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occasion at the opening of a new railway, August 15, between Attigliano and Viterbo, to utter calumnious remarks in public against the Papacy. He said: "The Papal government had never beheld railways with a favorable eye. It built them only when it was obliged to do so, and it had them pass only as little as possible through its territory.' The statement is indignantly denied by Papal correspondents. The average cost of moving a ton of freight one mile on railroads varies, in three instances, from forty one-hundredths to seventy-two onehundredths of a cent.- -It requires a heavier locomotive to draw night trains than day trains, on account of the condition of the track, which is nearly always damp or wet. So says Superintendent D. L. Barnes, of the Rhode Island Locomomotive Works.- -The Pennsylvania Railroad Company has just issued what are known as detention cards, upon which the trainmen are to record the causes of delay to trains they are running, where the delay occurred, and the length of stop. This is to be telegraphed to the superintendent's office immediately upon the arrival of a train at its destination.The first American railroad was probably a short one built by Silas Whitney on Beacon Hill, Boston, in 1807. It is claimed, however, that this was preceded in the same locality by an inclined plane used to draw bricks in 1795, which had as part of its appliances a wooden tramway of about two feet gauge, on which loaded cars were forwarded to the foot of Beacon street, while empty cars were drawn in kilns at the top of Beacon Hill, and the sixth, the Quincy Railway, in Massachusetts, about four miles in length, was built in 1826, to haul granite to tide water.

MEDICAL.

NOTES.-The new State board of health of Massachusetts is composed of seven gentlemen, two of whom are physicians--one a regular, Dr. H. P. Walcott, who is president of the board; and the other, Dr. E. U. Jones, a homœopathist. Dr. S. W. Abbott, a well-known sanitarian, has been appointed secretary.- -Professors Von Frisch and Ullman, of Vienna, after careful and exhaustive study, confirm the views of Pasteur as to the possibility of preventing the development of rabies by inoculation with the virus obtained from rabbits, and are now prepared to treat the victims of rabid dogs. Dr. Withers Morse, president of the British Medical Association, has received a scorching letter from a woman who objects to his address before that learned body, and threatens him with a sound chastisement if he repeats the remarks contained in it.- -The French plan of giving castoroil to children is to pour the oil into a pan over a moderate fire, break an egg into it, and stir up. When done, flavor with a little salt.. -A coroner's inquest was held a short time ago on the body of a woman who, it appeared, had been suffering from heart disease, and this bringing on a fit of despondency she had taken a dose of Paris green. The coroner's jury found that the woman had died of "heart disease accelerated by partaking of a dose of Paris green."- -A death is reported in France from the application of collodion to the face of a woman suffering from small-pox. . The design of the application was to prevent pitting. Suppuration took place under the mask of collodion, and the patient died after great suffering.- -According to Dr. Broca, the well-known French anthropologist, the human body should weigh as many kilogrammes as it measures in centimetres, after deduction of its first metre. Thus a man measuring one metre eighty centimetres (six feet), should weigh eighty kilos (176 pounds). Should his weight be more or less, he is too stout or too thin.- -It is said that the application of a bit of ice or even cold water to the lobe of the ear will stop hiccoughing.- -The last survivor of the Duke of Wellington's peninsular medical staff has just died, after a vigorous old age-Dr. Thomas Ward Jeston.- -The skeleton of Bishop Courtenay, Edward IV's Lord Privy Seal, has been discovered in a coffin built up in masonry in the crypt of Winchester cathedral. Courtenay was at Bosworth, and is mentioned by Shakespeare in "Richard III."Dr. Sir Andrew Clarke declares that there is "not an unsound spot in all Mr. Gladstone's physical being," and that the great statesman will probably live "at least fifteen years longer," if he does not work "more than three men usually do when the three men are very busy men."- -Two more persons inoculated by Pastuer for the prevention of rabies, after having been bitten by rabid dogs, have died. Of fiftyfour persons bitten by mad wolves, fourteen have died.- -One of the leading men of Edgefield county, S. C., is reported to have died this week from rabies, after an illness of but twelve hours. The bite was received in May from a rabid dog, and produced no trouble until the day before his death.- -Dr. A. B. Hirsh has been elected adjunct professor of Orthopaedic Surgery in the Philadelphia Polyclinic, and also Orthopaedic Surgeon to the Hebrew United Charities of Philadelphia.

SCIENTIFIC.

NOTES.--A white swallow was shot recently near North Haven, Conn. It was a perfect Albino, pink eyes and all. Henry O'Reilly, one of the pioneers in the establishment of the telegraph, died at Rochester, N. Y., August 17th; aged, 84 years.. -Composite photography has been applied by Dr. Persifer Frazer to the testing of signatures.- Recent determinations give light a velocity of 185,420 miles per second (Corun), or 186,380 miles per second (Michelson).Modern florists take great credit to themselves for the improvement of the pansy. In a curious old English book, called "Hortus Floridus," written on garden flowers over two hundred years ago, there is a sketch of pansies over three-quarters of an inch across. The modern pansy has been brought to a much larger size; but three-quarters of an inch was a great advance on the wild form, and it shows that our ancestors were not ignorant of floral improvement.At a late

meeting of the Entomological Society of London, Mr. Dunning read a report on the subject of the importation of humble-bees into New Zealand, from which it appears that the efforts of Mr. Nottidge and the Canterbury (N. Z.) Acclimatization Society had been successful, and that the long-wanted clover fertilizer had at length been established in New Zealand.Oscar Loew has succeeded in making the synthesis of a sugar. By treatment of a solution of form-aldehyde with lime water, a molecular condensation gradually takes place, and a sweet substance having the properties of a sugar is formed. It is called Formose, and has the formula C6 H12 06.—The discovery of a new sugar, to be called Cyclamose, in the tubers of Clyclamen Europeum is announced by Michan.- -A Dayton man went to Cincinnati, and some one who saw him and knew him went to the telegraph office and telegraphed in the Dayton man's name to his wife for $15, and got it by telegraph money order.- -A correspondent of the London Electrician writes: "I think the most astonishing thing I saw in the [Indian and Colonial] Exhibition was a dynamo which the placard stated was supplying current to drive two motors, 'one in South Africa and the other in New Zealand.'"- -A new planchette is made in Chicago by nailing four short wooden legs under the rim of a man's hat by means of pins run through the cloth. On pieces of paper the letters of the alphabet are marked, and so are the words "yes" and "no" on separate bits of paper. Persons with mediumistic or electrical qualities derive much fun from making the hat spell out words by leaping from letter to letter. The toy is called "the dancing Derby."- -The weather report for August, from observations taken at Lawrence, Kan., shows that the month was one of the three hottest Augusts on record. There were eleven days with temperature below the average for the season, but the remaining twenty days were excessively hot; and the week from the 11th to the 17th surpassed any week since August, 1874. The July drought was broken on the 1st by a copious shower. There were seven other serviceable rains during the month, but no rain sufficiently heavy to wet the ground to a greater depth than two inches.--A telegram from Grenada, dated August 29, states that during the solar eclipse good photometric observations were made by Professor Thorpe.- -The celebrations connected with the Chevreul Anniversary in Par were very brilliant. His Excellency, the Director of the Chinese Mission of Public Instruction, handed to the illustrious chemists a Chinese document expressing every wish for his happiness and long life. It appears from what he said that there is at this moment in China a savant who, at the age of one hundred years, has just passed his examination and been admitted a member of the highest academy of the mandarins. He considered the fact that two savants of a hundred years were living, one in France and the other in China, was a link connecting the learning of the two countries.

LITERARY.

LOST IN RUSSIA.-Mr. Ricalton, the adventurous explorer, who was sent out to the Arctic ocean, in May, by Outing, in order to make a journey on a three-wheeled machine from Archangel straight through Russia to the Crimea, has not yet been heard from since leaving New York. His friends are very anxions on his account, and it is feared that the Russians may have treated him as they did Thomas Stevens on his bicycle, only a little more effectively. Mr. Ricalton had with him a photographic apparatus with which he intended to illustrate a series of articles in Outing and it is quite likely that this instrument was the excuse for his arrest. NOTES.-Fannie Davenport's first literary effort will be printed in the Brooklyn Magazine for October. The actress's article is a vigorous reply to the question, "Is the Stage Immoral?"The Brooklyn Magazine will be two years old next month. Edith M. Thomas, Henry Ward Beecher and Mrs. Beecher, William H. Rideing, Fanny Davenport, Dr. Talmage, and Anna Katherine Green, are to contribute to the October number.- -The Estelline (Dak.) Bell is a Western newspaper, the originality and humor of which has attracted a good deal of attention, similar to that directed toward the Burlington Hawkeye and the Detroit Free Press. The editor, Frederic Carruthers, lately wrote thus characteristically: “ People sometimes write to tell me what a blooming success I am making of the Bell. This is all right, but there isn't much money in it; for you see there are only 250 people all told in Estelline, and when you deduct from these the women, children, and Indians not taxed, you can't have a very large subscription list left. However, I have no fault to find, as I make a living and something over, and have a good deal of fun between times. I owe all the fame I have got to the kindness of the press in copying from my paper." Since the above was written Mr. Carruthers has left the paper. The "Bell" may remain, but the tongue lies still somewhere.Mr. J. B. Cowdin, a magazine contributor, is preparing an illustrated volume of his poetry, to be issued this fall.- -The firm of Jackson & Co. will bring out presently a small volume of poems by James J. Rothe, of The Pilot. Mr. Rothe is the secretary of the Papyrus Club of Boston, where he resides. "Nord el Midi" is the title that Alphonse has given to " Numa Roumestain " on its dramatized shape. The political part of the work is considerably altered, and some other material has been included.- -Leo Tolstoi's strong face is already quite familiar through the various illustrated papers which have lately printed his portraits. A Russian newspaper,

one of whose reporters recently called upon Tolstoi, writes that the great novelist now lives in a common country house, consisting of one immense room, and filled with all sorts of necessary articles, including libraries of useful books and manual tools. His children work in turn at the bench or at the desk. When the one quits his manual labor, the other leaves his intellectual task and takes his place.—————— Dr. Ernst Ekstein, the author of the historical romance of the Roman Servile War, "Prusias," has written a new novel, "Aphrodite," which is just coming from the press of W. S. Gottsberger, in an English version by Mary J. Safford.-The next volume in Roberts' "Famous Women Series" will be a life of Margurite, Queen of Navarre, written by Mary Robinson.——A second edition of Mr. Lang's delightful

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"Letters to Dead Authors," about to be published, will contain letters to Hawthorne and Longfellow.- -The life of Queen Victoria, upon which Mr. Barnett Smith has been engaged for some years, is expected to appear in London during the -A volume of hitherto unprinted sermons by Charles Kingsley present month.will be published this month by Thomas Whittaker, with the title "True Words for Brave Men.". -A translation of Don Armando Palacio Valdes's "Matra y Maria," a Spanish novel of high repute, is in preparation by Mr. Nathan Haskell Of the announcements thus far Dole, for early publication by Crowell & Co.made of books for the holidays, the most interesting is that by Dodd, Mead & Co., of Rossetti's "Blessed Damozel," illustrated with designs in oil by Kenyon Cox. It will be a large quarto, and the publishers promise to make it "in design and execution abreast of anything yet produced."

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EARTHLY WATCHERS AT THE HEAVENLY GATES. By Rev. John Chester, D. D. 5x4, 320 pp., cloth, gilt lettered. Presbyterian Board of Publication. Philadelphia.

We have read this through with intense interest. The reverend author believes that the pretenses of spiritualists are false; that they can not and do not yield consolation to those who have lost their friends, but that the Bible supplies all that it is necessary to know concerning departed ones. Into this story he has woven the pretensions of modern spiritualism and the truths of the Bible with remarkable effect. Some of the situations are dramatic. The story is never strained, the characters are not creations of the fancy, but portraits from life, and the end is delightful. DADDY DAVE. By Mary Frances. 74x5, 116 pp., paper covers. Funk & Wagnalls, New

York.

The design of the author is to show the relations that existed between families and their slaves before the war. "Uncle Tom's Cabin" showed the worst side; "Daddy Dave" shows the best. It is a thrilling story, is wonderfully well written, and will serve to create the best of feeling between the people of the North and the people of the South. We are glad to get this glimpse of ante bellum life. Everybody ought to read it, and if we could have our way everybody should.

PAMPHLETS.

MIND IN MEDICINE. By Cyrus A. Bartol, D. D. Carter & Harrack, 3 Beacon street, Boston, Mass.

A very beautiful discourse, the aim of which is to show that the modern mindcure theory is wise and scriptural. The argument is solid and it reads like a poem, but it is far too spiritual in its tone for the multitude to appreciate.

MAGAZINES.

MENTAL HEALING. Vol. 1, No. 1. August.

This seems to be a new venture and designed to propagate the interests of the Mental Science and Christian Healing Association, whose headquarters are at 130 Chandler street, Boston, Mass.

BABYHOOD. Babyhood Publishing Co., 6 Bleekman St., New York.
PANSY. D. Lothrop & Co., Boston.

THE QUIVER. Cassell & Co., N. Y.

WIT OF THE WEEK.

MAN.

WHAT a queer combination of cheek and perversity,
Insolence, pride, gab, impudence, vanity,
Jealousy, hate, scorn, baseness, insanity,
Honor, truth, wisdom, virtue, urbanity,

Is that whimsical biped called man!

Who can fathom the depths of his innate depravity?
To-day he's all gayety, to morrow all gravity.
For blowing his own horn he has a propensity,
Even under clouds of singular density.

Oh, mystical clay-bank called man!
He can be the source of beastly brutality,
Be modest and meek, or indulge in hilarity,
Don airs and graces of saintly totality,
Or equal the devil in daring rascality,

This curious enigma called man.-Life.

"CHARLEY, I want to ask you to do something for my sake," said young Mrs. Tocker. "You know you are very dear to me, and I am always afraid something is going to happen to you. I saw in the newspaper that some men take their I'm sure I don't see how that makes it any better, soda-water with a stick in it. but I do hope that if you take yours that way you'll be careful not to swallow the You will be careful, won't you, stick. It would be sure to choke you to death. Charley?"-Merchant Traveler.

THERE is a very religious restaurant in Boston, on the walls of which there is an odd jumble of texts of Scripture and items from the bill of fare, something as follows: "He shall feed his flock like a Shepherd-Hot Sausages, 10 cents." If you be Obedient ye shall eat of the Fat of the Land-Hot Apple Sauce, 5 cents." "Be Careful for Nothing"God moves in a Mysterious Way-Hash, 10 cents." Coffee and Cakes, 10 cents."-New York Tribune.

YOUNG MAN (driving with young girl): "I say, farmer, how can I get back to the village the quickest way?"

Farmer: "Well, you might run your horse."-Tid bits.

HUSBAND (with pride): "My love, I've been affecting.

to-day for ten thousand pou

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Young wife: Just like the men!

-I've insured my life

Always looking out for themselves!

think you might have insured mine while you were about it!"-Punch.

I

SCENE, front door. Time, 12 o'clock Sunday night. She: "Say, George, when are you coming again ?"

He:

She:

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Oh, I'll be here Monday night."

Say, George, can't you come before Monday ?"-Life. SOMETIMES, Mr. Henn, Lieutenant is pronounced Left-tenant.-Ibid. A CERTAIN type of writer-not a type-writer but an author-is contemptuously dubbed a hack. This is not so. If he were a hack the editor would be a hackdriver. And if the editor were a hack-driver he would, no doubt, be better off in this world's goods.- Puck.

"PA," said Bobby, who was struggling to keep awake and who was preternatur ally successful; "some people die of a green old age, don't they?" "Yes."

"An' some die of a ripe old age? "Ya-as."

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DOMESTIC.-The canvass in Maine closed. Mr. Blaine spoke at Gardiner. The condi. tion of the Charleston harbor said to have been improved by the earthquake. The Mayflower won the second international yacht race. A fire destroyed $200,000 of business property at Freehold, N. J.

FOREIGN.-Great damage in the West Indias caused by a hurricane. Hon. S. S. Cox, minister to Turkey, coming home. The schooner Everet Steele released. "Alexander Day" in the Greek church. Sofla decorated in its honor. The Lyceum opened in London. Mr. Irvine and Ellen Terry received with the greatest enthusiasm.

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DOMESTIC.-Republican victory in Maine. The New York rellef fund for Charleston amounts to $200,000, Thos. E. Benedict, the new Public Printer, filled his bond and received his commisson. The steamer Gracie Barker, with one hundred passengers, reported lost in Lake Michigan. Baltimore celebrated the anniversary of the battle of North Point. Herr Wilhelm Liebknecht, socialist leader of the German Parliament, ar rived on the Servla. In an interview he explains the objects of his visit, pays his com pliments to the anarchists and details the socialistic programme for Europe and

America.

FOREIGN.-English fishing boats captured by French authorities. Full text of Mr. Parnell's land bill given to the public. Fifteen persons killed and 130 wounded during a panic in a church in Transylvania.

TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 14. DOMESTIC.-Accident on the Nickel-Plate Railroad, in which sixteen persons were killed and twelve wounded. Col. Chas. H. Sawyer nominated by the Republicans of New Hampshire for Governor. Full Democratic State ticket nominated in Minnesota. The Galatea started for Newport. A prisoner of Tennessee confesses that he assassinated ex-Mayor Bowman, of East St. Louis, in November last. The Holland Society de scendants of the Old Knickerbockers held a reunion at the Hotel Kaaterskill, N. Y.

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DOMESTIC.-Democratic State convention in Wisconsin nominate an entire State ticket headed by Gilbert A. Woodward, of La Crosse, for Governor. The President had a su cessful deer hunt in the Saranac woods, huge suake, supposed to have escaped fro a menagerie, is devastating the herds belonging to farmers in the neighborhood of Clinton, Mass. The Society of the Army of the Tennessee in session at Rock Island, Ill.

gives currency to the statement that England contemplates making Egypt a colonial FOREIGN.-England establishing a coaling station at Thaso. The Republique Francais possession. The Pall Mall Gazette calls upon the queen to vindicate the purity of lish homes, the sanctity of the judicial oath, and remove Sir Charles Dilke's name from the roll of the privy council." Congress of Americanists at Turin, Italy. Fighting between Frenchmen and Spaniards on the coast of Africa.

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VOL. I.

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE PUBLIC OPINION COMPANY.

WASHINGTON, D. C., SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 25, 1886.

POLITICAL.

THE ANTI-SALOON REPUBLICAN CONVENTION. ONE hundred and eighty-seven anti-saloon Republicans convened, as delegates from the several States, at Chicago, September 16. Ex-Senator William Windom presided. The following resolutions were adopted:

The anti-saloon Republicans, by their representatives in national conference assembled, do declare as follows:

First-That the liquor traffic as it exists to-day in the United States is the enemy of society, a fruitful source of corruption in politics, the ally of anarchy, a school of crime, and with its avowed purpose of seeking to corruptly control elections and legislation is a menace to the public welfare, and deserves the condemnation of all good men.

Second-That we declare war against the saloon, and hold it to be the supreme duty of the Government to adopt such measures as shall restrict it and control its influence at the earliest possible moment and extinguish it altogether.

Third-We believe that the national Government should absolutely prohibit the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors in the District of Columbia and in all the Territo

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Fifth-That inasmuch as the saloon business creates a special burden of taxation upon the people to support courts, jails and almshouses, therefore a large annual tax should be levied upon the saloons so long as they continue to exist; and that they should be made responsible for all public and private injury resulting from the traffic.

Sixth-That the Republican party, wherever and whenever in power, will faithfully enforce whatsoever ordinances, statutes, or constitutional amendments may be enacted for the restriction or suppression of the liquor traffic.

Seventh-That we approve the action of Congress and of those States that have done so in providing for teaching the physiological effects of intoxicants in our public schools, and that we earnestly recommend to every State legislature the enactment of such laws as shall provide for the thorough teaching of such effects to our children.

Eighth-We demand that the Republican party, to which we belong and whose welfare we cherish, shall take a firm and decided stand as a friend of the home and an enemy of the saloon, in favor of this policy and these measures. We pledge ourselves to do our utmost to cause the party to take such a stand. And we call upon all temperance men and all friends of humanity, of whatever party or name, to join with us in securing these objects, and in support of the Republican party so far as it shall adopt them.

New York Sun (Dem.), September 18.

Ir cannot be denied that the effect of attending the National Convention of Anti-Saloon Republicans has been to put Mr. Blair's mind in a state of most commendable balance, even upon the question of the liquor traffic. As temporary chairman he declared this to be the sentiment of the convention:

"We are here for the destruction of the rum trafic throughout this country and throughout the world. I think I speak the sentiment of the convention when I say that as between free rum and low license, we are in favor of high license; that as between high license and prohibition, we are in favor of prohibition." [Cheers.]

Here is material for a perfectly straight-forward, practical and effective method of managing the rum question. Of course Senator Blair prefers prohibition, and hopes, perhaps, to see it established universally at some time. But prohibition exists in the mind only. As a system it cannot be established, at least now, and its advocates must be regarded more as the fanatical adherents of an impracticable idea than as the genuine and determined foes of rum. Senator Blair's remark that as between free rum and low license he prefers high license, indicates that there is a corner in his mind in which a practical solution of the liquor problem is being considered. Inasmuch as he seems to be open to conviction we would suggest that, while he need not lower the flag of prohibition, he might amend his declaration as follows: "We prefer prohibition, but as between free rum and prohibition we will vote for high license." Upon that platform we believe that the Prohibition party could elect the Hon. Henry W. Blair or any other man to the Presidency. And there would be something in it.

Der Baltimore Correspondent (Dem.), September 21.

[Translated for PUBLIC OPINION.]

THE National Convention of the anti-saloon Republicans in Chicago has awakened but little interest, and is generally considered by German newspapers of all parties as an assembly of noodles, especially as it was the eccentric national noodle Blair who presided at its sittings. That the participants in the conference were madbrained fools we are perfectly ready to grant; that their object is a foolish one we do not deny; but for six thousand years folly has so frequently been victorious in the world that, upon a fresh budding development of the same, it can never be seen how matters will stand. The aim of these people is the abolition of the barrooms. This, when considered in the light of events, is the aim of the whole temperance agitation. As it appears to us just now, the bar-room abolitionists in the United States, as a party, have the best prospects of success; and the annihilation of the legitimate saloons in general seems to be the only success at which, at any time, the movement has been aimed.

The Louisviller Anzeiger (Dem.), September 18.
[Translated for PUBLIC OPINION.]

THE movement and the attack of the anti-saloon Republicans has assumed pro

No. 24.

portions and developed a strength that can no longer be ignored in silence or by a contemptuous shrug of the shoulders. By growth, and by the pressure of this separate Republican movement, the party will be forced by degrees to make war against the saloon-keepers. They will ultimately have to recognize color (sic) in this question, or the anti-saloon Republicans will unite themselves with the Prohibitionists and then make a combined attack upon the Republican party. From these two factions great danger is threatened the Republican party. They can no longer carry water on two shoulders. They will have to disgruntle the beer and whisky sellers and the whole brewing and distilling interests or throw overboard the two temperance factions above mentioned. It is extremely probable they will

sacrifice the first-mentioned.

New Yorker Staats-Zeitung (Ind.), September 17.

[Translated for PUBLIC OPINION.]

THEIR special object, as a matter of course, is to make it plausible that one can be, in the same individual, a good Prohibitionist and a good Republican; and from this to deduce the ultimate conclusion that a separate organization of the Probibitionists is entirely superfluous. The Republican party, they say, already satisfies many of the demands of temperance men, and they, the anti-saloon Re. publicans, would therefore see to it that in the future the entire claims of the temperance men should be complied with. Of course we do not know how many of the 187 present of the anti-saloon conference believe this themselves; but the slight interest manifested in the conference, wherein, at bottom, it was an undoubted fiasco, speaks loudly, for the fact that really nobody has any faith in it. If the Prohibitionists are to be extinguished as a separate party, this must be accomplished by an entirely different agency.

Chicago News (Ind.), September 17.

By a vote of fully three to one the anti-saloon convention yesterday rejected the following resolution offered by Prof. E. L. Conger, of the Lombard University, at Galesburg:

Inasmuch as the success of our principles depends so largely upon the men chosen to make and enforce the law, therefore, resolved, that only clean men who are heartily in sympathy with the purposes of this conference can justly claim the suffrages of the people, and we ask that the Republican party shall place only such men in nomination."

And thus comes to naught the movement started with so much earnestness of purpose last December. It has been captured by the party leaders-at least for the time being. But its principle survives and will yet give trouble to the men who denounce the saloon in wordy platform and support the saloon-keeper at the ballot-box.

Galveston News (Dem.), September 17.

THE anti-liquor Republicans are holding a convention at Chicago, and the meeting very appropriately is presided over by the Hon. Henry W. Blair, of New Hampshire. Of course the delegates will express some beautiful sentiments and pass some charming resolutions, but in the end they will decide that the Republican party, as it exists, is good enough. Now the Republican party, as it exists, is entirely dependent in a national contest on the State of New York. New York State Republicans are dependent on the Republicans of New York city, and New York city Republicans are dependent on the Hon. Sheridan Shook, and the Hon. Barney Biglin, and the Hon. Mike Cregan, and the Hon. J. J. O'Brien. All of these gentlemen get their diamonds from the proceeds of liquor shops. So it will be seen that the convention of the anti-saloon Republicans is nothing more than a summer recreation.

Anzeiger des Westens (Dem.), St. Louis, September 18.

[Translated for PUBLIC OPINION.]

THE Chicago "anti-saloon" convention and the platform adopted by it will undoubtedly exert a broad and strong influence upon the Republican party. We would not err in discovering the hand of Mr. Blaine behind the movement. Не pulled the wires that made the puppets, Frye, Blair, Windom, Price, &c., dance. The anti-liquor Republicans are his body-guard, and they will secure him a victory in the next National Convention. That the rest will follow, he confidently believes he may count upon, and what happened in 1884 certainly affords him good ground for the belief. The New York Tribune, Blaine's special organ, greets the movement; and German Republicans will discover too late, we fear, what their chief organ in the English tongue means by it.

Chicago Tribune (Rep.), September 18.

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THE SO-called Republican Anti-Saloon Conference has met, made its speeches, passed its resolutions, and adjourned, leaving the Republican party not much wiser as to its practical purpose than before it assembled. It has formulated no scheme that goes to the root of the matter. It has not shown how the "temperance cause can be promoted, as it committed itself neither to prohibition, high license, moral suasion, nor the Democratic plan of free whisky and wide open, which the Prohibitionists themselves are encouraging by turning their strength in effect over to that party. It has enunciated several well-meaning platitudes, which need not be disputed, but it has presented no definite or practical plan for the promotion of the cause of temperance.

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Boston Herald (Ind.), September 18.

THE national convention is almost avowedly an effort to save the temperance vote to the Republican party. To this end, it ostensibly undertakes to commit the Republican party to opposition to the manufacture and the sale of intoxicating liquors. The convention proved that there are certain Republicans willing to meet in convention and take this ground. It proved nothing more. It was not a large body, nor did it include anything approaching a representation of the influential men of the party. Its temporary chairman was a Senator who has, perhaps, as little weight as any at Washington; its permanent chairman was an ex-Senator of more importance, but one who, unfortunately, is out of favor with the Republicans of his own State. Nationally speaking, therefore, the convention can not be regarded as a success.

New York Star, (Dem.), September 19.

WE fail to see any ground for reasonable hope by our opponents that the political Prohibitionists will abandon the field. They see the acknowledgment publicly made that, as now constituted, the Republican party is not a temperance party. They also see an effort made by temperance men still loyal to it to bring the party somewhat nearer to the prohibition standard. This effort is timid and tentative, and if absolutely successful would not come up to the demands of the sincere Prohibitionists. But the effort, such as it is, has not yet succeeded. It may not succeed. What reason, then, does it offer to the Prohibitionists for abandoning their present plans and joining the Republican party before the latter has made any response to the anti-saloon Republicans?

Minneapolis Tribune (Rep.), September 19.

THE effect of this conference is to be felt indirectly. It represents a very large and valuable element in the Republican party; and its downright hostility to the liquor traffic will unquestionably affect the general attitude of the party. The Republican party has a great deal to do besides occupying itself with the temperance question; but whenever and wherever that question obtrudes itself practically, the Republican party must stand for temperance. Its present duty in Minnesota, for example, is to fight the law-defying Columbia association and to strengthen the State laws restricting and taxing the liquor traffic; while in Iowa its business is to enforce the prohibitory laws that exist because the people have demanded them. Atlanta Constitution (Dem.), September 18.

THE Republican prohibitionists are not wise. They are trying to make a national issue out of a local matter. The main reason why the prohibition Democrats of the South have been so successful is because they have pursued the opposite policy. They have, as a rule, stuck to local option. If they should abandon this line; if, for instance, a majority of the rural counties in a State should endeavor to force prohibition upon the large cities and seaport towns, the result would be as notorious, as scandalous, and as disgraceful a failure as prohibition has been in Maine. Fortunately, the friends of local option are so well satisfied that they are not anxious to try any new methods.

New York Tribune (Rep.), September 20.

THE Maine election shows that nineteen-twentieths of the Prohibition voters will not sacrifice their convictions on national issues or put Democrats into power by wasting their own strength on a separate party ticket. The Anti-Saloon Conference at Chicago shows that Republicans who sincerely desire temperance reform are uniting their efforts to secure practical results through the Republican party. Meanwhile, the broadening division between real Prohibitionists and assistant-Democrats comes in Ohio to a practical manifestation, through the defeat of Prohibition in several towns by the votes of pretended Prohibitionists. These events teach a lesson all concerned may profitably study.

New York Times (Ind.), September 17.

THE evils of intemperance, the abuses of the liquor traffic, and the mischievous influence of saloons in politics are recognized and admitted by the vast majority of good citizens. They are ready to support a rational policy for suppressing these evils, and by adopting such a policy without fear of Prohibitionists on the one hand or the liquor interests on the other, the Republican party might add greatly to its strength. In order to do so it must candidly avow its principles and clearly define the measures by which they are to be put in operation. This must be done by the party itself in its regular conventions, and it can not be done by any unauthorized gathering of self-constituted delegates.

Kansas City Times (Dem.), September 18.

THE men who formed the Anti-Saloon Republican Convention at Chicago are evidently in earnest in their warfare against the liquor traffic. The majority of them are representative men in their party and have usually been considered gentlemen of purpose in their public actions. It is hardly likely that they would have taken the trouble to go to Chicago without having some definite object in view and the determination to try and achieve it in the future. In their resolutions they state their object to be the adoption of prohibition by the National Republican party. There was a marked absence of temperance fanaticism in their speeches and deliberations.

Boston Beacon (Neutral), September 18.

OUR great cities, notably Boston, Chicago and New York, are now governed by the saloon. This government is intolerable, and should be thrown off, even if it involves the total destruction of the saloon as a separate trade. The Democratic party will not, and, as constituted, cannot do this work. Accordingly, if it is to be done at all it must be by Republicans, and the Chicago convention will help to whip the Republican party into line. It may count upon the hearty support of every honest citizen who believes that the saloon, as such, is not needed, and that the saloon power in politics has become a ruinous curse which it is honorable to annihilate.

Rochester Herald (Rep.), September 18.

It may safely be held that the great majority of Republicans would sympathize with any practical movement intended to diminish the demoralizing influence of the liquor traffic, reduce the evils of intemperance, and cripple the power of the saloon in American politics. Thousands of the members of that party who will lend no countenance to the third-party movement would gladly take advantage of the movement under consideration to ease their consciences and strike a blow at the liquor traffic by indorsing the demand made in the platform that their party "shall take a firm stand as the friend of the home and the enemy of the saloon, Columbus, Ohio, Dispatch (Ind.), September 17.

THE truth is that leading Republicans generally have been a little afraid of this movement and have hesitated to identify themselves with it lest it should commit them to something not in accord with their views. They wanted to see some formal enunciation of doctrine before connecting themselves with the movement. Thus the leaders in the movement encountered difficulty at every hand and it is something remarkable that even a few Republicans of national reputation were there. Now that a conference has been held and a platform adopted, the work ought to go forward at a more rapid rate.

Ex-Senator Windom (Rep.), in the Convention.

WE are here only as Republicans who do not believe in the saloons of this country continuing to rule us. We don't intend to dictate any course of action, but we want to bring what influence we can to bear on the party to take the step it must some time take in this question. The liquor party has gone into politics and has called upon the voters to meet it in battle or submit to it. Circulars have been issued in my State proclaiming that no man shall be voted for who will not bow down and worship this Moloch from the infernal regions. It is a very grave issue. Wheeling Register (Dem.), September 18.

IF the Republican party should adopt the principles of the Prohibitionists, the cause of prohibition would in general be injured. The cause of prohibition has been making great progress in the South. But had the Southern Prohibitionists to swallow the whole Republican mass of political generalities in order to get a prin ciple of prohibition, they would let the whole thing go by default. The Republican party might as well try to fly as to advance prohibition in the South. And the South is a large corner of the United States.

Baltimore News (Dem.), September 19.

By the time the next Presidential canvass opens the party will occupy ground far in advance of what it now takes. It may be that a little band of Prohibition extremists may be in the van urging something deemed impracticable now, as universal suffrage was in 1859, but the great party, once launched on the issue, will be very apt to follow. Certain it is, however, that this issue will be a part of the Republican creed for whatever it may be worth, and the opposition must make its calculations accordingly.

Ohio State Journal (Rep.), September 18.

THE national conference of anti-saloon Republicans confined itself mainly to recommendations that the Republican party array itself in favor of taxation and restriction of liquor traffic, in the States. No instance is now recalled to mind where the Republican party in the several States has not taken exactly this course. In Ohio it stands by the Dow law, which is just such a measure as the conference favored. As to the District of Columbia and the territories, the conference proposed national prohibitory legislation.

Chicago Inter-Ocean (Rep.), September 17.

THE convention may not become historic, as Senator Blair prophesied, but it will not be remembered unpleasantly. It may not accomplish much good, but it will never be said of its members that they met as obstructionists or that they en couraged dissensions. They were honest, earnest, fighting Republicans, who desired to have their say in a great moral issue, and who exercised their privilege to their own satisfaction and credit.

Philadelphia Inquirer (Rep.), September 18.

THE Democrats have done nothing to abate the liquor evil; the Republicans have done a great deal, and they are certain to do more as public opinion gains force in numbers to oppose the unlimited traffic in rum. If an anti-saloon league were formed in every great center of population under the Republican standard, the Republican party would not be long in perfecting legislation which would

lessen the number of saloons.

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INSTEAD of seeking some common ground on which moderate Prohibitionists could unite with the advocates of restriction, it would appear that the prohibition element controlled the convention and dictated its resolutions. This is not a cause for wonder; but it does tend to limit the influence and work of the anti-saloon Republicans to the same impracticable field occupied by the Prohibitionists pure and simple.

St. Louis Post-Dispatch (Dem.), September 17. It is a Blaine strategem, devised and executed by ardent Blaine men, whose purpose is to make Republicans and Prohibitionists everywhere mutually dependent

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on each other, and both on Blaine, as they have been for twenty years past in his State. We shall watch this movement in the next National Republican Convention with some curiosity to see there just how much strength and sincerity may be in it.

Philadelphia Press (Rep.), September 18.

THE Conference readily discovered the common ground upon which all Republicans can meet. Its action was singularly in accord, also, with the resolutions on the temperance question adopted by the Republican conventions this year. It will aid in strengthening the party's position on this question, and is making clear the sincerity of its purpose to deal with the question practically and efficiently.

Philadelphia Times (Ind.), September 17.

THE trouble with the Republican party is that it has fallen into the hands of leaders who are sincere in nothing save a desire to secure the offices. The sincere men of the party are, like ex-Senator Windom, in retirement. The present party leaders carry water on one shoulder and whisky on the other, and will continue to do so in spite of all the antl-saloon conventions in the country.

Brooklyn Eagle (Dem.), September 17.

WHILE the Prohibitionists of the United States may readily find in this platform nearly all the phraseology upon which their political faith has been fed, and, ignoring the remainder as superfluous, may revel in the denunciation of their favorite foe, it is quite possible they may hesitate to accept as final the pledges of the 189 representatives, mostly clergymen, as binding upon the Republican party.

Providence Star (Rep.), September 17.

THE Conference was enthusiastic, harmonious and unanimous in its action, and the good results which are sure to follow will amply repay those patriotic gentlemen who have devoted their time and energies in attending the gathering which will certainly be historical in that it is the first national movement toward crushing the power of the liquor saloon as a political factor in the future.

Milwaukee Sentinel (Rep.), September 17.

THE gathering was essentially prohibition in sentiment, proposing in its platform to prohibit the manufacture and sale of liquors in the District of Columbia and in the Territories, but to allow public sentiment to deal with the question in the States. Why some regard should not be paid to public sentiment in the Territories and the District of Columbia was not explained.

Des Moines Register (Rep.), September 17.

THE delegates were unanimous in the opinion that whatever advanced ground on the temperance question should be taken, should be taken inside the party. They were quite generally of the opinion also that the Republican party should declare its hostility to the saloon and its favor for such restrictive measures as the people of each State should think best.

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THERE is no denying the fact, that the Republican anti-saloon movement, which had its formal inauguration at Chicago yesterday, will have an important bearing upon the politics of the future. The Republican party having performed its mission must go out of existence for want of an issue unless some new feature is introduced to keep it alive.

Philadelphia Record (Ind.), September 21.

THE party objects of this "anti-saloon" movement deserves no sympathy, while every reasonable and practicable effort for restraining the abuses of the liquor traffic, whether within or without the lines of the Republican party, should be encouraged. But experience proves that prohibitory liquor crusades react upon temperance reform.

Detroit Tribune (Rep.), September 19.

THE Conference demands that the Republican party shall take a firm and-decided stand in favor of the policy above outlined. The drift of the entire discussion was against the third party and showed conclusively that the conference was a unit in the belief that the desired reform in temperance must come through the Republican party.

Baltimore Herald (Ind.), September 18.

WHILE leading Republicans will, doubtless, approve the ends sought for by the Chicago convention, they may seriously object to the proposed methods. In the meantime, we may ask if local option does not present itself at this period as about the best attainable means of lessening the evil influences of the saloon?

Boston Post (Dem.), September 17.

OUT of all the States in the Union there were only 287 Republicans who went to the Chicago conference, while right here in Massachusetts the third-party convention, whose avowed purpose is the smashing of the Republican machine, mustered 849 delegates.

Albany Journal (Rep.), September 17.

THE Chicago convention has mapped out a great but feasible work for temperance sentiment to accomplish throught the instrumentality of the Republican party. Temperance reform, if it advances at all, will advance along the lines of that programme.

New Orleans Times-Democrat (Dem.), September 18.

It may be possible for Blair, Windom and the New York Tribune to force the

Republican party to adopt the Prohibition platform; but we feel quite sure that they will never be able to persuade the country to do so.

THE fourth section of the anti-saloon platform, so far as it proposes to submit the prohibition question to the arbitrament of a vote on a constitutional amendment, is what the Herald has advocated before, and to that proposal we have no objection.-New York Herald (Ind.), September 17.

By going too far, the convention has failed to accomplish anything. Republican politics and the liquor question are now precisely where they were before it met, and the meeting will have absolutely no effect one way or the other.—Brooklyn Union (Ind.), September 17.

THE upshot of the Chicago gathering is that its preferred remedy is no remedy at all, while its alternative remedy is already available in a large number of States and needs no Republican sham crusade to establish it elsewhere.-New York World (Dem.), September 18.

THE anti-saloon Republicans who met in convention in Chicago evidently have faith in the teaching that "a little leaven leaveneth the whole lump." Time only will tell whether their leaven will produce this result.—Denver Tribune-Republican (Rep.), September 17.

OHIO sent but one solitary representative. Are we to infer from this that anti-saloon Republicans are as scarce in Ohio as hen's teeth whilst saloon Republicans are as thick as flies in Egypt ?—Cleveland Plain Dealer (Dem.), September 17.

THE majority of the leaders of the Anti-Saloon Republican Convention yesterday were ex-somethings-ex-Senator, ex-Governor, or ex-something else. Which is to say, they have been but are not.-Chicago Mail (Ind.), September 17.

THE much heralded Republican anti-saloon conference at Chicago mustered 287 delegates out of all the States of the Union. This does not look like business and real earnestness.-Springfield Republican (Ind.), September 17.

Now that the convention of "anti-saloon Republicans " has adjourned without day, the field is clear for a national convention of anti-saloon Democrats. It would excite wide interest.-Cleveland Leader (Rep.), September 17.

THE self-styled temperance men who will not have temperance unless they can get it from a certain party are about as effective allies as the saloon interest can have. Chicago Herald (Ind.), September 18.

THE object of the Anti-Saloon Republican Convention at Chicago was to "save the Prohibition vote;" that is all there is of the movement.-Florida Times-Union (Dem.), September 18.

THE EASTERN QUESTION.

La Voce del Popolo, San Francisco, September 10.
(Translated for PUBLIC OPINION.)

PERHAPS never before has Russia been so near the realization of the day-dream of Peter the Great. It is only necessary to cast a glance at the geographical chart in order to comprehend that once master of Bulgaria and of East Roumelia the Czar is at the gates of Constantinople. The formation of a strong independent Sclave State, such as was probably in the mind of Prince Alexander before he was overthrown by the arrogance of the Russian despot, was the sole means of arresting Russian domination within its present limits, and of defending European civilization against a Cossack invasion, worse even than a Turkish, because stronger. The indifference which Germany and Austria display in the presence of such a calamitous contingency it is not difficult to explain. On the part of Germany, France, her perpetual bugbear (which certainly would not permit an opportunity to escape of attacking her, and of accomplishing the dream of revenge which has been her constant and predominant object for years), clearly explains why she dares not engage in a contest with Russia. As respects Austria, the consciousness of her isolation probably restrains her. Not being able to count upon the German alliance for the reason above mentioned, there would only remain to her Italy. But with Italy she has some old scores to settle; and as they are not accustomed in Austria to yield save to the most imperious necessity, she does not believe the extreme moment to have yet arrived of purchasing the aid of the young nation with the restitution of the provinces speaking the Italian tongue. And then, too, Austria perhaps seeks by diplomatic expedients to maintain the statu quo, and to find a certain modus vivendi by which a Russo-Turkish war may be avoided for the moment, and with it the consequent forced solution of the great crisis. The position of England is not yet elucidated, but it is certain that there is not at this moment in Europe a government more vigilant than the English in reference to the affairs of the East. The whole history of the present century has seen England by the side of the Turk to prevent the advance of the Russian. It is not certain in this hour of supreme peril that Great Britain will abandon her traditional policy and be present as a passive spectator at the transfer of the Bosphorus and of the Dardanelles into the hands of Russia. Italy likewise, whose future as a maritime and commercial power is in the East, has a vital interest in averting the extreme danger of the aggrandizcment of Russia up to the shores of the Mediterranean. And if Russia provokes a conflict, we do not see how Italy can remain absolutely indifferent without compromising her own future. In the imminence of this gigantic struggle it would be a grave calamity if the jealousy or hatred existing between the great powers should frustrate a common engagement to save Europe from Cossack barbarism. If war be an evil from which, at times, vast benefits accrue to humanity, no war could be more just or more beneficial than one in which Europe, constitutionally and politically free, should be banded together

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