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Mr. WHITTEN. I would also like to have for the record, the number and types of the employees that the Department may have assisting in the aid programs, if they are assisting in connection with promotion of the production of agricultural commodities in any foreign country which are in surplus supply in this country.

I am interested only in production in such country for export by that country. I have always drawn a line of difference where the country is a deficit area, which might be truly a case of helping it to get ahead.

My attention is called to the fact that you have set up a new section in the Department to cooperate with AID, and we will be talking to them later, when they are before us.

(The information referred to follows:)

To date in this fiscal year the USDA has loaned 50 individual technicians to AID for short periods of 1 to 3 months on reimbursable details. These include Agricultural credit specialists to Latin America, Africa, and Asia..........

Foresters to Latin America and Africa___

Soil conservation specialists to Latin America and Near East_-.
Agricultural economists to Latin America and South Asia___.

Agricultural research technicians to Latin America, Africa, and Asia__
Federal Extension Service specialists to Latin America..
Farmer Cooperative Service specialist to Latin America__

Agricultural Marketing Service specialist to Latin America__.

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These specialists have worked on a variety of specific problems such as how to improve the marketing of local food supplies, disease and insect controls, irrigation and drainage, soil fertility and plant nutrition, agricultural credit, forest fire control, and land tenure.

At AID's request the Department now has personnel stationed abroad on the following AID funded projects:

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The Department is also continuing to make its domestic facilities available, under arrangements whereby the Agency for International Development finances the costs, to plan and conduct training programs for foreign nationals in the United States, supply technical information and advice to their AID personnel and in specific instances, our research laboratory facilities. Under this latter item, laboratory services and personnel for two AID projects are currently being provided; namely, plant and seed materials, and salinity and soil fertility.

Mr. WHITTEN. I also can say, under Public Law 480, where we sell commodities for foreign currency and then turn over 90 percent of the foreign currencies to the country receiving the commodities, and then we make up the deficit here in restoration of capital impairment, I am sure that would enable most anybody to increase exports. So in the figures we asked for yesterday, make a clear distinction between exports for dollars and exports through various and sundry aid programs, whether it is Public Law 480 or not.

Mr. GRANT. All right, sir.

Mr. WHITTEN. In view of the statement of the Secretary, that our exports have increased as a result of foreign aid, I would like you to go back for a period earlier than that and show the comparable figures.

I think you will find cotton is below what it was before the AID program. I think you will find the same is true of many, many agricultural commodities. The United States used to be a much larger exporter nation in many of these areas. Times change and conditions change, and if we went back to conditions existing then, we probably couldn't export as much.

But I do want to have the two figures here for what they are worth.

SITUATION ON CORN

Now we asked you yesterday with regard to a number of commodities. How about the situation with regard to corn? The supply on hand when you came in, Mr. Secretary, the price support at that time, and the law as it existed at that time? Also, discuss the changes, if any, that have been made in the law, the amount of corn on hand and in storage now as compared with the amount you inherited and the price support level and as of now and the market price? Could that be provided?

Mr. GRANT. Yes, sir.

(The information referred to follows:)

PROGRAMS AFFECTING FEED GRAIN PRODUCTION IN RECENT YEARS

Major legislative provisions relating to commodity acreage allotments, marketing quotas and price supports.

1. Those in effect when this administration took office.

Excerpts of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended.

Part II, acreage allotments, corn: Acreage allotments were not in effect due to results of corn referendum held on November 25, 1958, in which farmers approved a price support program without acreage allotments.

Marketing quotas for corn were repealed by Public Law 690, 83d Congress, 68 Stat. 902, approved August 28, 1954.

The following sections were in effect:

"SEC. 330. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, acreage allotments and a commercial corn-producing area shall not be established for the 1959 and subsequent crops of corn."

Subpart B, price support:

"AGRICULTURAL ACT OF 1949

"PRICE SUPPORT FOR 1959 AND SUBSEQUENT YEARS (CORN AND FEED GRAINS) "SEC. 105. (a) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 101 of this Act, beginning with the 1959 crop, price support shall be made available to producers for each crop of corn at 90 per centum of the average price received by farmers during the three calendar years immediately preceding the calendar year in which the marketing year for such crop begins, adjusted to offset the effect on such price of any abnormal quantities of low-grade corn marketed during any of such year: Provided, That the level of price support for any crop of corn shall not be less than 65 per centum of the parity price therefor.

"(b) Beginning with the 1959 crop, price support shall be made available to producers for each crop of oats, rye, barley, and grain sorghums at such level of the parity price therefor as the Secretary of Agriculture determines is fair and reasonable in relation to the level at which price support is made available for corn, taking into consideration the feeding value of such commodity in relation to corn, and the other factors set forth in section 401 (b) hereof. (7 U.S.C. 1441 note.)" 13

By 1961 the feed grain situation required changes in the law. Total feed grain stocks were 85 million tons at the end of the 1960-61 marketing year. Storage and other carrying costs for feed grains had reached $464 million a

13 Added by sec. 201 of the Agricultural Act of 1958, 72 Stat. 993.

year. The season average price received by farmers for the 1960 corn crop was a dollar per bushel, the lowest average since 1942.

Congress enacted a special program for feed grains for 1961 on March 22, 1961, as follows:

"PUBLIC LAW 87-5

"87TH CONGRESS, H.R. 4510

MARCH 22, 1961

"AN ACT To provide a special program for feed grains for 1961

"Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That section 105 of the Agricultural Act of 1949, as amended, is amended by adding the following new subsection: "(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of law

"(1) The level of price support for the 1961 crop of corn shall be established by the Secretary at such level not less than 65 per centum of the parity price therefor as the Secretary may determine. Price support for corn and grain sorghums shall be made available on not to exceed the normal production of the 1961 acreage of corn and grain sorghums of each eligible farm based on its average yield per acre for the 1959 and 1960 crop acreage.

(2) The Secretary shall require as a condition of eligibility for price support on the 1961 crop of corn, grain sorghums, and any other feed grain which he may designate that producer shall participate in the special agricultural conservation program for 1961 for corn and grain sorghums to the extent prescribed by the Secretary.'

"SEC. 2. Section 16 of the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act, as amended, is amended by adding the following new subsection:

"(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of law—

"(1) The Secretary shall formulate and carry out a special agricultural conservation program for 1961, without regard to provisions which would be applicable to the regular agricultural conservation program, under which, subject to such terms and conditions as the Secretary determines, conservation payments in amounts determined by the Secretary to be fair and reasonable shall be made to producers who divert acreage from the production of corn and grain sorghums to an approved conservation use and increase their average acreage devoted in 1959 and 1960 to designated soil conserving crops or practices by an equal amount: Provided, however, That any producer may elect in lieu of such payment to devote such diverted acreage to castor beans, safflower, sunflower, or sesame, if designated by the Secretary. Such special agricultural conservation program shall require the producer to take such measures as the Secretary may deem appropriate to keep such diverted acreage free from insects, weeds, and rodents. The acreage eligible for payments in cash or in an equivalent amount in kind under such conservation program shall be an acreage equivalent to 20 per centum of the average acreage on the farm planted to corn and grain sorghums in the crop years 1959 and 1960 or up to twenty acres, whichever is greater. Such payments in cash or in kind at the basic county support rate may be made on an amount of corn and grain sorghums not in excess of 50 per centum of the normal production of the acreage diverted from corn and grain sorghums on the farm based on its average yield per acre for the 1959 and 1960 crop acreage. Payments in kind only may be made by the Secretary for the diversion of up to an additional 20 per centum of such corn and grain sorghum acreage. Payments in kind on such additional acreage may be made at the basic county support rate on an amount of corn and grain sorghums not in excess of 60 per centum of the normal production of the acreage diverted from corn and grain sorghums on the farm based on its average yield per acre for the 1959 and 1960 crop acreage. The Secretary may make such adjustments in acreage and yields for the 1959 and 1960 crop years as he determines necessary to correct for abnormal factors affecting production, and to give due consideration to tillable acreage, crop rotation practices, type of soil, and topography. The Secretary may make not to exceed 50 per centum of any payments to producers in advance of determination of performance.

"'(2) There are hereby authorized to be appropriated such amounts as may be necessary to enable the Secretary to carry out this section 16 (c). Obligations may be incurred in advance of appropriations therefor and the

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