time they get the whooping cough, lose a game of billiards, or go to the seashore. We have heard more about Dixey in London than about Dr. Holmes. When some unimportant actor or "nigger" minstrel is taken sick, we have all the details, down to the autopsy, if there be one, and he is treated with the dignity due to a minister of state. When was Josh Billings complimented personally by the Prince of Wales? Yet this would be precisely on a par with what has happened to Dixey. The managing editors of the best papers in New York displayed more intellectual power and have had a severer training than any actors, saving those of the first rank, who make a fortune every year, and who dine with princes and earls. Yet which of our managing editors would occasion any stir should he go to London? Not one. A few days ago Mr. Howells included in one of his articles a very favorable mention of a young actor, who had made his first and only success in a play that during last season ran here for many months. Much intellectual work, generally better than that performed by the actor in question, is done every week by journalists in all our largest cities. Yet it goes unnoticed-except for the mute admiration of the reader-and the name of the writer is never known.-The Hour.

MUSIC.

THE RIVAL OPERAS.--We are promised a rich supply of opera in the coming season, and, happily, it will not be like a poker player's "flush," all of a kind. The German sort is to be furnished with a splendor stimulated by already accomplished success. The American opera, so worthily begun, will continue a progress which is fortified by its national type and aspirations. The Italian school will once more seek to prove that it can yet boast its faithful lovers and disciples, and the various forms of comic and satirical opera will show afresh, no doubt, their strong hold upon the popular liking. Here will be variety enough, but, we take it, none too much. The country likes variety, and in nothing better than in musical entertainment. There is little practical sympathy here with the assumption that because one thing is good another must be bad. German opera has established itself firmly in the nation's respect and affection. American opera in its new and superb guise has demonstrated its right to live and breath and have its being. Italian opera, despite many failures and untoward predictions, is yet beloved by thousands, and, with anything like the liberal stage treatment accorded last season to the others, will have a corresponding following; and, finally, the melodious stage products of a slighter sort are so far in fashion that they are sure to be well taken care of. While taste and vogue must, of course, change, that which is good in its way is pretty safe in a great capital to find a market. One age may prefer the stately simplicity of a Handel, another the honeyed cadence of a Rossini, another the majestic and erudite combinations of a Wagner, but a wise catholicity, in music as in letters, will acknowledge all that is good in each and not willingly let it die. The liking for dry wine may increase with age, but there is always a demand for the sweet effervescence beloved of youths and maidens. Hence, all may rejoice in the feast of diverse music in store for us, and prepare to do such justice to each successive course as its merits may deserve.---New York Herald, August 17.

ART.

Architectural SKETCHING.-Every expert sketcher has his own method of working, and his own style. The old receipt for learning to throw a fly, and for so many other things, "Watch an expert," is the best to recommend to a tyro. Architectural sketchers are good-natured people, as a rule, and no young man ought to have any difficulty in finding an experienced friend to give him a lesson. If, however, he can not do so, he must do his best to draw what he sees, and as nearly as possible as he sees it. Let him begin by drawing the leading lines in a series of light dots, marking their terminations and intersections, and keeping the perspective of straight lines and arches clearly in his mind a knowledge of perspective being, of course, absolutely essential to the architectural sketcher. These lines must then be drawn in firmly and freely, in single strokes, with as little hesitation and as few breaks as can be accomplished, "painting up especially being avoided. Before putting any decisive lines on paper, we recommend the young sketcher to take a careful survey with his eye of the main proportions of the whole structure he is about to draw, regarding it for the moment, en bloc, as a mass of a certain size and proportion, and noting carefully the proportions of height to width of the principal parts as they will have to go on the paper. Horizontal or vertical architectural lines may strongly influence the apparent height and width of the stages of a tower, for instance, and convey a deceptive impression at first glance; and if the sketcher puts in the main outlines and string-courses from first impressions, he will often find, when he begins to fill in details, that the whole compartment is wider and lower in proportion than it appeared to the eye. Similarly, a side of a building that is seen in rather sharp perspective is often very deceptive to the inexperienced sketcher; it contains all the detail of the other side, though in a crowded-up aspect, and the beginner is often surprised to find how much he has overestimated its perspective width, and into how narrow a strip of his paper it has to be compressed. The leading lines are really the difficulty, and the beginner should not be discouraged by any number of failures at first, nor should he tear up his early efforts; they will serve later on to encourage bim by showing his progress. This first difficulty overcome, filling in the detail will be all plainsailing enough. It is a good plan to sketch habitually on a large scale; nothing so much conduces to freedom of style, and it gives the opportunity when occasion arises of showing bits of detail with extra precision and clearness. Constant sketching in small note-books cramps the hand and leads to a scrappy and untidy manner.—Building,

LITERARY.

NOTES.-Prof. Goldwin Smith is writing a review article on George Fox, using him as a figure to bring out a background of Puritan life and society.~ -Sir James H. Ramsay has been engaged for many years upon a History of England from Cæsar's Invasion to the Accession of the House of Tudor," which is now said to be approaching completion. The work has been written from original sources, will be published by the Clarendon Press, and will probably extend to six or eight octavo volumes.- -Cornell Library begins in its current Bulletin, No. 15, a list of the series of municipal documents of American cities on its shelves. The library now numbers nearly 62,000 volumes and about 15,000 pamphlets.-Messrs. Cassell & Co. will publish in a few days a new novel by Mrs. J. H. Walworth, entitled 66 The New Man at Rossmere." Mrs. Walworth's "Bar Sinister" and "Without Blemish " were both received so kindly by the press and public that a new book from her pen is sure of success.- -Rev. Frank Russell, of Oswego, N. Y., is on the lecture platform again this season with a series of lectures most highly commended. It is reported that a new morning newspaper is to be started in Edinburgh to advocate the political opinions, and in especial the Irish policy of Mr. Gladstone and Lord Rosebery, which at the late election were opposed by The Scotsman, the only morning daily in the Scotch capital.Another name has been added to the list of royal authors-that of Prince Carl, of Sweden and Norway, who appears in the August Nineteenth Century with an article entitled "In an Indian Jungle; a Leaf from my Diary," being an account of a tiger-hunt in India during the writer's visit to that country a few years ago. The article has been rendered into English by Carl Siewers. It is said that Prince Eugen will shortly follow his brother with an account of a visit to the Druses of Lebanon.- -The editor of the London Times receives $25,000 salary; the Standard pays $15,000; Daily News, $20,000; senior editors of the Telegraph receive $17,500 each; Manchester Guardian, $15,000; Pall Mall Gazette, Spectator, and Saturday Review, each $10,000; St. James' Gazette, $9,000, and Punch, $15,000.- -There are in San Francisco four Chinese newspapers, with an aggregate circulation of 2,500 copies. Only about one-fifth of the number is taken in the city. The rest are sent to the interior, to Washington Territory, British Columbia, and the Sandwich Islands. Their names are decidedly American. The Recorder is the oldest, having been in existence about eighteen years; the Oriental, about five years; the Weekly Occidental, about four years; and the American and Chinese Commercial News, the latest aspirant for journalistic honors, about three years.- "A literary curiosity of.no little interest," writes Mr. Smalley to the Tribune, "has come into my hands-nothing less than Poor Richard's Almanac' in Chinese. What would Franklin have said? The late Mr. W. H. Huntington had a collection of European editions of Poor Richard' in different languages. I believe there were about thirty in all, and he did not think his collection complete. So long as his health lasted, he never ceased his efforts to enlarge the number. While Mr. John Russell Young was American minister to Pekin, he seized the opportunity of having a translation done into Chinese. It was executed under the care of the President of the Pekin College. The book,' writes Mr. Young to Mr. Huntington, will go into circulation as a part of Chinese current literature, and it seemed best to do it, therefore, in a cheap form.' It is a little pamphlet of thirty-three pages, in small foolscap 8vo., with a stiff brown paper cover."- -According to The Athenæum, Lord Tennyson is said to have in hand a number of new poems. The most memorable of these is a piece which may be described as a postscript to Locksley Hall." The hero of the poem reappears as a broken-down man of eighty, whose modified views about life and liberty may be taken to reflect the Laureate's own. Lord Tennyson was seventy-seven on Friday of last week.Charles Mackay is writing his autobiography.- -Roberts Bros. have just published a novel by the wife of Philip G. Hamerton.- -A complete edition of Goethe's works will be published in Weimar as soon as it can be prepared. The letters to Goethe of Leopold von Ranke, the historian, have lately been found at Weimar. "The Wellspring," published by the Congregational Publishing Society of Boston, offers four prizes for short articles and stories for children.large sum of $2,075 was paid the other day in England for a copy of the sermon preached by John Knox three hundred and twenty-one years ago this month"For the whiche he was inhibite preaching for a season.' -A copy of the first edition of the Bible in the English language, translated by Miles Coverdale and issued in 1535, was, says an exchange, sold in London the other day. It is so excessively rare that no perfect copy is known to exist, and the one under notice had the title and first few leaves supplied in fac-simile, as also was the map. With all these disadvantages, to which was added the one of being a "grubby" copy, it fetched £120.

BOOKS OF THE WEEK.

-The

Owing to the bewildering variety recently introduced into the size and form of printing paper the old designation of books, as 4to, 8vo, 12mo, &c., gives little indication of size; we shall therefore, in order to be of most service to our readers, give the measures books in inches and quarters, the number first given being the length. We shall also add the number of pages and kind of binding.

THE WONDERS OF WATER. From the French of Gaston Trosandier. Scribner & Sons, New York. $1.

A HISTORY OF EDUCATION. By F. V. N. Painter. Appleton & Co., New York. $1.50. THE NEW MAN AT ROSSMERE. Cassell & Co., New York.

THE PHANTOM CITY. Cassell & Co., New York.

HYGIENE.-A Manual of Personal and Public Health. London. George Gill & Sons. $1.20.
MAGAZINES.

THE QUIVER for September. Cassell & Co., New York. $1.50 per year.
CASSELL'S FAMILY MAGAZINE. Cassell & Co., New York.
LITERARY LIFE. Elder & Co., Chicago, Ill.

THE Texas editor stabbed his pen into a dish of fresh, warm, lurid blood and wrote: "Texas cries for vengeance! The Lone Star State demands blood and she will have it! Let us teach these soulless Mexicans their place, let us exterminate the damnable race! For our part, we are in favor of immediately raising a regiment and marching "Great blankety blank!" he suddenly yelled, as he jumped over the desk and fell onto a chair, "what in dashity dash was that?" "That want nothin' but a rat gnawing on the other side of the pertition," replied the boy. Oh, blank dash it, I didn't know what it was; here, set this up, I've got to go over and get a drink to steady my nerves before I can finish it."Estelline Bell.

2

QUEEN VICTORIA talks of publishing another diary and says that it will be her last book. Well, that's good news; rush it into print, quickly, your majesty, and let's get through with it.—Burdette.

MRS. BULLION: I'm afraid, Mary Ann, that you are inclined to be extravagant.

Mary Ann: Me is it? Sure yez are mistaken.

Mrs. Bullion: You burn too many candles.

Mary Ann: Me burn candles, is it? Divil a wan. Mrs. Bullion: Everybody notices it; even your beau. I passed the kitcher door when he was here last night and I'm sure I heard him say something about your taper waste.-The Rambler.

MISS EMILY" Where is your regiment at present, Mr. Young?"
Mr. Young-"We are still in statu quo, I'm sorry to say."

Miss Emily-"Oh, indeed! is that far from Bar Harbor?"-Army and Navy Journal.

MR. CHAUNCEY M. DEPEW, the railroad president and lawyer, was speaking recently of the trip he had made abroad in company with Gen. Horace Porter and the Hon. Daniel Dougherty. These three men are probably the best-known story-tellers in the country, and their fame as after-dinner speakers is more than continental. "We were the guests of a well-known London club," said Mr. Depew, "shortly after we reached London, and were treated to a very nice dinner. When the speechmaking began, Gen. Porter led off and I followed. I began with an apology, saying that Gen. Porter had stolen my best stories, and that Mr. Dougherty's stories were so bad that I would leave all of them for him to tell. Then I looked around, and every Englishmen in the room was sitting as solemn and unmoved as a marble statue. It was a dreadfully wet blanket to throw over a man who was trying to be entertaining, but I got through, somehow. Gen. Porter had said that he arrived in England by the Lane Route, and that he had found it very pleasant to see the trees growing along the lane and to hear the birds singing in the branches. That, too, was received by the Englishmen in profound silence. When the affair was over we went after our hats and coats, and I heard a man behind a cloak screen say: "Dayvilish queer fellahs, those Americans, don't you know? Stealing stories from each other! Did you ever hear of such venality-such breech of confidence?' 'Yes,' said another, but did you hear what that fellow said about the Lane Route? Why, that man is the most surprising liar I ever saw. Do you know, I've been to America and back by the Lane Route myself, and, I do assure you, gentlemen, that you won't find so much as a shrub growing anywhere between the two continents. Trees, indeed! Really, the Americans are a dreadfully unprincipled set of people.””—Army and Navy Journal.

-Washington Critic.

Singing "Johnnie, come Johnnie, come Johnnie!"

And it was as modest as modest could be,

Singing "Johnnie, come Johnnie, come Johnnie!" And Johnnie he came, in his sweet childish way, And ate up that fruit as his own lawful preyThe angels in Heaven are singing to-day"Here's Johnnie! Here's Johnnie! Here's Johnnie!" -Washington Critic.

ONE of the banners displayed at Mr. Gladstone's reception in Edinburgh the other day bore the following couplet :

Great is thy power and great thy fame; Far kenn'd and noted is thy name.

The motto had been slily furnished by a tory, and it had been hanging up all day before it was found that it was the opening couplet of Burns's "Address to the Devil."-Ex.

"THANK you." Ladies, cut this out and commit it to memory. It may come useful when a gentleman offers you his seat in a horse car.-New Haven News.

EVENTS OF THE WEEK.

THURSDAY, AUGUST 12.

DOMESTIC.-Fresh-water sponges discovered in Lake Chatauqua. Mr. Walker, attor ney for the prosecution, closed his address in the anarchists' trial, at Chicago, and Mr. Zeigler began for the defense. Gen. L. C. Ross was nominated as Democratic candidate for Governor of Texas. Robert L. Taylor was nominated as Democratic candidate for Governor of Tennessee on the fifteenth ballot. Free trader's conference held in New York; Hon. David A. Wells presiding.

FOREIGN.-Serious rioting in Londonderry. Report that Lord Randolph Churchill 18 preparing a bill for the pacification of Ireland. Cables announce a speech from the Emperor of Germany, which is exceedingly cordial toward America, and the Hon. Chauncy M. Depew's reply.

FRIDAY, AUGUST 13.

DOMESTIC.-Violent storms in the West. A sea serpent alleged to have been seen off the coast of Maine. The great Western forest fires abate. Secretary Whitney ordered the construction of the most powerful cruiser in the world.

FOREIGN.-Cardinal Taschereau, of Quebec, has sent a circular letter to the bishops of his province, announcing that the Roman See has finally condemned the order of the Knights of Labor. Terrible explosion at the Woodend colliery, Leigh, England; forty miners perished. Williams and Mainwaring, the English socialist leaders, sentenced to fine or imprisonment. The British cabinet decided to appoint a commission to inquire Into the Belfast riots.

SATURDAY, AUGUST 14.

DOMESTIC.-Secretary Bayard sent Mr. Arthur Sedgwick to Mexico to obtain coples of the records in the Cutting trial and thoroughly investigate the case. Mr. Michael Da. vitt delivered an eloquent speech on the Irish question, at a great demonstration in Chicago. The Vandalia left the port of New York to join the South Pacific squadron and to make a tour of the world.

FOREIGN.-The rebels, under Quentero, who were being hotly pursued by Colonel Quintanilla, were met, beaten, and dispersed by rurals under Margarito Travina, many of them making their way across the river. The President recognized Alejandro K. Coney as Consul-General of the United States of Mexico at San Francisco. The Irish newspapers express gratification at the decision of the government to appoint a royal commission to inquire into the Belfast riots.

SUNDAY, AUGUST 15.

DOMESTIC.-Postmaster Armistead, of Danville, Pa., committed suicide from weariness of life. A pilgrimage to the shrine of Our Lady of Martyrs, at Canajoharle, N. Y., at tended by many thousands of people. A temperance jubilee held on Blackwell's Island.

FOREIGN.-Twenty thousand workingmen took part in a procession at Brussels. All Orange procession jeered while passing through the streets of Widnes, England. Rioting resumed in Belfast. General Boulanger assalled by the Prince of Paris.

MONDAY, AUGUST 16.

DOMESTIC.-The President and Mrs. Cleveland left Washington for his vacation in the Adirondacks. Attorney-General Garland files his answer to the petition of J. Harris Rogers, the Pan-Electric inventor. The monument to De Kalb unveiled at Annapolis: The Irish delegation to the Chicago convention arrives.

FOREIGN.-The English press discusses the plans for settling the Irish questions which have been submitted by Rev. Dr. Dale, Lord Randolph Churchill, and Archbishop Walsh. An imbecile widow, named Lebol, aged 60, residing in Selles, St. Denis, who had the reputation of being a sorceress, was tied to a stake by her sous and burned to death, because they did not want to support her.

TUESDAY, AUGUST 17.

DOMESTIC.-The President, Mrs. Cleveland, and Mrs. Folsom arrived at Prospect House, Upper Saranac Lake. Treasurer Gray's defalcations at Boston are discovered to be over half a million dollars. Mayor Grace, of New York, removes Rollin M. Squire from his position as commissioner of public works.

FOREIGN.-The Catholics and Orangemen of Belfast renew fighting. The Dublin Freeman's Journal says that the Parnellltes do not intend to await the convenience of the ministry in dealing with the Belfast riots and the alarming condition of the Irish farmers. The Afghan commission has been recalled to hasten & settlement of the question of the ownership of Khamalb, which Russia claims, by direct negotiations between Lou. don and St. Petersburg.

WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 18.

FOREIGN.-Rev. Rector O'Connell, of the American College, personally presented to the Pope peter-pence from Missouri. Cholera broke out at Carniola, Austria. Queen Victoria visited the Edinburgh Exhibition. Riots in Japan between the Chinese and Japanese.

DOMESTIC.-Severe storm at Norfolk, Va. Hon. Chauncey F. Black, of York, nominated for Governor by the Democrats of Pennsylvania. The body of Gray, the Boston defaulter, found in the woods where he had shot himself. The convention of the Irish National League assembled in Chicago.

VOL. I.

No. 20.

SOCIOLOGICAL.

CONVICTION OF THE CHICAGO ANARCHISTS.

From a Chicago Press Dispatch, August 20.

THE trial of the anarchists ended to-day. The verdict against the seven chief defendants, Spies, Parsons, Schwab, and Fielden, the orators and writers; Fisher, the member of the armed Lehr und Wehr Verein; Lingg, the bomb-maker, and Engel, the orator and bomb-maker, is death. Oscar W. Neebe, the eighth man, who was charged with circulating the "Revenge" circulars, is to receive fifteen years' imprisonment.

Chicago Inter-Ocean (Rep.), August 22.

THERE will be no more red flags or black flags paraded in our streets after this, nor in the streets of any city in the country. Anarchism is doomed. Avowed anarchists will be spotted men, whom the police will watch. Freedom of speech in America never was more sacred than it is to-day; licentiousness of speech, intended to incite men to deeds of riot and murder or to acts subversive of government and law, is certain to meet with sharp and decisive suppression. The public has learned a lesson in regard to American law it will not readily forget. State's Attorney Grinnell confessed that he had learned some law since the trial began. Nothing could be simpler than the statements and definitions made by Judge Gary in his charge to the jury; but, simple as they were, the effect of them in connection with the verdict has been somewhat like a revelation; that is, like a flash of fresh common sense. Liberty is not license. Government, as Washington declared, is not mere advice. Society is not based on anarchy; it is not consistent with anarchy. Anarchism is treason, and when any undertake actually to substitute it in place of law, it becomes a crime of the deepest die. Death is the only fitting penalty. But why was it necessary to go through such an ordeal in order to learn truths and facts so obvious and so vital to all our dearest institutions and interests? The fact is, the present is a good time to make confession. Anarchism was as vile and senseless, just as treasonable and heinous an offense a year ago this month as it is now. The duty of the municipal authorities to protect society from riot and incendiarism was the same then that it is to-day. The wrong of the matter was not wholly on one side. Another fact is, the public and the public men played with this matter; made light of crime and trifled with the public safety. It was just that kind of civic levity which, had it gone on unchecked, would have been itself one of the worst symptoms of social decadence. Politicians played with anarchists as a part of the instruments of their game. The people looked on and smiled grimly, and passed by, saying nothing. The prevalent insensibility of the sacredness of freedom and the laws that protect and make it possible was almost encouragement to outlawry and crime. Indeed, from the point of reverence for liberty as enthroned in law, of regard for law as glorified in the liberty of all, the spectacle which every week for years used to be presented by the muicipal government of this city in the way it encouraged and coddled anarchists for the sake of their votes can only be looked upon now as profoundly disgraceful. We all know what the price of liberty is. We in America have it in higher and nobler degree than any other people on the globe. It is a sacred trust. We ought to keep and guard and honor it. The lesson of this trial will not, of course, be final, but it can not fail to be useful. The popular temper that makes light of lawlessness and crime on the part of others is itself criminal, and it inevitably breeds consequences of its own kind. On the other hand, there are still other duties which we owe to the people who come thronging to our shores and crowding into our cities from the old world. As to this, in this connection, we only make the suggestion, and throw out the question as to what more might be done, in one way and another, to remove their prejudices, to dispel their illusions, to win their confidence, and to save them from the vile and disloyal and anarchistic co-operation of evil men.

Chicago Tribune (Rep.), August 22.

WHILE the anarchist cases involve no Federal question, the controversy as to the right of assemblage under the laws and constitution of this State has been determined already. The constitution of Illinois says:

The people have the right to assemble in a peaceable manner to consult for the common good, to make known their opinions to their representatives, and to apply for redress of grievances.

It has been found by the jury that such were not the purposes of the anarchists, but that they assembled in an unlawful manner to spread seditious doctrines, "throttle the law," and inaugurate riot and rapine. They assembled bearing concealed weapons and explosives, in violation of the laws of Illinois, and all the circumstances show they came to the meeting armed and prepared for the crimes which were committed before its close. It was not, as the jury found, a meeting to consult for the common good, to make known opinions to representatives, or to petition for a redress of grievances, but an assemblage of conspirators armed and prepared from the first for criminal purposes. The unlawful character of the meeting has already been determined by the jury, and this finding of fact is not sub

ject to review even by the supreme court of Illinois, which can pass only on legal questions. Still the murderous, communistic conspirators who sought to throttle the constitution and laws and now appeal to them for protection will have an opportunity to be heard in regard to every legal and technical quibble they can raise in the supreme court of this State.

New Yorker Staats-Zeitung (Ind.), August 21.

[Translated for PUBLIC OPINION.]

SUCH is the answer of the revolted sense of the American people to the anarchist bomb outrage, and it is not saying too much to add that this issue of the first great criminal prosecution against the members of the internationel subversion party in the United States, caught in flagrante delicto, has called forth a consternation in the camp of the anarchists as great as if a bomb intended for the "beast of order" had been sprung and exploded in their midst. The only hope of the assassins and of their associates in ideas rested upon the possibility of a disagreement of the jury; it was possible, indeed, that a masked social democrat or a coward might have got into the jury-box. And now that this hope has not been realized, a fearful hue and cry will be raised afresh over the monstrous "tendency" trial, over a "class" jury, and the prostitution of justice. Let justice take its course. Adolphus Fischer, the anarchist, yesterday adjudged to death, declared, trembling and faltering, after hearing the words of the jury: "That signifies the beginning of anarchy!" The man erred, for this signifies the death of anarchy!

New Orleans Times-Democrat (Dem.), August 21.

ALL the chapters in that dramatic and horrible Haymarket tragedy have been written save one; all the acts finished but the last. It was a drama attended by saturnalian lights and scenes. Act I represented the conspirators gathered in the ill-lighted gloom of their secret halls, under the folds of blood-red banners and among heaps of deadly bombs. Act II showed a wild mob turned loose on the streets, with murder in their flaming eyes, and the terrible weapons of assassins in their hands, or dead and wounded men lying amid the smoke of exploded bombs. Act III represents Justice standing as a Nemesis before a group of cowering criminals. Now, there is a short entre acte. When the curtain rolls up again, with a nation as spectators, to show the final tableau in act IV, it will disclose a row of gibbeted felons, with haltered throats and fettered hands and feet, swinging slowly to and fro in the air; then it will be rung down again, and the people will breathe freer, feeling that anarchism, nihilism, socialism, communism are forever dead in America!

Anzeiger des Westens (Dem.), St. Louis, August 21.
[Translated for PUBLIC OPINION.]

THE verdict of the jury and the severity of the sentence which rested upon it will surprise many, and such only as have not sufficiently weighed the deep impression which the dynamite outrage of the 4th of May had made upon the American people. Americans had relied with such confidence upon the fact that their free institutions afforded perfect equality before the law, and gave to the majority such unlimited power of modification of the law as would suffice to protect their country from the plots of revolutionary agitators. To the inhabitants of countries where no such equality, no universal right of suffrage exists, they were accustomed to concede a justification of the forcible overthrow of existing institutions which had become insupportable to the majority. But that in their own country there should be a party who earnestly believed in a subversion by force of their political and social system, this had not appeared to them possible.

Der Deutsche Correspondent (Dem.), Baltimore, August 21.
[Translated for PUBLIC OPINION.]

PUBLIC opinion has spoken through the mouth of the jury, for in all circles has reigned, since the 5th of May, but one voice. An unprecedented crime was committed--a crime which the accused threatened to commit, for which they had made preparations, and at whose perpetration they were present, almost to a man. Whoever threw the bomb acted in the spirit of the accused; they all expected by the wholesale slaughter of the police the advent of a new era. This new time has now dawned upon the United States, but in a manner different from what they had hoped and anticipated. The subversionists in all parts of the world will have trembled at the severe judgment pronounced on yesterday, and many a one who has hitherto regarded the United States as a Garden of Eden for anarchical agitation will now, doubtless, have had this judgment very considerably sobered down. L'Eco d'Italia (Ind.), New York, August 22.

cause.

[Translated for PUBLIC OPINION.]

THE public press continues to show itself hostile to the condemned and to their We declare ourselves explicitly in accord, in whole and throughout, with this judgment. The land is a free and hospitable one, but in according asylum and protection to whomsoever may come is, above all else, conservative; and woe to the man who makes an attack upon its institutions. Of the anarchists convicted at Chicago not one is an American. Flying from the tyranny of their respective governments, they took shelter in America. But not even this Government is suited to their tastes. Even here they wanted to conspire. Guests, they have

THE statement which comes to-day from Chicago that the Knights of Labor of that city are determined to expel all socialists from their assemblies will be hailed with satisfaction by all friends of organized labor. The Knights have always claimed, and with emphasis, that they have no sympathy with acts of violence resorted to in any conflict between the wage earners and the wage-payers. So long, however, as there was any evidence that any of their assemblies afforded shelter for socialists there was reason for suspecting that sufficient vigilance had not been shown in the matter of admission to the order. If the two Chicago branches which are believed to be controlled by anarchists have their charters revoked, the condemnation of the methods of those enemies of society in which the Knights have indulged will receive much more consideration than they hitherto have. Might it not be wise for assemblies nearer home to practice the same vigilance which their Chicago brethren are manifesting?

Philadelphia Telegraph (Rep.), August 23.

THERE is something almost laughable in the idea of a party of avowed revolutionists, who are in trouble because of their assaults on social and political organization, undertaking to make an appeal to the Supreme Court of the United States on the plea that their condemnation as murderers is an infringement of their constitutional rights. It is, of course, the first article of the amendments to the Constitution under which an appeal will be made against the verdict found by the Chicago jury last week. This provides that Congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of speech in the press, or the right of the people to peaceably to assemble and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. It is scarcely necessary, we think, to make an elaborate vindication of the radically dif ferent political and social ideas behind this clause of the Constitution and those which prompted the bomb-throwing in the Chicago Haymarket.

St. Paul Press (Rep.), August 21.

We do not believe that there was ever, with the single exception of the conviction of President Garfield's murderer, a verdict that was received by the millions with such sincere approval. The law has declared its majesty. Society has severed the arm that was raised against its very existence, and the rash and unthinking followers of fanatics who know and care nothing for our institutions, and who seek the shelter of Liberty's mantle only that they may deal her a death-blow, are warned that orderly freedom is not safe without its safeguards. The officers, the courts, the people of Chicago are to be congratulated upon a result which the whole nation applauds. Now, let there be no unnecessary delays or resorts to technicalities. Execute, unflinchingly, the righteous sentence upon these miserable men, and may the annals of the Republic never again contain the story of a deed as dark and hideous as theirs.

Chicago Times (Ind.), August 21.

It will exalt our administration of justice in the estimation of all the civilized nations of the earth. Never remarkable for its rigor nor for its certainty, the belief has prevailed in other lands that justice is feebler and property and life less secure here than elsewhere, and this feebleness and uncertainty of the adminis tration of justice in America has been imputed as a fault to our popular institutions by the upright, and regarded as a recommendation of them to the criminal classes and evangelists of anarchy. The extermination of the socialist malefactors in Chicago will tend powerfully to modify, for our good, the views on this country of the criminal as well as of the upright classes in the old world, and to discourage the disposition of the former to transfer the base of their criminal operations to our shores.

Omaha Bee (Rep.), August 21.

We believe it may be affirmed with entire justice that the prosecution of these misguided and unfortunate men has been conducted with the utmost fairness, and that every consideration which justice required with respect to their proper defense has been accorded. If the result was in anywise affected by public opinion and we are not disposed to think it was-that influence was certainly not allowed to prejudice their cause in court. They have been zealously, if not in all respects judiciously, defended, and no right that men on trial under such circumstances could claim has been denied them. As to the prosecution, it was conducted from beginning to end with distinguished ability and with a high sense of the great importance of the extraordinary case.

Las Novedades (Ind.), New York, August 23.

[Translated for PUBLIC OPINION.]

THE American public abhors the doctrines of these barbarians, foreigners almost every one of them, whose mere presence here is a blot upon the country. It is an affair of men who have been proscribed and banished by the laws of civilized nations. The sufferance of Americans alone affords them here an asylum; but the moment they abuse this hospitality and privilege, and with armed hand attack the public that tolerates them, any weakness would be a crime. The United States, that until now have been lenient towards them, will never willingly lend themselves to the machinations of anarchists and socialists who are now swarming into the country.

Birmingham, Alabama, Age (Dem.), August 21. STATESMEN have long looked to the crucial test of reconstruction of our American system, on the basis of revolutionized labor, with anxiety. From the South slavery has gone, and at the North free suffrage, European immigration, machinery, transportation and labor organizations have all come into the problem with one grand rush. The result at Chicago is cheering. The law is equal to the preservation of order. The common school will take care of the character of the law. The Republic will

live. The curious may begin an inquiry into the wholesome effects of Mr. Powderly's conservative management of the labor unions, and how far the acknowledged rights of labor organizations have exposed the infamy of anarchy. Baltimore American (Rep.), August 22.

It is the voice of the most popular of our institutions speaking with the dignity and awful severity of Justice. The people are not misled by the jargon or sophis tries of anarchism; they do not believe in "revolution" by force in this country, where the most radical revolutions may take place most peaceably by the ballotbox. Our popular Government is thus shown to be stronger against revolutionary violence than the most iron of the imperial governments of Europe, for it is the people themselves, and not the rulers, that are the vindicators of our institutions. The dynamite throwers in all parts of the world have learned a valuable lesson from the verdict of the twelve plain people of Chicago.

St. Louis Post-Dispatch (Dem.), August 21.

It may be stated as a general truth that in America men are allowed to preach any doctrine they please; but when their utterances connect themselves with lawless or murderous deeds in the relation of cause and effect, then the utterances become a part of the crime, and the man who delivers them is an accomplice of the man who violently breaks the law or slays his neighbor. On the same principle, mere speculative opinions in opposition to the right of people to own property can not be punished as crimes in themselves, but when a man uses them to incite to robbery or burglary the expression of such opinions becomes a part of the crime. New York World (Dem.), August 24.

SOCIETY can not afford to let these men escape. Though there were five thousand condemned to death, instead of seven, it must carry out the law. Suppose their threats and ravings were permitted to prevail? It would be nothing more than an invitation to the bomb-making and bomb-throwing to proceed. There can be no trifling in so plain and urgent a case. The execution of seven men now will save the executions of seven times seven later on. It would be mistaken mercy to swerve a hair's breadth from the decree of the court. threats of vengeance, the more certain should be the doom.

Detroit Free Press (Dem.), August 22.

The louder the

THE respect of the Chicago anarchists for law has increased a thousand fold since they howled in the Haymarket for the abrogation of authority and policemen and every semblance of government. They owe it to the law that they have had a fair and orderly trial instead of being hanged to the lamp-posts, as they would be but for the protection of the authorities. They owe to the law also the privilege of fighting against the verdict in their case and of appealing to a higher tribunal. They may not like that manifestation of the law which holds their lives forfeited, but they can not help respecting it.

New York Star (Dem.), August 23.

THE delays and failures of justice in just such cases furnish the crazy apostles of anarchy with the chief counts of their indictment against all government, and breed in the minds of people far removed from the influence of such teachings a contempt for our institutions more dangerous in the long run than the chatter of anarchists and dynamiters. The best answer to the charge that our whole system of government is administered in the interests of those who have money to spend is to loosen the grip of rascals on public affairs and consign a few powerfullybacked criminals to jail.

St. Louis Globe-Democrat (Rep.), August 22,

THE desperation with which the condemned Chicago anarchists and their friends clutch at straws is natural enough, but is doubtful if it will avail them in securing a mitigation of their punishment. Their guilt has been established by the most unimpeachable testimony, and the law upon the subject is clear and unmistakable The decent people of the country are not in the mood just now to permit these miscreants escaping the full punishment which their crimes merit, simply upon quibbles or technicalities which a few ingenious lawyers are enabled to conjure up.

New York Tribune (Rep.), August 24.

THE loud-mouthed anarchists who are so blatant in their denunciation of the Chicago judge, jury, and verdict may find themselves in trouble ere long. The police officers who were present at the meeting on Friday night have reported to the district attorney what was said by the speakers. Whether some of the fiery utterances there given vent to will not bring their authors within the scope of the law under which Most was convicted is a point to be decided. If they do, there will be no trouble in finding juries to send the offenders where Most is. Rochester Herald (Rep.), August 21.

IT IS, perhaps, just as well, on account of the moral effect this verdict will have upon like-minded men in Chicago and elsewhere, that the man who actually threw the bomb which did such terrible work was not included among the prisoners who have just been tried and convicted. It is thus shown with startling emphasis, not only that liberty in this country does not mean liberty to employ dynamite for the destruction of human lives, but that it does not even include liberty to advocate such a use of dynamite or any other destructive material.

New York Commercial Advertiser (Rep.), August 20. It is particularly to the jury that public gratitude is due, for upon them rested the responsibilty of the verdict, and against them anarchist vengeance would be wreaked, if the anarchists had the daring to wreak vengeance at all. Now, the duty of the Chicago municipal authorities should be, nevertheless, to guard against any possible anarchist outbreak against the brave men who have assisted to bring the eight thugs to justice, and to punish such an outbreak so severely that the last remnant of anarchy in Chicago will be forever quieted.

THE defense attorneys did not follow a single course. They did not contradict each other, but they ran counter to each other. This weakened the force of what any one of them did. They certainly made some mistakes-errors of judgment merely. They assumed too much prejudice and not enough intelligence and integrity in the jury; but, on the whole, the prisoners have had the very best protection the law could afford them.

National Republican (Rep.), August 21.

It may be that these men are ignorant, and it is an unquestioned fact that Mayor Harrison's indulgent policy encouraged them to go on for years in a course that could lead only to such scenes as were enacted on that fatal night when the police were murdered. But they had no excuse that could be accepted without abandoning all hope to restrain the most dangerous manifestation of criminal purposes ever seen in this country.

Chicago News (Ind.), August 21.

It is a verdict admirable in its completeness, and when its sentence is executed on the scaffold it will tell to the world that in Chicago, and throughout this Union, the will of the community is stronger than any of its disaffected elements; the law of the land, made by and for the people, above the malignity of anarchists.

Richmond State (Dem.), August 21.

A SUDDEN thunder-storm clears the atmosphere and quickly lowers the temperature. A brisk breeze whips the fever from the cheek and braces nerve and limb. Not less healthful and refreshing will be the severe punishment of these anarchists to the people of this country, excited already too long by fears of murderous outbreaks.

Memphis Avalanche (Dem.), August 21.

THE Chicago cases have diminished by no jot or tittle the liberties of the citizens, while they have drawn clearly the line between license and liberty and warned all men that the line American common-sense has sternly and clearly drawn with the sharp sword point of unquestioned and unimpugnable justice must not be crossed. New York Mail and Express (Rep.), August 21.

AND the people that fought each other four years, with a million and a half of determined men in the field, in order to settle conflicting ideas as to the best way in which to perpetuate our institutions, are back of these Chicago verdicts-in Chicago, in New York, in Boston, in New Orleans, and everywhere else.

Boston Journal (Rep.), August 21.

THIS result is a vindication of law and authority against the crimes of men who have no more claim for consideration at the hands of society than so many wild beasts. It marks a definite and permanent line beyond which the advocates of lawlessness and the preachers of anarchy will hardly find it safe to go.

Cleveland Plain Dealer (Dem.), August 22.

THERE is no class of citizens in Chicago and elsewhere in the country who are more anxious to see the full sentence of the law carried out on the anarchist wolves of society than the industrious workmen in whose behalf those murderous wretches professed to have committed their crimes.

Louisville Courier-Journal (Dem.), August 21.

THE safety of every home, the well-being of every family, the very existence of social order were involved in these trials, and now that it is shown that our laws are sufficient to deal with any form of organized lawlessness, there is everywhere a feeling of greater security.

THE crowd which had assembled at the opening of the court remained more than an hour after the room had been vacated, commenting upon the sentence, and recalling that which had been passed upon the boycotters of New York and the rioters of Milwaukee. Hence the conclusion that in all parts of the United States public sentiment energetically condemns revolutionary proceedings, and is firmly resolved to repress them with all the rigor of the law. Translated for Public Opinion from the Courrier des Etats-Unis (Ind.), New York, August 21.

CARRY the news to Europe that dynamiters are not safe here. Cowardly, sneaking assasins come jibbering across the waters, and are not a week here before they attempt to destroy the police and sack a city. The Chicago verdict will be a terrible revelation to them.-Nashville Union (Dem.), August 21.

THE people are able and determined to preserve their rights and property against the plots of such men as Spies, Lingg, and Parsons, and the same scaffold that bears their dangling forms will also hold the dead body of anarchism in America.-Albany Journal (Rep.), August 21.

THIS is the greatest victory that the spirit of law and order has achieved in the United States within the past decade. It is the most severe blow that has been given to the cause of anarchy, during the same time, at any place in the world.Denver Tribune-Republican (Rep.), August 21.

ONE of the doomed men is reported to have said that the reign of anarchy is just beginning. But society feels safer and stronger. It is the end of anarchy. Why? Because the verdict is pronounced by twelve plain men of the people.— Indianapolis Sentinel (Dem.), August 21.

PEOPLE who ordinarily regret the taking of life must in this case concede that the plot was so foul, the execution so terrible, and the principle at which the conspirators struck so sacred that they have forfeited all right to life or sympathy.— Columbus Dispatch (Ind.), August 21.

IF the hanging of the seven wretched men who have been condemned to death will rid the country of the pestilent anarchists, or hold them in wholesome dread of the law, their lives will not have been wholly wasted,-Pittsburgh Commercial-Gazette (Rep.), August 21.

THE whole law-abiding land is safer, its air purer, its conditions more favorable this week than they were last week, and, as the national honor is felt to be more secure, so its reputation will be enhanced in every quarter of Christendom.- Wash

war.

Cincinnati Commercial Gazette (Rep.), August 22.

THE Conviction of the dynamite scoundrels who were in the lead is probably the greatest act to sustain the business and social courage of the people since the civil Its lesson is that only by peace and order and confidence and good feeling generally in local communities can one hope to thrive, and make in the aggregate a great and prosperous nation.

THEY are not martyrs, and the sentimental pictures of their heroic bearing, and the anguish of the mothers, wives, and sweethearts who anticipate their bereavement, can not gain for them the public sympathy.-Springfield Republican (Ind.), August 21.

A MISERABLE hair-brained Guiteau can cast a whole nation in mourning. What infinite capacity for harm is there in a thousand Guiteaus armed with dynamite and bent on destruction - Philadelphia Press (Rep.), August 21.