe. To this grave step of the government of Vienna have doubtless contributed the increasing exactions of Russia, and her arrogant policy since the commencement of the Bulgarian question. These have created a situation, critical in the extreme, but now aggravated by the instructions given to the Russian representative, Baron Kaulbars, and the thousand incidents which the designs of the Czar evince daily. Without ignoring the importance of the declaration of M. Tisza in the Hungarian diet, and the influence they may exert on the future conduct of Russia, there is no doubt that these acts are committed in obedience to a political plan traced with deliberation, and that they contain, foreshadowed in themselves, an antagonism to the Austrian empire. For this reason we do not believe to be well-founded, the rose-colored expectations in which some of

our colleagues indulge at the attitude of Austria. Still less do we consider justified the optimism of one of them, which sees "tided over for a considerable time, the conflict which was threatened by the Eastern imbroglio." The dethronement of Prince Alexander, immediately after his triumphant restoration to power, indicates very clearly that Russia is acting in obedience to a firm resolution, and that she will not recede before a threat of violence. Has the probability of war with Austria induced on her part a change of purpose? It is not probable. The occasion which today is presented of advancing a considerable distance on the road to Constantinople, by establishing a Russian predominance in Bulgaria, is an attraction sufficient to neutralize the disadvantages or the dangers which the empire might encounter by a conflict with the Austrian nation and its allies, if any such should ensue. It would undoubtedly be a very serious matter if Germany should participate in the hostility towards Russia; but everything indicates that the alliance between the governOtherwise ments of Berlin and St. Petersburg is now firmer and closer than ever. could scarcely be comprehended the repeated challenges which Russia has launched at England, and which has just elicited such grave comment on the part of Premier Tisza. The opposition of Germany would remove all prospect of war. Its support, or even the promise of its neutrality, would make possible, and, indeed, almost imminent, a new European conflict, provoked by Russia. If Turkey reclaims her rights which have been recognized in the peninsula of the Balkans, no other power can organize an armed intervention, or establish there a protectorate; and Austro-Hungary equally sustains that no change can be made in the relations, constitutional or territorial, of the Balkan States, without the consent of the powers, subscribers to the treaty of Berlin.

New Yorker Staats-Zeitung, New York, October 2.

[Translated for PUBLIC OPINION.]

THE development of political relations in affairs of the East is nearing its crisis. After France, Austro-Hungary; after Freycinet, Tisza has broken the customary diplomatic silence. Russia, as yet, speaks only through her press, but, as an offset, acts only the more eloquently through her Kaulbars. England does the same thing, only, instead of her Kaulbar, she employs her Whyte. Germany alone still keeps closely vailed her intentions, for, to the honor of her Bismarck, it must be assumed that the tirades of her officious representatives, as adventurous as unintelligible, had in view only to mislead intentionally public opinion, the more readily to conceal the real policy she has pursued. This has never been more clear to us than since the significant utterances of the Hungarian premier, the tenor of which has just been reported. It rejects even the supposition of the approval of the shameless outrage of the 2d of August; it protests energetically against the conception that a Prince of Battenberg, or Alexander specifically, could have received his throne by the grace of Russia, or held the same through Russia's consent; above all, it tramples under foot the senseless assumption that Germany has no interest in Bulgaria, with the controlling premise that the two empires have pledged themselves reciprocally in their alliance to secure the existence of its provisions a premise from which the conclusion is unavoidable that Germany is bound to keep Pansclavism remote from the Balkans, inasmuch as otherwise an essential condition of existence for Austro-Hungary would be critically endangered. Austria, on the other hand, is not permitted to assume a protectorate in any of these states, nor indeed, to exercise any other important influence in them. To Turkey alone, and to her only in conjunction with all the other powers who were subscribers to the treaty of Berlin (and consequently not singly to Russia), is accorded the right of interference in the internal affairs of any of the States of the Balkans, and more particularly, indeed, in those of Bulgaria. That Tisza should have made such important declarations, without a previously arranged understanding with Germany, no serious politician would venture to assume. The conclusion follows, also, that in Germany they are getting tired of the mischievous Russian game. Small incidents, as a rule, are symptomatically more significant than assertions ever so decided. One would hardly have gone astray in flatly contradicting all rumors of disgrace at court, or of erasure from the German army list, in measuring the significance of the announcement that at the review at Darmstadt, Alexander of Battenberg had appeared in full uniform at the head of his German regiment. William the First is not merely German, but a man loyal and true to his engagements, and on neither of these grounds could he permit Russia to carry into Bulgaria as a sovereign the banner of Pansclavism; and this is what M. Tisza gave Russia clearly to understand, even if announced in phases of conventional diplomatic courtesy. Courrier des Etats-Unis, New York, October 2.

[Translated for PUBLIO OPINION.]

THE declaration of M. Tisza is serious, inasmuch as it places Austria and Russia officially in a position such as would make it difficult for either of them to recede, after having advanced to the point at which a rupture would seem inevitable. The deduction drawn in England of the situation is that Russia has sustained a check, and that she will be forced to halt in the prosecution of her designs. This conclusion is evidently a delusion. Russia will not renounce, under a preremptory summons of Austria, even though supported by England, the advantages of position which she has gained by recent events in Bulgaria. She knows that, left to her own proper resources and without the material support of Germany, Austria is powerless before an adversary as formidable as the Muscovite Empire. She knows, besides, that the same motives that prevented Austria from intervening in the campaign of 1877, subsist in the same degree to-day; that peace is the first requirement of a monarchy in which the diversity of race, of instinct, and of interests render an aggressive policy impossible; and, finally, that the Imperial government of Vienna is paralyzed by the necessity of maintaining the equilibrium between its subjects, Germany, Magyar, and Sclav, which possess among themselves only the factious bonds of a national solidarity. In a word, war would be the most hazardous means that Austria could have recourse to, even under the most favorable eventualities. The North German Gazette, which is versed in such matters, is of the opinion that the interests of Austria and of Russia are not irreconcilable, and, in fact, Prince Bismarck, who has shown how far he can go for sufficient reasons to