the witness, and asked him if he recognized any of them. A card was accordingly shown to Mr. Moore, whereon (as was afterwards proved by J. W. Langley, agent of the Continental office) that gentleman was represented sitting and W. S. Goss standing beside him. The likeness had been taken about 1871. The witness after scrutiny said that the likeness of the person standing bore a strong resemblance to the face of the corpse found in the woods, the other man he had never seen. He had looked at the face when the body was first uncovered with an express purpose of seeing whether or not he knew him, and decided that he had never seen the person to whom it belonged, and that had he ever seen him he could have made the recognition.

The coroner testified, but had little of importance to say. The body was placed in ice about eight o'clock in the evening, and buried on the following afternoon. The hair was dark, sprinkled with gray a specimen of it, together with a side whisker, had been kept, and were produced.

The prosecuting counsel asked the witness whether, if he had known the man in life, he could have recognized the corpse. But, the question being objected to, the court called attention to the fact that this witness had not arrived until after the darkening of the face, so that the circumstances were different from those which had pertained to Mr. Moore's testimony. This person could only give an opinion which would be mere guess-work, and not fit to go to a jury in a capital cause. The objection was therefore sustained, and the court further refused to allow the photograph to be shown to the coroner as it had been to Mr. Moore.

Dr. Bailey testified as to the marks of violence noted by him upon the corpse. He found nine cuts or wounds of various degrees of severity. One was across the throat, severing the windpipe in two places; another had depressed and broken the bridge of the nose, and must have been produced by a very severe blow. The front teeth, four above and four below, had been driven back into the mouth. Some of the wounds were by a blunt, others by a sharp instrument. The severing of the limbs had been done. by a cutting instrument, but with no degree of anatomical skill. The teeth found showed that the set had been a very full and good one, composed of large and fine teeth; but the number had not been especially observed. The doctor believed the man to have been from thirty-five to forty years of age, five feet eight or

nine inches high, thirty-eight to forty inches in girth around the chest; he had evidently carried himself very erect, with his chest thrown well forward; the limbs were those of a man of good physique, and not of a laboring man. The doctor noticed the scar of an old wound upon the forehead.

Two subsequent examinations were made by two other physicians, who differed in no material respect from Dr. Bailey. One of them gave more explicit information about the teeth, which he said were particularly good, white, and regular. The victim must have had twenty-eight in his mouth at or just preceding his death, and the few that he had lost were all back teeth.

An old and familiar acquaintance of W. S. Goss saw the body on July 18, and was asked if he was able to identify it. Against the objection of the defendant's counsel, the question was admitted, and witness said that he made the identification certainly to his own satisfaction, and recognized the remains as those of W. S. Goss. He remembered and noted particularly the nose, brow, and shape of the forehead, the shoulders and chest, as he had seen them in life, and the expression in the region of the eyes.

Carter, agent of the Continental Life Insurance Company, knew Goss in Baltimore. He also, on July 18, saw and recognized the body, judging partly by the forehead, but especially by the shoulders. Witness was positive, and would have made the recognition even had he not known that Goss was dead.. He might have made it more accurately, had the face not been smoothshaved and not mutilated; but he manifested no doubt of the accuracy of his conclusion.

Louis Engle described a blood-stone finger-ring worn by his acquaintance, W. S. Goss, in Baltimore, for some four or five months previous to the fire of February 2, 1872; it was large, square-cornered, flat upon the surface, and otherwise, by the peculiarities of the band or groove, easily distinguishable. Witness had himself at times worn the ring. He identified it quite positively with a ring which was shown to him.

Other witnesses declared the same ring, shown to them by counsel, to be one, or precisely to resemble one, which they had seen A. C. Wilson wear. One man had had it in his possession for some time as security for a debt owing to him from Wilson. Another, a jeweller, had had it shown to him by Wilson for the purpose of learning from him how much money could be raised

by pledging it. Miss Emma Taylor, of Newark, had worn Wilson's ring a little, but had a vague remembrance of somewhat different marks on the stone. This damsel, however, confessed to having had a considerable number of rings in her possession, and might have become confused. Her relations with Wilson appear to have been sentimental, and to have amused the auditory somewhat. He used to write her very many notes, occasionally even two or three in a day, but ceased to do so after leaving Newark. She recognized the photograph of Goss as a likeness of A. C. Wilson; she also said that the Congress boots shown to her were like those worn by him. It was proposed to identify by her testimony certain letters, as being in the handwriting of Wilson. The counsel for the defence objected strenuously. The court acknowledged the danger to be anticipated from the admission of the testimony, but said that since the knowledge of the witness came up to the standard required by law the evidence could not be rejected. These letters, folded over by the court so as to conceal the dates and signatures, were shown, and the witness stated her belief that they all were in the handwriting of Wilson. Two, dated respectively at New York, January 3, 1872, and at Newark, June 19, 1873, were signed A. C. Wilson, and one written in the autumn of 1871 was signed W. S. Goss. That from Newark was in answer to an advertisement in the "New York World." The writer described himself as "an humble, unassuming, and good-natured individual," and hoped he might be accommodated for less money than the advertisement called for, saying he could put up with any thing, and that all he wanted was to get into the country. The same three letters were afterward identified by a witness whose opinion might fairly carry with it a greater degree of weight.

D. R. Mullin, living at Bryn Maur Station on the Pennsylvania Central Railroad, an old friend of Udderzook and tolerably familiar with his handwriting, testified that he received two letters from him in the autumn of 1871. The first, dated at Baltimore, on October 28 in that year, after a few remarks about the writer's own affairs, said:

I should have written this letter sooner, but I am rather careless about writing. I suppose that I have been prompted to this by a very particular friend of mine: he is a man of fine appearance, and about my age and very well to do. But the large circle of acquaintances that he is obliged to mingle with has become a great annoyance. It is his intention to leave the

city for a few months, in order to wean himself from so much company. I recommended Cooperstown as a QUITE little place and just what will suit him. Now, if it would suit your folks to receive him as a boarder, please write soon and name the particulars. He will not want to leave Baltimore for some few weeks."

The second letter, dated November 16, following, contained this paragraph:—

"I wrote you in my last in regard to a friend of mine that desired to wean himself from a number of his former associates. He has been in the way of getting a little intoxicated. I thought that you might reform him. He is my age, with gentle appearance. Would it suit you to board him a few months or less? Please answer as soon as possible."

Witness stated that he wrote declining to take the proposed lodger. On June 22, 1872, a stranger came to witness's house, went to Philadelphia that night, but, returning again the next day, stayed until November 16, 1872. He gave his name as A. C. Wilson, and a few days later he was noticed to twine out a vine into the full name of Alexander Campbell Wilson.

The prosecuting counsel proposed to ask Mullin what he had heard said by that person at sundry times. The prisoner's counsel objected; the admissibility was then argued, on the ground that the declarations of Goss formed part of the res gestœ. But the court, without hesitation, refused to permit the testimony to be given. Proof was, however, admitted of such a habit of intemperance on the part of Wilson as would mark or distinguish him. Similar testimony as to the habits of W. S. Goss was soon after offered, and also admitted.

The state attorneys also proposed to show that this man Wilson frequently sent parcels and letters to A. C. Goss, in care of Stevens & Co., Baltimore, and also received letters from Baltimore enclosed in envelopes bearing the imprint or address of Stevens & Co. The defendant's counsel objected to this, urging that they could not be expected to disprove or account for the acts or affairs of A. C. Goss. But the court said that in proving identity, when a person had changed his abode, his correspondence was an important point, and admitted the evidence. It was shown, also, that Wilson, at least in several instances, did not address the parcels himself, but asked another person to do so. The reason he gave for asking some one else to perform this simple task for him was not allowed to be stated.

It was shown that Wilson occupied himself in making a model of a peculiar ratchet screw-driver, designed to keep the pressure continuous in the screw while the hand was turned, and that he claimed to have invented it himself. Goss was proved to have had a similar article in his possession.

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The photographer who had taken the likenesses of Goss and Langley was called for the state; and on cross-examination the defendant's counsel sought, though with imperfect success, lead him to acknowledge that the picture might be a poor, inaccurate, or deceptive representation of the original person who stood for it.

Mrs. Elizabeth Toombs and her husband, of Newark, N. J., gave important testimony. A. C. Wilson boarded with them from November 28, 1872, to June 20, 1873, nearly seven months. On May 11, 1873, the prisoner, Udderzook, came to the house between five and six o'clock in the morning and insisted upon seeing Wilson. He was conducted to that person's chamber, and was hailed by him as "Doc;" was also afterward addressed by him as Doctor. It was subsequently shown that Goss had been in the habit of speaking to Udderzook by the same title. Wilson introduced the prisoner as Mr. Mullin, the name, it may be noted, of the person at whose house Wilson had so recently stayed for several months. The prisoner breakfasted with the family, and was at the house again in the evening. The witnesses described the personal appearance of Wilson to the same effect as the descriptions so often given of W. S. Goss; and it may be remarked here that the numerous descriptions given by various witnesses of Wilson all agreed to a remarkable extent both with each other and with the descriptions of Goss. When Wilson left his house, he wore Congress boots, or gaiters, as they are sometimes called. They had been half-soled, and bore the number eight upon the inside of the strap. The boots or gaiters found in the woods on the feet of the murdered man resembled those worn

by Wilson. On the morning that Wilson left, Mrs. Toombs washed a shirt for him. The bloody shirt found beneath the body was shown to her, and she thought she could identify it with the shirt she had washed, by button-holes, missing buttons, and other similar marks. Many of the principal points in the testimony of Mr. and Mrs. Toombs were corroborated by other witnesses who had known Wilson during his stay with them, and