sold to a New York lady for $500. A miniature of Mrs. Greene, by Picot, has been sold to the same lady for $150.- -Cincinnati's new Art Museum has been opened with appropriate ceremonies. In general character it is modeled upon the South Kensington. In his opening speech President Ingalls said: "We have sufficient land in a convenient and beautiful location; a building that has cost about $330,000; $75,000 in money, with which we are erecting an addition for the art schools; securities in the different endowment funds amounting to nearly $600,000, and treasures in the building, purchased with our income or given by kind friends, valued at over $150,000."- Mr. Clarence Cook is publishing in his fortnightly Studio a complete critical record of the Prize-Fund pictures now on exhibition at the American Art Galleries.--The exhibition of pictures by French Impressionist painters held lately at the American Art Galleries was reopened to the public at the National Academy of Design. Manet's "Boy with the Sword," a few more Renoirs, a couple of ballet subjects by Degas, some dogs by Mélin, and a few other works, have been added to the collection. Miss Mary Cassatt, the American Impressionist, has two works, one a half-length of a middle-aged lady in white, reading; the other shows the same figure with three children. They rank with all but the best of the French works in the exhibition.

LITERARY.

NOTES. Mr. Stockton is so much encouraged by the reception accorded to "The late Mrs. Neill " that he has begun another novel.- -The Chace bill providing for international copyright has been formally reported to 'the Senate. It requires that foreign works be printed here if they are to enjoy the advantages of American copyright.. -Clara Louise Kellogg is said to be the author of "Taken by Siege." The author of the story "Monsieur Motte," which attracted attention in the first number of the New Princeton is said to be Miss Grace King, of New Orleans.- -Matthew Arnold is coming to lecture; his new theme is to be " Points on Foreign Education." It is also mentioned that his son is setting his poems to music.- -Mr. Julian Hawthorne has become the literary editor of The World and Mr. G. P. Lathrop of The Star.- -Messrs. Putman have become the publishers of the American Geographical Society.- -Mr. G. W. Carleton, the publisher, who has retired, went into business in 1857. He found that wit and humor paid, and published the works of Artemus Ward, Josh Billings and others.- -A Centennial History of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of New York is published by Appleton & Co.; it contains seven steel portaits of bishops, besides other illustrations.Sotheby, Wilkinson & Hodge, the London auctioneers, will begin to sell July 1st the second portion of Mr. H. Stevens' Historical collections relating to America.—“ Earthquakes and other Earth Movements," by Prof. John Milne, of the Imperial College of Engineering, Tokio, will be the subject of the next volume of the International Scientific series.- -Messrs. Appleton will soon

begin an International Education Series. Two volumes are nearly ready for pub lication. "The Philosophy of Education," by Dr. J. K. F. Rosenkranz, of the University of Königsberg, and "A History of Education," by Prof. F. V. N. Painter, of Roanoke College, Virginia. The series will embrace works by European as well as American authors, and will be edited and contibuted to by Dr. W. T. Harris.- -Mrs. Maxwell, the granddaughter of Lockhart, and the great granddaughter of Sir Walter Scott, is the guest of Mrs. de Gowmendia, of New York.- -The Pekinger Zeitung hears that a Chinese writer named Wongtzi was recently sentenced to be quartered, because in one of his scientific works he had enumerated the names of several of the departed Chinese Emperors, which is strictly against the court etiquette. His punishment was, however, mitigated to decapitation, and his children will be allowed to live until next autumn, when they too will be executed.- -On Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday of next week Messrs. Bangs & Co. will sell at auction a large collection of miscellaneous books, which includes first editions of Hawthorne, Emerson, Whittier, Lowell, Poe, and Whitman, as well as some rare Franklin imprints, scarce Americana, French literature and literary autographs.- -It is said that Gen. Rush Hawkins is about to sell his library.Good Housekeeping has an account of Mrs. Geo. W. Childs' $40,000 dinner set, and gives a picture of her dinner table groaning beneath its load of silver, china and glass.The Atlantic for June has a fine article on Balzac, by Geo. F. Parsons.- -Austin Dobson, with the aid of illustrations describes "A Literary Ramble Along the Thames."- King Arthur," by the author of John Halifax, is said to be one of her very best works- -Miss Woolson's "East Angels," which has been running in Harper's as a serial, is now published in complete form.- -Prince Albert Victor and Prince George have jointly written an account of their cruise on the corvette Bacchante. The story has been edited by their father, the Prince of Wales, and will appear on Tuesday next. The announcement of the work has excited the curiosity of the public.-D. Lothrop & Co. announce "The Story Book of Science," by Lydia Hoyt Farmer. -Ginn & Co. will have ready in June an edition of Harriet Martineau's "The Peasant and the Prince," with notes for schools. Mr. Andrew Carnegie's "Triumphant Democracy" has reached a 5th edition, and is being translated into French, German, Italian and Hungarian. - Mrs. Mary E. Ireland, of Baltimore, has finished a German translation entitled "Betty's Decision.", Ginn & Co. will have ready in July "A Beginner's Book in French," with comic illustrations, designed for children, by Sophie Doriot.—Mr. Brett, the American representative of Messrs. Macmillan, denies the newspaper story that Mr. Malcolm Macmillan is the author of the novel " Dagonet the Jester."- -Mrs. Louise Chandler Moulton leaves Boston next week for England, accompanied by another writer, Miss Eliza R. Scidmore, of Washington. Mr. James Elliot Cabot, Emerson's literary executor, has nearly completed his memoir of the seer, but will probably withhold it from publication until next year.- The convention or festival of Western literarians which certain Indiana writers have been planning, is to be held at Indianapolis June 30 and July 1. Fifty contributions of prose and poetry have been promised for the

occasion, and the best music of the West has been engaged.Lord Tennyson lives absolutely out of the world, and associates only with a choice circle of special friends. Mr. Browning lives in the world, and during "the season," dines in society every day.If the number of copies sold of a book may be taken as an indication of its popularity, Mr. F. Marion Crawford's latest novel promises to outstrip any of the author's previous works, over 21,000 copies of The Tale of a Lonely Parish" having already been disposed of up to the present time. Of "Doctor Claudius" 20,000 copies were sold in all. "Mr. Isaacs" sold steadily up to 30,000 copies, and the cheap paper edition of the novel which the Macmillans are about to publish will, it is expected, add at least 10,000 to that number. Notwithstanding "Mr. Isaacs" selling qualities, the publishers are confident that "The Tale of a Lonely Parish" will exceed them all.

BOOKS OF THE WEEK.

Owing to the bewildering variety recently introduced into the size and form of printing paper the old designation of books, as 4to, Evo, 12mo, &c., gives little indication of size; we shall therefore, in order to be of most service to our readers, give the measures of books in inches and quarters, the number first, given being the length. We shall also add the number of pages and kind of binding.

A HANDBOOK OF ENGLISH HISTORY, BY M. J. Guest and Francis H. Underwood. 7x51, 614 pages, cloth. Lee & Shephard, Boston; C. T. Dillingham, New York.

We took up this book with a growl that another history of England had been imposed upon us. We read a few pages, and were fascinated with its simple and eloquent style. The book is as fresh as the latest novel. The old dry bones of the past are breathed upon by a living spirit, and behold they live clothed with flesh and blood and armor and robe and rag. It is a history of the peasant as well as the peer, of the common people as well as courtiers. We have no hesitancy in saying that it is a grand book. Their author was a lecturer in the college for men and women in London. He gave these lectures to urge his classes to read for themselves. Mr. T. A. Underwood has adapted them to the people of the United States and continued them from the death of Mr. Guest to the present date. It would be well for students of history to add this to their libraries, and we would like to see it used as a textbook in all our public schools.

HOW THEY LEARNED HOUSEWORK.-By Christina Goodwin. 7x5, 149 pages, cloth. 75 cents. D. Lothrop & Co., Boston.

This bright little book is intended for girls from fourteen to sixteen. Under the guise of an interesting story it gives a deal of information relative to housekeeping, or just that part of housekeeping which young people are capable of taking a hand in-sweeping, dusting, bed-making, sewing, plain cooking, with experiments in preserve and jelly making. Four young girls form themselves into a club, and under the direction of the projector of the scheme-the mother of one of the members-enter upon the work with as much interest and enthusiasm as if it were a tennis or croquet club. The story of their meetings and their failures and successes will be read with thorough enjoyment by girls who have an ambition to learn to do something useful and have never known exactly how to set about it. Put it into the hands of all the young girls of the country.

WHO IS GUILTY. By Philip Woolf, M, D. $1. Cassell & Co., New York. 7x5, 247 pp. Cloth, gilt lettered.

An ingenious story which holds the attention all the way through and ends with a startling surprise.

PAMPHLETS.

JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY STUDIES. An Introduction to the Constitutional and Polit ical History of the States. By J. Franklin Jameson, Ph. D. N. Murray, Baltimore. 50 cents.

A PURITAN COLONY IN MARYLAND. By Daniel R. Randall. N. Murray, Baltimore. 50 cents.

THE CONSPIRACY AGAINST SILVER. By E. J. Farmer. Cleveland: Hiles & Coggshall. JUNE MAGAZINES.

WIDE-AWAKE.-$3.00 per year. 25 cents. D. Lothrop & Co., Boston.

This well known and beautiful magazine makes the editor of PUBLIC OPINION wish he were a boy again. To start in life with such guidance and mental pabulum as this affords is better than to be born with the proverbial silver spoon in one's mouth. WORDS AND WEAPONS FOR CHRISTIAN WORKERS. Edited by Rev. Geo. F. Penteint, D. D. $1 per year. Published by Jos. H. Richards, New York. A very useful journal for evangelists, revivalists, &c.

THE PANSY. D. Lothrop & Co., publishers. £1 per year.
As sweet, as pretty, and as ardently loved by children as its namesake is loved by
the world. This is a specially attractive number.

THE CENTURY. The Century Co., New York. $1 a year; 35 cents a single number.
This is the queen of mo-—. Pshaw! What's the use of gilding gold or painting

lilies ?

"JOHN," inquired the counsel of the witness, at the same time casting a facetious glance at the jury, "when you Chinamen take your celestial oath in court, what is done with the chicken after its head is cut off?"

"Some lawyee glet him," replied the witness.-The Sun.

THREE weeks ago an Indiana man taught his dog, a very finely-bred, wellbehaved setter, to chew tobacco. Now the dog comes into the house by the back door, never scrapes his feet on the mat, never goes to church, is careless at his meals, gets burrs in his tail, goes with a lower grade of dogs, and it is feared that he is beginning to take an interest in politics.-Burdette.

ANARCHISTS should not be bailed out. They should be baled out.-Puck "No, sir," remarked the irate customer, banging the bottle down upon the drug-store show case; "I don't want any more of Pott's Liver Cure." "It's a very good remedy, sir," suggested the clerk, timidly.

Yes; maybe it is for Pott's liver. Probably it is. But it wasn't worth a cuss for mine."-Puck.

A "HOME for Nurses" is to be built in Philadelphia. What's the good of building a home for nurses? If they're all like the ones you employ to look after your children, they'll never stay there.-R. J. Burdette, in Brooklyn Eagle.

PROFESSIONAL BURGLAR'S WIFE-"What in heaven's name have you got now?" Professional burglar-"I saw a couple of white mice when I was on my way home from work and I thought they would be nice to have in the house." Professional burglar's wife-"Yes; but, Bill, ain't you afraid they'll squeal on you?"-Judge.

THE LIFE-SAVING PROPERTIES OF WHISKY.-"Yes," said a man desperately who had just purchased a loaded revolver, "one dollar is all I have left in the world, and that I shall spend for whisky. When the last cent is gone I shall blow my miserable brains out."

Two hours later he had spent his dollar, and was pawning his revolver to buy more whisky with.-New York Sun.

EVENTS OF THE WEEK.

THURSDAY, MAY 27.

DOMESTIC.-The Church Congress at Cleveland closes. Twenty-two anarchists indicted for murder and inciting to murder at Chicago. The testimony for the prosecution of Herr Most ended. The first M. E. church, of Elmira, N. Y., worth $70,000, destroyed by fire.

CONGRESSIONAL.-Eulogies on the late Senator Miller were pronounced in the Senate. The Shipping bill passed unanimously by both Houses. The Oleomargarine bill debate continued.

FOREIGN. Mr. Gladstone holds an important meeting of Liberals, makes modifications to his home-rule bill, and unites many disaffected members of his party. A bill for the expulsion of the French princes read in the Chamber of Deputies. Spurgeon attacks and opposes Gladstone's home-rule scheme, and calls him a mad

man.

FRIDAY, MAY 28.

DOMESTIC.-Official and authoritative announcement that President Cleveland will be married at the White House to Miss Frances Folsom, of Buffalo, N. Y., on Wednesday evening, June 2d, at 7 o'clock. The Knights of Labor are in general assembly at Cleveland, Ohio, Master Powderly presiding. John H. Deane, treasurer of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, is charged with misappropriating its funds. Another anarchist plot is discovered in Chicago. Indictment of Democratic election officials at Cincinnati is rumored. The Massachusetts general court voted to restrict the labor of women and children to ten hours a day. Most and his associates found guilty. Gen. Clinton B. Fiske is nominated as Prohibition candidate for Governor of New Jersey.

CONGRESSIONAL-Both branches in session. In the Senate the Northern Pacific land grant was debated. In the House the oleomargarine bill continued in discussion.

FOREIGN. A motion by the Tories to adjourn the House of Commons defeated by an almost unanimous vote. Premier Norquay, of Manitoba, having been called a contemptible liar on the floor of the Provincial Parliament, at Winnipeg, felled the offending member with his fist. Reports by Mackay-Bennett cable show that there is much indignation in Switzerland over the operations of the Mormon agents who are at work in all the chief cities and cantons of the Republic. Greece refu ses to disarm.

SATURDAY, MAY 29.

DOMESTIC. Decoration Day observed in many cities in preference to Monday, the 31st. The New Jersey Railroad tax law is declared constitutional by the court of errors and appeals. The Knights of Labor and the trades-unions seek to settle the differences between them and unitedly urge President Cleveland to treat im

prisoned strikers with clemency. Andrew Carnegie offers to found a library and music hall in Allegheny City costing $250,000, and $500,000 to Pittsburgh for similar purposes. The Presbyterian assembly at its sessions at Minneapolis pass resolutions advocating international arbitration, and the Assembly of Southern Presbyterian churches urge the deposition of Prof. Woodward for being a believer in the doctrine of evolution. The Baptist Publication Society holds its anniversary in Asbury Park. The corner-stone of the exposition building laid in Minneapolis. CONGRESSIONAL-Senate not in session. House debated the oleomargarine bill. An amendment to reduce the tax from 10 cents to 2 cents defeated.

DOMESTIC. Decoration Day services held generally throughout the country. The President and his cabinet reviewed the processions in New York and Brooklyn, and attended the memorial services at the Academy of Music in the evening. The memorial services at the tomb of General Grant specially impressive, nearly all the States of the Union contributing floral offerings. A fearful storm raged in Montana. Car conductors and drivers strike in Pittsburgh. The General As sembly of the Knights of Labor adopt strong resolutions on the land question, demanding that the public domain shall be reserved for actual settlers; that un earned grants shall be forfeited; that alien ownership shall be prohibited, and that fences be removed from public lands.

DOMESTIC.-President Cleveland and Miss Frances Folsom united in marriage in the Blue Room of the White House, the Rev. Byron Sunderland and Rev. Mr. Cleveland, brother of the groom, officiating. Congratulations received from Queen Victoria, President Grevy, King Leopold, President Diaz, Emperor Dom Pedro, Emperor William, and other crowned heads of Europe, and Presidents of the Central and South American republics. After the ceremony and congratulations the President and Mrs. Cleveland go by special train to Deer Park. Herr Most, at New York, receives a sentence of one year in the penitentiary and a fine of $500. The North Atlantic Squadron, U. S. Ñ., is ordered to prepare for The funeral of the late John Kelly is set for Saturday, the 5th inst.

sea.

CONGRESSIONAL.-The Senate debates the Northern Pacific land forfeiting bill, and the House devotes the day to debate on the oleomargarine bill.

FOREIGN. The steamship Siberia is reported safe. The Parnellites are planning to strengthen Gladstone in the home-rule struggle. Russia's warlike preparations excite alarm. Gen. Caceres is to be proclaimed president of Peru to-morrow. At Paris Premier de Freycinet, in announcing the decision of the government to expel the princes, says there is no fear of danger, but that the attitude of the princes has disturbed public opinion, and their presence affords a rallying point for enemies of the republic.

VOL. I.

No. 9.

LABOR AND CAPITAL.

THE KNIGHTS AT CLEVELAND..

The Special Assembly of the Knights of Labor, which convened in Cleveland, Ohio, on May 25th and adjourned on June 3d, has elicited much press comment, representative selections from.which are here collated.

The Crafsman, Washington, June 5.

According to reports from the K. of L. convention some sort of underground conspiracy has been unearthed whereby an "inner circle," known as the Home Club, has sought to control the order to their own benefit. In commenting on this club and its influences, some of the reports in the daily papers claim that it has dominated the convention and elected its own members to the new positions on the executive board, which foreshadows the defeat of Powderly and the downfall of the order. This sort of Associated Press comment is all moonshine. The press have been too fulsome in their praise of Powderly. Not that the General Master Workman does not deserve all the praise that he has received from the moneyed men, but he does not need it. Mr. Powderly has been a wise, far-seeing, and sagacious leader, and the honeyed words of the capitalistic press are poured into his ears with the same intent that the devil tempted Christ on the mountain. But however able, grand, and noble Mr. Powderly may be, the order is not worthy of survival if it can not survive without him. We feel sufficient confidence in the delegates at Cleveland to believe they are above corruption and bribery, although they may not be as finished statesmen as those who buy their way into Congress. A resolution was adopted requesting Congress to declare the national election day a legal holiday. A letter was ordered sent to the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers. The contents and character of the letter are withheld until it has been received by Amalgamated Association, but the assurance is given that it contains nothing but good will and the spirit of fraternity. It was resolved to appoint at once and send to Washington a special committee of three to look after the labor legislation now pending before Congress. The committee on legislation presented the following propositions in the nature of demands on Congress, which were ratified by the convention:

1. That patents for the public lands be given to actual settlers only.

2. That all land owned by any individual or corporation in excess of 160 acres, whether improved or unimproved, shall be taxed to the full value of improved lands.

3. Calling for the immediate forfeiture of all lands where the conditions of the grant have not been complied with.

4. Asking that patents on lands where the conditions have been complied with be issued forthwith, so that taxation may take effect at once.

5. Calling for the removal of fences from the public domain.

6. That after 1890 the Government shall, by purchase and right of eminent domain, obtain possession of all lands now held by aliens.

7. That after 1886 aliens shall be prohibited from acquiring titles to lands.

8. Asking the abolition of laws requiring a property qualification for voters.

9. Requesting the passage of a law levying a graduated income tax.

10. Protesting against the cutting down of the appropriation for the labor bureau.

II. Asking for the passage of the bills approved by the Congressional labor committee.

12. Asking for the passage of a law prohibiting the employment in mines, shops, factories, etc., of minors for more than eight hours per day.

The following resolution was adopted:

Resolved, That we will hold responsible at the ballot-box all Members of Congress who neglect or refrain from voting in compliance with these demands.

Chicago Herald (Ind.), June 3.

A GOVERNMENT and a bank are as distinct and separate in their functions as are a church and a soap factory. The scheme proposed by the Knights of Labor would confer upon the Government all the functions of a banker, a money-loaner, a note shaver and a pawnbroker. In private life it has been found that in order to carry on any of these businesses successfully great experience and a special fitness were necessary, and even these have sometimes failed. The knightly financiers would have the President appoint in each county in the United States a cashier and a teller, who would, of course, be politicians, and then, after supplying them with a bale or two of government notes, they would be instructed to loan this money "on good security" at 3 per cent. per annum. To keep up appearances it is especially provided that all paper thus issued shall be redeemable in coin, a very wise precaution, as before very long there would be a great and growing desire to see the color of the metal on which it was based. The ease with which loans could be obtained would very soon give the country an abundance of money, and for a little while things would boom, beyond a doubt. The Government printing presses would not turn out the notes faster than owners of lands, houses and stocks

and bonds would take them. Every man who owned anything, and some, it is to be feared, who owned nothing, would have plenty of ready money, and prices would go kiting, but by the time that the redemption fever seized hold of the more cautious members of society, gold, and even the despised silver dollar, would be so high that an extension ladder would be needed to reach them. At this interesting juncture a great a majority of the Government tellers and cashiers would probably be found in Canada, and the job of getting the Republic down to hard pan would be more tedious and expensive than any similar undertaking of which there is any record. If this foolish scheme of inflation and speculative madness is a fair specimen of the intelligence of the controlling spirits of the Knights of Labor that organization is destined to be short-lived.

Charleston News and Courier (Dem.), June 4.

THE Knights of Labor have struck at the heart of one of the greatest political evils of the time in this country, and have struck home. And, what is of vast consequence, the good results of their endeavors to secure freedom and purity in the conduct of elections, if successful, will not be confined to the knights themselves, but will extend to every humble worker and honest citizen in the land. It is strange, indeed, that this important movement has been delayed so long. The benefits which it promises to secure for the country at large are so manifest and so numerous that the only wonder is that it was not inaugurated and carried out many years ago. Once established, it will be readily understood, the election holiday will have come to stay. It is unquestionably of far more importance that election day should be free from work and interference and obstruction than any other that could be named.

New York Commercial Advertiser (Rep.), June 1.

A GRADUATED income tax will not accomplish the purpose desired, except in seeming. The man who has an income from accumulated capital receives it either in the shape of rent for property, interest upon money lent, or profits on goods produced or handled. If his revenue is from rent, he adds the income tax to his rent charges; and, as all owners of property do and must do the same, the rates of rent rise by just so much. The tenants who pay the rent in their turn exact more for the goods they: ell or the service they perform, and in the end the whole of the income tax is added to the prices paid by all of us for the things we use. In short, the tax is borne by consumers, as all taxes are. The same is true if the income is derived from money lent or from goods produced or handled. In every case the burden ultimately falls upon productive industry, and is paid by consumers.

Chicago Tribune (Rep.), June 3.

UNDER the Low scheme of banking every rascal in the country would be able to secure loans limited only by the rotten, worthless securities he could palm off on political postmasters. Attempting to recoup itself by foreclosing, the Government would become possessed of depreciated, worn-out property that would be useless on its hands and could be disposed of only at ruinous losses. Meantime it would have to redeem its notes in gold and silver, and the political cashiers would go on swelling the obligations of the Government without limit or restraint. The advocacy of such a crazy, preposterous scheme simply shows the conviction of the Knights' convention that a forced loan can be made on the tax-payers through the medium of the Government to secure funds for impecunious borrowers who cannot furnish such security as individual lenders require.

Florida Times-Union, (Dem.), June 3.

Ir is a bad omen to see the Knights of Labor adopting the paternal theory of Government, and looking to legislation to remedy every evil or wrong that happens to challenge their attention. The demand that the United States Government abolish banks and private money lenders, and lend money to everybody that wants it, and take charge of all savings, is the most astounding proposition of centralization that has ever been seriously made by a representative body of men in the history of the country. Of course, the first result of trying to carry it out would be to bankrupt the Government, or to compel repudiation on a scale that will cause greater losses and destruction of values than were caused by the civil war.

Galveston News (Dem.), June 4.

THE knights, it appears, would consolidate in the Government all the powers of protectionism and monopoly, and make all individual welfare depend upon control over the Government machine. Their scheme may be ridiculed and denounced, as it ought to be; but it will gain a crowd of adherents among men who smart under the effects of class legislation and favoritism. It is requisite, for effective prevention, that there should be a real reform by restoration of liberty in production and exchange. The objectionable schemes of the State socialists grow out of the cramping, inequitable, and corrupting system of denials of economic freedom, and will not be dissipated by criticism.

Pittsburgh Dispatch (Ind.), June 6.

THERE are one or two things that the Knights of Labor should beware of. One is against permitting themselves to become the champions to such a piece of financial crankism as establishing the rate of interest by statute, or such impracicable socialism as placing all the loaning business in the hands of the Govern

ment, with "practical politicians" determining the value of securities and distributing the loanable funds. The other is against inflicting on the public the burden of the wild notion that because one employer and his employes do not agree the entire community must be punished.

Leavenworth Times (Rep.), June 5.

THE trouble with any plan to effect a junction between the Knights of Labor and the agriculturists is that the demands of the Knights would ruin the farmers. Or think of a Think of eight hours for a day's labor on a farm in harvest time! day of eight hours on a farm at any other time except in the dead of winter, when all farm labor except the care of stock is suspended! In plowing time, in seeding time, in hoeing time, as well as at harvest time, eight hours' labor in a day would be insufficient either in preparing the ground, depositing the seed, or properly caring for the crop.

Pittsburgh Commercial-Gazette (Rep.), June 5.

THE leaders of the Knights of Labor are not practical financiers, and it is not to be wondered at that they got far astray when they undertook to formulate a scheme for national banking. When it is remembered, however, that currency tinkering is not confined to any order or class or party, and that the wildest theories of finance have been advocated in political conventions, and even on the floors of Congress, it is neither just nor wise to ridicule the recommendations of the Cleveland convention on this subject.

Kansas City Journal (Rep.), June 3.

THE action of the Knights of Labor, as to political and economic questions, is in a direction to which nobody can take exception-save as to their soundness and practicability. They have exactly the same rights in this direction as any other body of citizens, be they called Republican, Democratic, Greenback, Prohibition, or what not. It is the American method, and the only one open for peaceable and law-respecting people under our form of government.

COMMENTS ON THE GENERAL RESULT. The Courrier des Etats-Unis, New York, June 5.

[Translated expressly for PUBLIC OPINION.]

THE Convention of the Knights of Labor which remained for ten days in session at Cleveland has not accomplished the results which were anticipated by its organizers. The dominant thought that presided at its convocation was the desire to regain the ground lost, since ill-advised strikes weakened the sympathies inspired by the association. They wanted also to put a stop to the dissentions which were beginning to manifest themselves, either in its own bosom or else between it and other labor organizations. The means by which Mr. Powderly and the other chiefs hoped to arrive at this end were these: To add new members to the executive committee; to limit the right to order strikes to this committee alone, and to bind the trade-unions to the Knights of Labor, by making them virtually recognize the latter as the center around which would gravitate the labor movement in the United States. Now the convention has strongly approved of the augmentation of the number of the directional committee; but has manifested at the same time a tendency opposed to the ideas of moderation which Mr. Powderly personifies. The con vention has likewise adopted the proposition to subordinate the organization of strikes to the approval of the executive committee; but has nullified, almost completely, the salutary effect of this measure, by adding this restriction, except in case of `urgency.' Finally, the attempts at reconciliation or conciliation of the Knights of Labor with the trade-unions have accomplished no result: these associations intending to preserve the right of adjusting their own differences, and of transacting their own affairs, without admitting the intervention of a superior power. address to the cultivators of the soil is conceived in the same spirit; it invites the grangers, patrons of husbandry, to make common cause with the "workmen of the anvil and the metier" to combat usurpation and monopoly, under the banner of the Knights. In a work, the order, already too powerful to escape jealousies and mistrusts seems to us to put on aggressive allurements, which will give umbrage to all those who attach any price to their independence; and, at the same time, arouse the sensibilities of such, as removed from the circle of immediate action, dread seeing a power develop itself, which might soon become a State within the State, without guaranties against false moves, which are to be foreseen, unfortunately, but too easily.

The New Yorker Staats-Zeitung, June 4.

[Translated expressly for PUBLIC OPINION.]

The

THE founders of the order of Knights of Labor thought as little of creating a colossal strike-and-boycott machine by their association as the founders of the Tammany Society anticipated that out of the latter a band of political brigands would arise, as was really the case. The ideal task of accomplishing a moral, intellectual, and material elevation of the condition of the workingman may not have been practicable, apart from the active co-operation of the Knights of Labor in the labor movement, and with their entrance upon the scene the idea was evolved of creating out of the order a sort of central jurisdiction, with a common leadership in their combined efforts; but this undertaking had, from the first, no prospect of success. At the first crisis of the labor agitation the order of Knights of Labor, which for a time had taken such a lofty flight, was so staggered that it could only issue from the contest battered and crippled. In this crisis the Cleveland convention was convoked to fortify the order against the storm of antagonistic elements and the misuse of the order in committing excesses through which the labor movement had been defeated; but it proved otherwise. The danger associated with the preponderance of the radicals in the order of Knights is, however, not great, for with the tendencies which such elements might give to the order the latter can no longer dream of concentrating the power of the labor unions. These

Brooklyn Eagle (Dem.), June 4.

THROUGH all the misstatement, malice and hyperbole with which a disappointed faction has endeavored to obscure the truth the fact is patent to-day that the conservative and sober-minded element which is so admirably represented by Mr. Powderly has won a great and enduring triumph. The principles for which he stands have guided the order in the reorganization of its working appliances and labor once more goes forward to honorable conquest with the support and countenance of the American people. It goes forward, moreover, under the banner of the Knights as an organized body, directed and controlled by intelligent authority, pledged to use only those methods which law and reason countenance, and to submit itself heartily and frankly to its own officers. This is a great victory for common sense and for the industrial mass the world over. Mr. Powderly has manifestly laid the foundations of his order deeper and broader than the people thought. The Knights of Labor is an organization that is fit to stand for industry, and that is the real outcome of the convention.

Montreal Gazette, June 5.

THE Knights of Labor convention at Cleveland has evidently failed to accomplish the results hoped for or intended. After ten days of deliberation an adjournment has been had, leaving some of the most important questions yet undecided. Boycotting, which the leaders of the order denounced while their followers made lavish use of it, has not, so far as the outside public can judge, been regulated; those who provoked the unsuccessful Southwestern strike have not been condemned; their differences with the trades unions have not been settled; the increase of the number of the executive board has resulted in the introduction of elements that Mr. Powderly evidently fears and has sought to counteract; the "demand" they issued as a basis for future national legislation relates not to labor questions but to matters affecting the public domain; the recalling of the commissions of six hundred organizers can only be regarded as a confession that the order has reached, if it has not exceeded, the limits within which it may be controlled and its usefulness maintained.

New York Star (Dem.), June 5.

THE eagerness with which some of our contemporaries insist that Powderly has been circumvented and the seeds of dissolution planted in the Knights of Labor is suspicious. They say that Powderly is a good man, sensible and conservative in his views, and that his overthrow indicates that the order will now be guided by wild men into evil and dangerous courses. When Mr. Powderly comes forward and declares that there is no truth in the stories of his overthrow, these papers calmly assure him that he is scared and that he lies. According to them, then, the destruction of the Knights of Labor is assured by the overthrow of a great and good coward and liar. For ourselves, we do not believe Mr. Powderly is either, and we think he is likely to know more about what happened at Cleveland than the newspapers.

The Deutsches Volksblatt, Buffalo, June 3.

[Translated expressly for PUBLIC OPINION.1

An at

THE Knights of Labor, it is well-known, often stand in antagonism to the "Unions," which most profess allegiance to socialistic doctrines, or which, here and there, as is the case, partly incline to anarchy; and to this hostility is to be ascribed, in some measure, the failure of the late eight-hour movement. tempt will now be made to bridge over the chasm, and from the conferences which the leaders of the "Knights" have held in Cleveland with the representatives of the "Unions," it is believed that a favorable issue to the projet may be counted

upon.

Philadelphia Inquirer (Rep.), June 5.

THE Outcome of the Cleveland convention has most painfully demonstrated that the wise counsels of the General Master Workman are not acceptable to the majority of the leaders of the order. In the election of members of the general executive board the convention of the Knights clearly placed itself upon the other side of the argument, and gave notice to Mr. Powderly and the country that it preferred the Martin Irons sort of leader to the Powderly sort.

Der Deutsche Correspondent, Baltimore, June 9.

[Translated expressly for PUBLIC OPINION.]

THE workingmen have discovered that in the meanwhile nothing at all has been granted them; that they have sacrificed their last victim in vain; and that their association no longer enjoys the esteem in which it was held some months ago. The worst is yet to come-the suspicion has been expressed in regard to several of their leaders that they have not expended honestly the pecuniary aid which was intrusted to them.

Rochester Herald (Rep.), June 4.

THE Outlook, if it has been correctly reported, is not an encouraging one. A general convention will be held at Richmond in the fall when a better understanding may be reached, but at present the prospects of wise and united action are not as flattering as they were a short time ago.

THE motion to read the home-rule bill a second time has been rejected by an adverse majority of 30, the vote being 341 against 311. This means that almost every member of the House of Commons was on this momentous evening in his seat and voted. It means that, in addition to the 86 Nationalist members, 225 representatives of the brain and conscience of Great Britain have declared that justice required the restoration of a Dublin parliament. In means that sixteen men had it in their power to say whether a work of righteous restitution should be quickened or deferred. It means that these sixteen and the other dissidents elected on the score of liberal professions will be soon called to an account for their violation of a trust whose scope and purpose has, during the late debate, been plainly and emphatically enforced by their constituents. It means that Irishmen whose votes returned more than thirty of their present enemies to Parliament challenge them to meet them at the polls, where what last night seemed a drawn battle may be transformed into a victory. The speech of Mr. Parnell proved, if any proof were needed, that the defeat of Mr. Gladstone's bill is a dishonest effort to postpone for a brief season, and to the hoped-for profit of trickish politicians, a reform known to be inevitable. Mr. Parnell said, and not a Tory of the hundreds present dared to contradict him, except in a shuffling and abortive way, that it was unmistakably conveyed by the Conservative managers to the Nationalist voters at the late election that the revival of a Dublin parliament should reward their assistance. When, therefore, the Tories set themselves against a concession in which Mr. Gladstone offers the least that Irish patriots can heartily accept, the former can not mean that they reject the demands of Ireland on principle. They mean only that their assent to a repeal of the Union must be purchased with the honors and emoluments of office. We may thus at once eliminate most of the 250 Conservatives, led by Sir Michael Hicks-Beach and Lord Randolph Churchill, from the ranks of the honest and unflinching opponents of home rule. Had the Tories carried fifty more seats, they would themselves have brought in a measure substantially identical with Gladstone's. We may accordingly dismiss them as being factors destitute of any moral, though they have had a strategic significance. The moral force, such as it was, by which the hopes of Ireland have been temporarily rebuffed, is to be sought, if anywhere, among the 90 dissidents from the Liberal party. To this auxiliary corps nearly a third was contributed by the personal followers of Mr. Chamberlain, about whose motives there can be nothing honorable or intelligible, since Mr. Bright, whose letter is now known to have been misconstrued, advised them that consistency and loyalty would require them not to vote against the bill, but to abstain from voting altogether. How absurd, indeed, is the position of Mr. Chamberlain, who, on the pretense of wishing to give Ireland more than she desires, refuses to grant what Ireland's spokesmen declare themselves entirely willing to accept as a finality! There remain, then, some 60 Whigs and old-fashioned Liberals who, under the leadership of Lord Hartington and Mr. Goschen, are at least sincere and logical, for they boldly repudiate the notion of an Irish parliament in any form or under any restrictions. But how many of these 60 Whig irreconcilables could have been elected last November had they avowed such resolutions on the hustings, and how few of them can hope to fill again the seats that they now occupy! The future historian will say that the moral question raised by Mr. Gladstone's proposition was triumphantly resolved in favor of Ireland when a change of only sixteen votes was needed to resuscitate a parliament at Dublin.

Philadelphia Times (Ind.), June 8.

THE release of Ireland is one of those great political reforms that almost always require long, weary years of apparently fruitless agitation to gain a tolerant hearing, but that, when once their essential righteousness is recognized, move on swiftly to a consummation. It is at this latter stage, when the mere agitator's work is done, that the task of the constructive statesman begins, and it is Gladstone's achievement to have seized this vital issue at the earliest moment that England was ready to consider it, and to have held it before his countrymen with such bravery and truth that they now must meet and settle it: Considering what all this involves---the breaking of traditions and the surrender of power that has been laboriously maintained for centuries, with the acknowledgment that England has been wrong and Ireland right in this long struggle—it is not strange that even a leader of so great authority as Gladstone has failed in the first effort to pass his bill through the Commons. The members did not expect so bold an issue when they were elected. It may be that their constituents are ready for it, but they can not tell, and no allegiance to a party leader can overrule their public duty. It is not hard to understand the conscientious refusal of many of the Liberal members to follow Mr. Gladstone's lead. That he has held the great body of his party firm for home rule is a proof not only of his personal power, but of the strength of the principle to which he has devoted these last years of his great life.

Philadelphia Record (Ind.), June 8.

It had been evident within the last few days that it would scarcely be possible to overcome the opposition to the measure which was crystalizing and solidifying itself in various factious quarters. It may be questioned, however, if the rezult, although it delays the granting of justice to an oppressed people, is not to be preferred to victory by a bare majority, which would have still left the Whigs with a powerful influence in the Liberal party. Even Mr. Parnell intimated that he would

rather have defeat than that any more concessions should be made to those unscrupulous intriguers who have resisted every proposal submitted to them, and yet have suggested no feasible alternative measure. Grave as the position of affairs now is, Mr. Gladstone will undoubtedly enter on the contest with unfaltering trust and redoubled energy. The people now have the opportunity, which they have not before had, of expressing their opinion with no uncertain voice. The great hope which all true lovers of democracy must feel is that Irishmen will retain their better judgment under this defeat. Chamberlain can never again obtain the confidence of those who have been fighting the battle against royalty and aristocracy, nor even of those whom he has led so blindly; while if the Tories come into power they would, with the half of Parliament pledged to home rule, be forced to undertake the solution of the question.

National Republican (Rep.), June 9.

CERTAIN propositions arranged on a certain number of pieces of paper or farchment were dissented from, but Gladstone is not defeated, as he can easily put together some more propositions on other pieces of paper, and the next time they shall be accepted-sure! The principle of home-rule government at present before the British people is not endangered much by the reasons, passions, sentiments or even votes of thirty or thirty thousand men. It is, after Monday's division, a form of that crushed truth which rises again, and, in this instance, because it is a simple corollary from the axiom of modern politics that man has a right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. The ultimate, not to say the immediate, success of some similar measure is so assured that it is a mere waste of time and paper to enter into elaborate discussion about the identical men who are to inscribe it in the statue book. Many of us hoped that Mr. Gladstone might have been spared to have crowned his wonderful life with the greatest of all his victories for humanity. But, whoever may terminate the strife, Mr. Gladstone created the opportunity for Monday's debate, and one of the features of that debate is remarkable enough to justify the English sponsors of the bill in believing that they have achieved a great success. It is almost needless to say that we refer to the speech of Mr. Parnell. New York Herald (Ind.), June 8.

The

WITH such determined odds success was impossible. We had but one hopethat at the last moment prejudice and partisanship would give way, and they who had confessedly failed to govern Ireland from St. Stephen's would conclude, as a last resort, to let her govern herself. But the end is not yet. The people are to be heard from. The campaign upon which England is now to enter will be the most interesting and exciting in her history. It will be a battle of giants. masses of Ireland will appeal for local self-government to the men of their own class throughout the United Kingdom, and the decision of Westminster may be reversed by the popular will. There is little doubt that home rule is one of the certainties of the future. All the conditions of final success are visible. A short time ago home rule was in the obscurity of disgrace; to-day the nations of the globe are discussing it. Then it took the shape of persistent obstruction; last night a slender majority of thirty voted against it. The avalanche cannot be stayed; once started it must proceed to its destination, Ireland may find it hard to be patient, but patience is only another word for success. The darkest hour is just

before dawn.

New York Times (Ind.), June 8.

WHATEVER the complexion of the new House may be politically it will at least have the merit of knowing its mind on the subject of home rule. During the month or six weeks intervening between the dissolution and the general election nothing but Ireland and the Irish question will be discussed. Every Whig, Libe. ral, and Radical candidate will stand or fall by his attitude toward home rule. The general political advantages of a House chosen thus in the daylight, upon clearly drawn issues, are obvious. It seems probable that the advantages to the rational demands of Ireland will be equally manifest. The temperate, logical tone of Mr. Parnell's speech as contrasted with the exaggerated vituperation of Mr. Goschen's closing appeal to prejudice, must add to the weight of popular conviction which all careful observers discern on Mr. Gladstone's side. The improved organization of the new voters and the force of the Irish electorate in England and Scotland, thrown this time where it belongs, will be powerful elements, too, in achieving the great final victory over class intolerance, religious narrowness, and race violence which the coming election promises.

New York World (Dem.), June 8.

IT IS a pity then that Mr. Gladstone should not have allowed himself to be convinced of the necessity of obliterating the obnoxious clause from his bill. Had he done so the result of last night would certainly have been a very different one, and Mr. Chamberlain would not to-day have the pleasure of knowing that even his pigmy strength was sufficient to wreck a government. While by no means supporting the Radical leader's later absurd pretensions, or accepting his attitude as either dignified or statesmanlike, we can not but come to the conviction that Mr. Gladstone would have done wisely, considering the vastness of the interests at stake, had he sacrificed the smaller in order to obtain the greater. But he chose to be as stubborn as his foe, and so we have to record the death of his bill, and to this we must add the postponement of home rule for Ireland for some years, unless the new elections, which can not now be long delayed even if the Government decide to-day to resign in favor of the Hartington coalition, result in very unexpected changes in the opinions entertained by the average British voter on the capacity of Irishmen to rule themselves.

Baltimore American (Rep.), June 8.

GLADSTONE was never stronger than he is to-day. The people of Great Britain are with him, and, if Parliament is dissolved and the Liberal leader makes an appeal to the country, there is no doubt as to the result. He will go back to the Commons with a following that will outvote any possible opposition, and pass the home-rule scheme triumphantly. These elections are what Gladstone's enemies ear. They know too well his popularity. True, they will make every effort to