of Boston and New York, announce for immediate publication "The Labor Movement: The Problem of To-day," edited by George E. McNeill, who represented the Knights of Labor before the Committees of Congress last winter. The character of the work is historical.- -The author of How to be Happy Though Married," who is an English minister, finds that a book just published anonymously in Paris under the title "Dolt-on se Marier?" is a translation of his own volume. He is already anxious lest this circumstance lead to statements that "How to be Happy Though Married" is a translation from the French.The InterState Publishing Company, of Chicago and Boston, have issued a new edition of It is "The Supplemental Dictionary," by Right Rev. Samuel Fallows, D. D. claimed that this dictionary contains nearly 35,000 words, phrases, and new defi. nitions of old words not found in the latest editions of Webster's or Worcester's Unabridged. It is uniform in size and style with Webster's Unabridged, and contains 530 pages.-Messrs. Hubbard Brothers, the publishers of Ben: Perley Poore's Social Reminiscences of Sixty Years in the National Metropolis," expect to issue the first volume about August 25.- -Robert Louis Stevenson's dramatic study and story, "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde," is selling at the rate of a thousand copies a week.. A German scholar has found under the palimpsest of a codex in the national library at Paris a number of hitherto unknown fragments of Sallust relating to Pompey's wars in Spain.Lady Dilke, whose mind is now said to be affected by her husband's downfall, was the wife of the late Mark He was something Pattison, a well-known English scholar and man of letters.

of a pedant and book-worm, however, and he and his wife are said to have suggested to George Eliot the characters of Casaubon and Dorothea in "Middle

march."

WIT OF THE WEEK.

"HAVE you heard that card-playing has almost ceased in Brooklyn ?" asked the Snake Editor.

No, I haven't," replied the Horse Editor; "what is the reason?" "One of the churches decided it wasn't wicked."-Pittsburgh Chronicle-Telegraph.

"DINNY, did you be r'adin' in the noospapers that Jay Gould's income is tin cints every toime the clock ticks ? "

"Troth, an' Oi did. Wouldn't it be a mane thrick, now, if some blaggyard was to snake in an' sthop 'is clock fur 'im.”—Merchant Traveller.

He entered the office of a capitalist in Richmond the other day, and quietly inquired:

"How much would a vein of coal half a mile long, a quarter of a mile broad, and 50 feet thick be worth?"

"I should say $25,000, but, if you want more exact figures, and will give me the location, I think I can

'Oh, no, you can't, Colonel," interrupted the quiet man. her myself as soon as the cars can take me out there."

"I'm going to marry

And he hustled out as if fearful that the capitalist might locate the widow and the spot. Wall Street News.

AN Austrian miner had half of his brains knocked out and is still alive. The Bavarians want to get him for a king.—Life.

PRESIDENT DIAZ claims that Mexico has a law by which an American can be punished in England for an offense committed in France.—Ibid.

THE Irish will not be satisfied with any home rule scheme that will not allow them to send delegates to the next Democratic convention in the United States.— Ibid.

OLD GENTLEMAN (to boy): "Do you go to Sunday-school, little boy?"
Little boy: "Nop."

Old gentleman: "You shouldn't say nop.

Little boy: "Nop."

Nor church?"

Old gentleman: Bless me! Aren't your parents Christian people ?" Little boy: "Yep. But you see one's a Catholic and the other's a Protestant. That lets me out.-Ibid."

"THE BILLS OF MORTALITY."-Kirk Elder after a look at his morning paper: "Poor McStagger deid! Et's vera sad to thenk o' the great number o' destengweshed men that's lately been ta'en! 'Deed, I no feel vera weel mysel!"— Punch.

SCENE, Washington, F street car, Saturday afternoon: Dramatis Personnœ— Three young ladies, Treasury clerks, and extra-exquisite dude, strangers all around.

FOREIGN.-The English Parliament reassembled, and the Queen's speech read. Nine Earthquake in Malta. Medina withdraws policemen arrested for murder in Belfast. his suit against Cutting. FRIDAY, AUGUST 20.

DOMESTIC.-The jury in the trial of the Chicago anarchists found Sples, Schwab, Lingg Fielden, Parsons, Fischer, and Engel guilty of murder in the first degree, and sentenced Neebe to fifteen years' imprisonment. The American Bar Association endorsed Mr. Field's scheme for thorough codification of the law in the interest of speedy, certain, and exact justice. The President enjoys fishing in the Adirondacks. Universal Peace Union met at Mystic, Connecticut.

FOREIGN.-Mr. Thomas P. Conner charged Lord Randolph Churchill with instigating the Belfast riots by his speeches. The Duke of Leinster arranged to sell his tenants a large portion of his Kildare estates on an eighteen years' purchase plan. A rumor afloat that Queen Margharita is using her influence to bring about a reconciliation between the Italian government and the Papacy. The sittings of the Turkish Bulgarian Commission at Sofla to revise the Roumellan organic statute temporarily suspended, owing to a divergence of views between the Bulgarian and Turkish members. Au archæological discovery that has just been made at Athens exciting much interest. A number of columns in a state of perfect preservation unearthed on the Acropolis. They belong to a period before the Persian wars.

SATURDAY, AUGUST 21.

DOMESTIC.-The attorneys for the Chicago convicted anarchists make efforts to procure a new trial. Heavy storm on the Texas coast. The Mayflower wins the first trial yacht race.

MONDAY, AUGUST 23.

DOMESTIC.-Mrs. Cleveland opened the Minneapolis Industrial Exposition by means of electricity from Prospect House, Saranac Lake. The Marks oil well, of Shanopis, Pa., selling oil at the rate of 2,500 barrels per day.

FOREIGN.-Consul-General Baiz received the following from President Bograu, of Honduras, in regard to the invasion of that country by a body of revolutionists: "Invasion conquered. Morey and various chiefs killed. Peace completely restored." Rumors cur rent in every European capital to the effect that Austria is about to proclaim the annexation of Herzegovina and Bosnia. A committee of workingmen formed in London to raise by penny subscriptions a testimonial for presentation to the Marquis of Salisbury. The Emir of Bokhara made a formal demand upon the Ameer of Afghanistan for the cession of the Oasis of Khojasaleh. The Post, Prince Bismarck's organ, publishes an article on the Bulgarian crisis, which is characterized by amiability of expressions toward Russia and unfriendliness to England. Chinese government decided to dispatch troops to the neighborhood of Port Lazereff as a precautionary measure against the reported design of Russia to seize that place.

TUESDAY, AUGUST 24.

DOMESTIC. Mr. Blaine spoke at Sebago Lake on the issues that divide the two great political parties. A ninth victim of Mrs. Robinson, the Somerville poisoner, thought to have been discovered. A new submarine torpedo boat, the Peacemaker, success. fully tested on the Hudson.

FOREIGN.-Parnell and Gladstone speak in the House of Commons. Cables announce that Prince Alexander, of Bulgaria, is held a prisoner at Uk-Palanka. Strong military and popular uprising in Bulgaria in behalf of the Prince. Fighting in Belfast. Manda lay, India, the capital of Brounal, flooded by the bursting of the banks of the Irriwaddy river. The damage done amounts to $5,000,000, and one thousand people lost their

you?"

VOL. I.

POLITICAL.

THE FREE-TRADERS' ADDRESS.

On Monday, the 30th ultimo, most of the daily papers published an address "To the Friends of Freedom," which was adopted at a conference of the American Free Trade League in New York. The opening paragraph of the circular reads thus:

The inability of a large Democratic majority in the National House of Representatives to pass a bill for tariff reform, looking only to the removal of a heavy burden of taxation from a few great industries, and the refusal of the Representatives of the Republican party and their allies to even cousider the abatement of tariff taxation in any degree, imperatively calls for aggressive and uncompromising political action by the friends of commercial freedom.

Hartford Times (Rep.), August 30.

THE circular of the "American Free-Traders," advocates the formation of freetrade clubs, and requests its friends in the several Congressional districts to decide whether it is best to nominate independent free-trade candidates for Congress, in this way compelling both parties to conform to the principles of the free-trade leagues; to break down every party that opposes those principles, and inaugurate a new party on the platform of free trade alone. In the first paragraph setting forth the principles of the Free-Traders, above quoted, a demand is made that all the taxes shall be received by the Government, "without the diversion of any part for the fostering of private interests." The Government does receive all the taxes raised by impost duties, less the expenses of collection. No part of the taxes are diverted" for the fostering of private interests." The Government receives all of the money paid for taxes. Let there be no deception on that point. But foreign goods that come into competition with goods manufactured in this country are taxed, and a part of the revenues of the country are raised in this way. The FreeTraders in their circular evidently mean to demand that these taxes shall be abolished, when they say that no part of the taxes shall be diverted "for the fostering of private interests." Had they said that no taxes shall be continued for fostering private interests, there could have been no question as to their meaning; and there is no doubt that this is just what they do mean. The Democratic party in their last National Convention opposed this free-trade idea. It resolved that the tariff should be so adjusted as to encourage (not to break down) our industrial interests, and to protect American labor against the cheaper labor of Europe. Nearly two hundred millions of dollars a year are raised by taxes on imported foreign goods; and it is not difficult, while bringing the total amount collected to the revenue standard, to so adjust the taxes as to foster our industrial interests. Both the Democratic and the Republican parties, while demanding a revision of the tariff laws, have also demanded a fostering care of our industrial interests. But the FreeTraders oppose this principle. We believe that nine-tenths of the people favor the principle laid down in the Chicago platform, viz, that in raising the necessary revenue for the expense of Government, there shall be discrimination to the extent that foreign-made goods which compete with our manufacture shall be reasonably taxed. England admits our goods free. She buys of us all she wants-largely of our food products. She would buy no more were we a free-trade nation. Germany, France, Italy, and other nations tax foreign goods that are imported into those countries. They would not reduce their taxes on American goods were we to adopt free-trade. We would gain nothing by repealing all taxes on foreign goods that compete with our manufactured articles. But foreign cheaper labor would force down the prices of labor in this country, under free trade here, or break down our factories and throw out of work a vast number of workingmen and women. But the Free-Traders say there would be a compensation. The laboring men would save money in their expenses of living. In what way? Not in their rents; not in their food, for Europe does not supply us at all with flour, beef, vegetables or fruits. "In clothing!" But how much does the laborer pay a year in taxes on his clothing, or the clothing of his wife and children? He does not indulge in champagne, in silks, satins, diamonds, nor costly clothes. The rich people pay taxes on those goods. Let them pay. But the laborer uses homemade goods, and he pays no more for them than the foreign manufacturers would force him to pay as soon as they could, with cheaper labor, break down our factories. The average laborer does not pay $15 a year in the way of tariff taxes. But he gets an average of $200 a year more than his European brother, and he gets more work to do than he would were our factories broken down or crippled by free trade. The cry of "monopolies" is good for nothing unless applied to actual monopolies. Workingmen know very well that prosperous manufacturers, mechanics, and agriculturists, do not harm, but benefit them. Crush the prosperity of either, and the interests of workingmen are injured. Labor suffers when any of our great industries are financially crippled. A manufacturer or mechanic who has all the competition that he can bear, is not a "monopolist."

Brooklyn Eagle (Dem.), August 30.

THE Free-Trade League, with Mr. David A. Wells at its head, has issued an

No. 21.

address inviting people who accept its principles to stand up and be counted-that is, to vote for Congressional candidates pledged to revenue reform, without regard to party considerations. This proceeding of course involves candidates so pledged, and where men can not be found who will assume such an obligation without regard to party considerations, the league managers must nominate candidates of their own if they "mean business," as the New York Times speaking for them says they do. Whatever may be the result of the movement this much may be said of it at the beginning: It emphasizes the truth disclosed in many ways. There are just now few pending questions which sharply divide and stimulate parties. It is at such a time that side issues crop out. The prohibition movement is a case in point. Its promoters conceive, and rightly, that they can attract more attention and command a larger following in this period of comparative partisan indifference than they could do if men were fired with enthusiasm for one party or the other, as representatives of living and essential principles they were unwilling to hazard for a single object which else they might regard with favor. The Prohibitionists look to get the bulk of their vote from the Republican party, although that the inclination to an extreme policy on the liquor question is not everywhere confined to that organization is proved by the adoption of prohibition in the Democratic city of Atlanta. On the other hand, while the Free-Traders look to get the bulk of their vote from the Democratic party, they count here and there upon men who have hitherto voted Republican tickets. Both of these side issues will perhaps make a more pronounced impression while party lines, if not broken, are relaxed than during times of hot campaigning. But while these two movements have certain resemblances they have more marked differences. The Prohibitionists have the advantage of a moral impulse. Right or wrong in their methods, they appeal to humane and unselfish motives. They stand in regard to intemperance as the old Abolitionists stood in regard to slavery. They may not arouse so energetic a sentiment or produce so far-reaching an effect, but their movement is alike emotional and has the comparatively easy task of kindling men's feelings instead of convincing their reason. The tariff, on the other hand, is an economic and business question. Argument and demonstrationare the instruments of the Free-Trader rather than sentimental agencies. One slave, a single drunkard beating his wife, could arouse more enthusiasm than the whole schedule of customs duties. The masses. of the people will as soon get beside themselves with excitement over Webster's and Worcester's spelling or the wisdom of studying grammar in learning languages, as over the rates on sugar and spool cotton or a horizontal reduction of the substitution of a specific for an ad valorem levy. Besides there is already a party, not of free-trade, which is impracticable, but of judicious revenue reform. The President and the Secretary of the Treasury have urged the adoption of measures to that end. A large majority of Democrats in Congress are in favor of it. Unless weakened by the schemes of extremists this reform majority will grow larger and may presently control both Houses. But as to the advanced Free-Traders, such as Mr. Wells and Professor Sumner, it is doubtful, as the Free-Trade Times itsetf says, that they will command a majority of the popular vote for a long time to come. It is probable, therefore, that the Prohibitionists will make a better showing at the polls than the league.

New York Star (Dem.), August 31.

THE American Free Trade League "invites the co-operation of the patriotic men of all political parties" in its efforts. This is all very well, but it is time that this body should practically recognize the fact that tariff reduction and reform can only come through one party, and that the Democratic party. The Star does not disguise the fact that treachery within its own ranks prevented the Democratic party from taking any step in that direction at the recent session of Congress. This, however, does not warrant any sincere friend of free trade or tariff reform in pretending that neither of the existing parties can be looked to for necessary action in this direction. Tariff reduction must be accomplished by one or the other of these parties, if accomplished at all, and the question for tariff reformers is: "From which of the two can we most reasonably expect such action?" No sincere or unprejudiced man can for a moment doubt the true answer to that question. Fourfifths of the Democrats in the present House voted for tariff reduction. All of the Republicans except four voted against even considering the question. Again, the votes cast by Democrats in favor of reduction were mostly given by the members representing strongly Democratic States, while the votes cast by Democrats against reduction came almost entirely from States frequently or invariably Republican. These are things that tariff reformers can no longer ignore. They cannot shut their eyes to the fact that a little well directed effort would give the Democrats a majority that could be depended on to reduce and reform the tariff, and that no conceivable effort could insure such action at the hands of a Republican majority. The practical lesson for Free-Traders to be found in this state of affairs is plain. We offer no objection to their apparent determination to support known high-tariff Republicans rather than Democrats who have betrayed their party's pledges, for such Democrats deserve no support. The defeat of a sufficient number of them, however, to assure the choice of Republican protectionists in place of Speaker Carlisle and Chairman Morrison, can do nothing to directly advance the cause of revenue reform. Any practical work in that direction must devote itself to securing the election, next fall, of revenue-reform Democrats in place of high-tariff Republicans in States where there is a known tariff-reform sentiment among Republicans that now

find no expression through Republican Congressmen. There is the field for effective work by the American Free-Trade League, and any efforts in any other direction will, for the time being, be thrown away.

Baltimore Herald (Ind.), August 31.

THE circular of the Free-Traders is alike a warning, a challenge, and a menace. In one respect only is it justified by facts, viz: By the deliberate shelving of all tariff discussion in the recent session of Congress and by the secret combination formed to defeat free trade among the very men who had pledged themselves in favor of it. Before tariff reformers can hope to effect any radical change in existing legislation they must go to the source of legislation itself. It is as clear as anything in this world that both the old political parties are broken up into factions on this tariff issue. A free-trade Republican is not, it is true, an every-day character in the halls of Congress, but there are scores of protection Democrats and enough "trimmers" in both parties to make an important factor when a division is taken. The question is, whether or not the free-trade party will take right hold of the problem and seek to educate the people up to their tenets, as the Prohibitionists and the labor men are doing. If there is anything more hopeless and absurd than another, it is the position of the Free-Traders in Congress at the present time. They can not even get a chance to talk. The very party which came into power pledged to consider the tariff problem manipulates the committee in a manner to shelve the discussion to the fag end of a session, and then to postpone it indefinitely. It is a course which suits everybody except the Free-Trader, and he is probably too conscious of helplessness to protest. It does not appear that the tariff reformers have ever made out a successful case to set off the deplorable reports from the free-trade countries of Europe. It is not a month since that the London Bullionist pronounced free trade a disastrous failure in England, and expressed the opinion that a protective tariff was becoming an imperious necessity. If the flow of emigrants was from the United States to Europe, instead of from Europe to the United States, it would be easy to believe that free trade spelt prosperity, and protection ruin. But when it is stated that 3,000 paupers are actually crossing the Atlantic to this country on steamers sailing from English and European ports within a single week, the case of protection seems to be made out beyond possibility of cavil or denial. The only chance, then, for the Free-Traders is to build up a party of their own, and set seriously to work at reforming the people of the United States into agreement with their views. They may not be able to do this in a single year, but there is plenty of time before the millennium.

New York Mail and Express (Rep.), August 30.

THE revival of the activity of the Free-Trade League is mainly the work of the more irrepressible leaders of the Mugwump element of the Democratic party, whose defection from the Republican party was largely occasioned by the pronounced protectionism of that organization. At a time when most of the sagacious Democratic leaders would be glad to have the free-trade issue comfortably buried and put out of politics these Mugwump agitators feel that their occupation would be gone and their English alliances disrupted unless they can figure conspicuously in their favorite arena of discussion. So they have issued a circular that abounds, of course, in misstatements of fact as to the operations of our tariff, and in denunciations of Mr. Randall's propositions of practical tariff reform. They propose to carry the Mugwump methods into the Congressional districts that are sufficiently close to favor that style of strategy. The language of the circular is quite notable is some places; for instance, this:

It is, therefore, essential that each friend of commercial freedom, in anticipation of the nominations in his Congressional district, shall determine, and as far as possible publicly declare his determination, not to vote for any candidate for Congress who is not opposed to a tariff for "protection," except where it is necessary to defeat, by electing an avowed protectionist opponent, a candidate who straddles Democracy by catering to monopolists and traders in special legislation, on the one hand, while claiming support from the toiling, tax-paying masses, on the other. In what cases it may be best to put an independent candidate in the field, and in what others to abstain from voting, must be left to the Free-Traders of each district to decide for themselves.

The new Mugwump movement will attract particular attention in the South, where the rapid growth of home manufactures under the Republican tariff has converted a large number of the brainiest and most sensible Democratic editors and politicians to the Republican notions in regard to the best methods of developing the incalculable material resources of that section. It is not beyond the limits of probability that Mugwump activity in the propagation of free trade may bother the Democrats as much as the Prohibitionists have bothered the Republicans.

New York Evening Post (Ind.), August 30.

THE American Free-Trade League have issued an address to the public which falls in very pat with Mr. Blaine's recent attempt to revive an interest in the doctrine of "protection to home industry." The address points to the failure of the large Democratic majority in the House of Representatives to pass a bill for tariff reform looking only to the removal of the heavy burden of taxation from a few leading industries and to the refusal of the Republicans even to consider a measure to that end, although both parties are committed by their platforms to some kind of reform of the tariff. Under such circumstances the Free-Trade League consider that the time has come when all persons who believe in tariff reform should cast their votes for or against candidates for Congress on this distinct issue. Taking the vote on the Morrison Tariff bill as a guide, it may be seen that a very small change in the complexion of the House would suffice to convert the minority into a majority, and that this change might be effected by less than 5 per cent. of the voters in a few Congressional districts. The address does not propose the formation of a new party, but merely such action as may be necessary to make the tariff-reform vote effective in both parties. Mr. Blaine's notions of "protection to home industry" do not admit that there is any room for reform in the tariff, except, perhaps, in the direction of an increase of duties on imported goods. He "points with pride" to the fact that no word and no vote was ever given by him inconsistent with this view. This statement, like many of the positive declarations made

by Mr. Blaine on great public occasions, is extremely misleading. He did vote to remove the duties on coal in the Forty-second Congress, and he boasted of this vote in a debate in the same Congress, as tending to show his own disinterestedness, he being at the time an owner of coal lands in Pennsylvania. (Vide Cong. Globe, First Session, Forty-second Congress, page 126). Now, a vote for free coal can not be distinguished in principle from a vote for free ore, or free salt, or free codfish. In other words, it can not be distinguished from the principle of the Morrison bill, which was, on the whole, a milder and less radical measure than the one favored by Mr. Blaine in 1871-'72. Mr. Blaine is not only at variance with himself, but with the chosen representatives of the doctrine of protection to American industry.

New York Times (Ind.), August 30.

WE are entirely persuaded that the movement of the Free Trade-League is a sound one, and we trust it will be pressed with energy and courage and persistency. In the first place, it is an honest movement. It rests on conscientious con. viction. It is not a push for spoils. It is not merely partisan. It is of the sort that universal suffrage ought to give rise to, and that is healthy for a free people. In the next place, it is an intelligent movement. It is not an appeal to prejudice or to ignorance or to petty and temporary interests. It is capable of being supported by reasonable argument, and it looks to the wider and more lasting advantage of the whole country. It is toward freedom and away from narrow restrictions and from mistaken notions of patriotism. In the next place, while public opinion on the subject is indefinite and unformed, or at least unexpressed, it is not hostile, and is capable of being instructed, aroused, directed, and made effective. There is scarcely a national issue before the country, save that of civil-service reform, that is more important, more closely connected with the progress and development of the nation, and more imperatively demanding a decisive settlement. Every year makes our Chinese fiscal system more injurious, more hampering, and more incongruous with the principles of our national life. The agitation for its reform is inevitable. It will not die out so long as there are men of sense and public spirit to continue it. Undoubtedly independent political action is the key to the situation. Protection is maintained now because a certain number of voters in each district who cling to it hold the balance of power, and each party is afraid of alienating or offending them. In any district where the tariff reformers hold the balance of power they can make themselves respected if they choose to do so and let their purpose be clearly known. The Republican party sprang from the old parties by the exercise of the "inalienable right of bolting." If the reformers of the tariff of to-day are prepared to use that right they will win. The address of the league is signed by delegates from twenty-five States and the District of Columbia. That indicates a force that can make itself felt.

New York Tribune (Rep.), August 31.

THESE Free-Traders know that the Eastern and Western States, with two-thirds of the population of the country, cast overwhelming majorities against Mr. Morri son's bill at the last session of Congress and in 1884. Only 14 Eastern members voted or were paired for Morrison's bill this year, and So against it; only 37 Western members were for it, and 72 against it. It had no chance of success, had not the suppression of a million voters at the South, and the consequent election of members from that section who do not represent the will of the people or especially of the laboring people, made the Southern delegation substantially solid for free trade. But, moreover, the Free-Traders ought to know that a dishonest gerrymander had secured five Democratic votes from Ohio, which cannot now be secured under an honest apportionment; that a swindling fusion with soft-money repudiators secured four in Michigan by scanty pluralities, and that cheating temperance tickets were used to elect others, where the majority of the people unmistakably favor the protection of home industries. To speak plainly, a large part of the forty-six Northern Democrats who supported Mr. Morrison's bill were elected by dishonest means, and yet 152 votes from the same States were cast or paired against that bill. If the Free-Traders will kindly do what they again profess that they intend to do, if they will make a clean and sharp issue between protection and free trade, so that the great army of Democratic workers and manufacturers, who now beguile themselves with the notion that they can defend their principles and interests as well inside that party as outside, shall be compelled to vote either for Free-Traders or for Republican candidates, they will insure Republican majorities in every Northern State, and in part of the Southern States, provided an honest vote and an honest count can be had. Hence it is sincerely to be hoped that this latest decla ration means a little more than the previous pronunciamentoes of similiar tenor, and that the Free-Traders do not mean this year to steal success for Democratic candidates by falsely pretending that the tariff is not an issue.

Baltimore News (Dem.), August 30.

WHAT is obviously wanted in this country is a new party with outspoken views and pledges upon the tariff question-a party which will have no smell of the stale war blood upon it, a party which will appeal to no hoary prejudice, but will take up a most important issue and discuss it without sectional prejudice or vindictive associations. Under its banner Free Traders from all the old parties could enlist with perfect consistency, without regard to their past associations, and thus the greatest question of the times could be dealt with by popular intelligence in a wholesome and effective manner. Now, whether the Free-Trade League will do something practical like this-organize a new party and put it in reputable political standing or will continue to issue occasional manifestoes to remind the world they are still alive, remains to be seen. Certainly they will not accomplish any thing save to make themselves solemnly ridiculous by persistence in such conduct. Unless they intend to organize a party to do something practical in these practical days in regard to a thoroughly practical issue, they might as well stop their spasmodic publications. Even if the latter convinces any one, the convert remains with his old organization, and, if a Republican, continues to vote his war sentiments for Congressmen who are in favor of a war tariff. What the Free-Trade League should do is to organize a party which would bring to its ranks all the Free-Traders

of all schools and connections, and thus make the issue squarely before the thinking and intelligent people, by whom it can be permanently decided. This would leave the Republican party the party of protection, and the issue would be squarely joined between the two and settled durably to the advantage of the country.

Philadelphia Inquirer (Rep.), August 31.

In every Congressional contest occurring this fall let every Free-Trader vote for a free-trade Representative and every Protectionist for a protection Representative. By that means the opinion of the whole country will be learned and recorded, and if it should be against the Protectionists they will willingly submit to the consequences, but upon the understanding that if it should be against the Free-Traders they will as cheerfully and sincerely submit to it. It is a question to be answered, and there can be no better way of getting a positive answer to it than by the way suggested by the league. We hope they will insist upon making free trade or protection the only issue in every Congressional district in the land. If they should do so they will no doubt be wiser if not better citizens. They will learn by the result that an overwhelming majority of the people of the United States are unconquerably opposed, first, last, and all the time, to that pernicious doctrine which would reduce our intelligent, independent workingmen and women to the abject condition of those of the Old World, who, as Secretary Bayard finely said, have no voice, but express themselves by a groan. The Protectionists, knowing the common strength of the protection feeling throughout the country, have made no effort to secure a representative majority in Congress, but now being challenged by the Free-Traders to do it, they should put forth their strength, and in every district in the land they should make their candidate a standard-bearer for the great principle of protection to American labor and capital.

Chicago Herald (Ind.), August 30.

THE address specially instances Mr. Randall's audacious proposition to advance the duties on tin-plate a cent and a half. Instead of merely alluding to Mr. Randall's performance why not make the discussion upon the merit, not only of this specific proposition, but also of the system of protection of which Mr. Randall is the most useful advocate, conspicuous by sending a candidate into Mr. Randall's district to make the canvass with him on this point? The Republicans of Pennsylvania make a district for Mr. Randall. They would rather lose half their delegation in Congress than have him retired, for he is of more efficiency in continuing to fasten upon the country the atrocious system of a prohibitory tariff than all the Republicans of Pennsylvania put together. Let the Free-Trade League send a Pennsylvanian into Mr. Randall's district to contest the election with him on the one point of tariff legislation, supporting him heartily with free-trade speakers who can popularize the ordinarily dry topic, presenting it so clearly that he who runs may read. Mr. Randall may not be beaten. His Republican allies would rally to his aid, but so noteworthy a contest would tend to awaken public interest in the whole subject and enlighten the popular understanding. The operation of customhouse taxation is so insidious that unless its baneful effects are clearly illustrated they can not be generally understood. Let the league attack its most artful and dangerous apologist in his own stronghold. The results of such a campaign would be far-reaching.

Richmond Whig (Dem.), August 31.

THE address of the American Free-Trade Association " to the Friends of Freedom" has been published. It states that the inability of a large Democratic majority in the National House of Representatives to pass a bill for tariff reform, and the refusal of the Republican party and their allies to even consider the abatement of tariff taxation in any degree, imperatively calls for aggressive and uncompromising action by the friends of commercial freedom. Although the address embodies the principles of the "friends of commercial freedom," it doesn't state or suggest the nature of the "aggressive and uncompromising action" that is demanded at their hands. It doesn't intimate whether they will nominate their own candidates or simply bolt the regular Democratic nominations when they fail to represent their notions of commercial freedom. It is a matter of no very grave concern how high a horse the Free-Traders mount, provided they don't essay to put their scooping saddle on the Democratic nag. When they do there will be some tall kicking and bucking. It is presumable, however, that the address will be, as heretofore, the end of their "aggressive and uncompromising action." Having sown the wind, they will wait in patience to reap the party whirlwind, which will apparently

never come.

Pittsburgh Commercial Gazette (Rep.), August 31.

THEIR plan for changing the complexion of the National House of Representatives must inevitably fail, in which event the league will have an opportunity to launch its new political organization for the purpose of "destroying a party which can not carry out its own principles." This is no new idea, but it has never yet taken any more serious or definite shape than a threat-a threat, too, which has had very little effect on the Democratic party. The next contribution to the freetrade literature of the day will be an address from Speaker Carlisle, or more properly speaking, from the committee appointed by revenue reformers of the House immediately after the defeat of the Morrison bill, to prepare an address to the country. Until very recently it had been taken for granted that the committee would let the matter go by default, but it is now said that the address will be forthcoming in September, and that Mr. Carlisle will prepare the first draft of it at Deer Park on his way home. The more closely and clearly this tariff issue is defined in the present canvass the better it will be for the cause of protection. With Mr. Blaine leading on the one side, and the Free-Trade League and Revenue Reformers on the other, the popular mind should be able to comprehend the situation.

Brooklyn Times (Rep.), August 30.

THE address of the American Free-Traders, adopted at a conference held in New York on August 12, berates the Democrats for their failure, in spite of their large majority in the House of Representatives, to pass the Morrison bill. It denounces

the iniquity of Mr. Randall's proposition to advance the duty on tin plate, and it threatens a combination of Democratic and Republican Free-Traders "to destroy a party which can not carry out its own principles, to supersede it with a new party of freedom, and to compel the advocates of restriction to join together in the open field." Why not? The Prohibitionists have gone into politics and mean to stay there. The labor reformers are trying to organize the great mass of wage earners as a separate political force. Why should not the Free-Traders array themselves as a grand Mugwump party, and take the field on their own account? We should like to see it done, and we don't believe it would be very hard to count their votes, either.

Macon Telegraph (Dem.), August 31.

THE Revenue Reformers get angry when they are called Free-Traders, and yet the Free-Traders call upon the Revenue Reformers to support extreme measures, even to the destruction of the Democratic party. The Revenue Reformers claim to have a large majority of the Democratic party. If that be true, they can have no difficulty in making a platform free from ambiguity in the next Presidential campaign. Don't give the country any more double-headers-that is, pie here and pudding yonder. Mr. Mills is right. He is claimed as a Revenue Reformer, but he declares himself a Free-Trader, and suggests practical way in which this discussion be forever disposed of. may

HENRY GEORGE AND NEW YORK MAYORALTY. Rochester Herald (Rep.).

THE name of Henry George having been mentioned, along with others, for the mayoralty of New York city, that individual announces that he will accept the nomination if a pledge is brought to him, signed by thirty thousand citizens of the city, asking him to become a candidate, and promising him their votes. Mr. George, it will be observed, does not propose to leave any liberty of action for anything that may transpire after the pledge is circulated. Betting on a sure thing is good enough for him.

Manchester Union (Dem.).

REV. E. J. M. CLEMENS has recently published a book relating to the southern states of South America. He was formerly a missionary of the Methodist Church, and has traveled extensively in the South American countries. The book is an interesting one, and contains much curious and valuable information. To the extent that it describes the routes of travel for reaching the farthest South American seaports, and shows the distance the United States is behind the rest of the civilized world in methods of transportation to and from accessible points on our own continent, it is an impeachment of the enterprise, legislation and entire policy of this country. Mr. Clemens says that there is no way of reaching the La Plata region from North American ports directly by steam navigation. A person going to the eastern coast of southern South America by steam, may first cross the Atlantic to Liverpool, and there take a steamer for his destination. Otherwise, he may go to San Francisco by rail, there take a steamer to Valparaiso, and from there make a voyage around Cape Horn, or at Valparaiso he may cross the Andes on a mule's back and go from the eastern base of the mountains by rail to the Atlantic coast. A third route is from New York to Panama, and from there to Valparaiso, from whence he may either cross the country or go by steamer around the Horn. If the traveler is not in a hurry he may embark on a sail vessel loaded with lumber at Portland, Me., destined for extreme South American ports, and take his chances of arriving at his destination at some unknown but distant period in the future. Either route by steam exceeds 7,000 miles in length. These are the only means of transportation between seaports on the North Atlantic and on the farther South Atlantic coast. It is not probable that one person in a thousand among in telligent people is aware of this fact, which is so discreditable to the enterprise of the people of the United States, and so unlike them in most other respects. It is evident that some measures should be adopted by Congress to encourage commerce with the South American States. There should be lines of steam naviga tion established between New York and the South Atlantic ports. Government aid should be given to these lines-not niggardly, but generously. Enterprise should be encouraged and rewarded. With an outlet and a market there for our