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TABLE 1.-Common school statistics, classified by race, 1896-97.

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TABLE 2.-Sixteen former slave States and the District of Columbia.

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Male.

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TABLE 3.-Teachers and students in institutions for the colored race in 1896-97.

Students.

Elementary.

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224 1,354 2,416 3,770 629 1,049 1,678 174 16 190 2,157 3,481 5, 638

Illinois

11

1

2

16 24 40

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Total 169 787 1,008 1, 795 11, 773 16, 318 28, 091 6, 944 8, 259 15, 203 1, 526,5822, 108 20, 243 25, 159 45, 402

84 105 189

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TABLE 4.-Classification of colored students, by courses of study, 1896-97.

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State.

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TABLE 5.-Number of colored normal students and graduates in 1896–97.

Graduates of collegiate courses.

Graduates of high- Graduates of nor-
mal courses.

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TABLE 6.-Colored professional students and graduates in 1896-97.

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Graduates.

Students.

Graduates.

Students.

Graduates.

Students.

Graduates.

Students.

Graduates.

Students.

Graduates.

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Total..

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1, 137 174 1,311 611 68 104 30 345 71 3810 39 20 174 25

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State.

TABLE 7.-Industrial training of colored students in 1896-97.

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Alabama..

Arkansas

Delaware

34 6

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20 88 44 68 23 165

314 40 29 0 0 0 0 14
40 14

1,117 988 2,105 294 195 17 17 17 8 45 12 38 69 542 125 687 132 182

01

92

10

9 3. 23 119
2
3
13

83 13

71 43

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Illinois

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Total

4,970 8, 611 13, 581 1,027 1,496 166 144 149 85 227 248 185 689 6, 728 2, 349 2, 753

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Total....

305,050 224, 794 203, 731 7, 714, 958 271, 839 141, 262 92,080 540, 097

1,045, 278 "SOCIAL AND PHYSICAL CONDITION OF NEGROES IN CITIES."

Under the above title the Atlanta University has recently published a valuable report of an investigation made under the direction of that institution by a number of its graduates. luates. The introduction to that report and the three leading papers by the principal investigators are reprinted below:

INTRODUCTION,

The papers presented in this report were written exclusively by colored men and women, and are based upon statistical investigations made by them under the direction of Atlanta University.

The investigation was begun by an inquiry on the part of three graduates of Atlanta University into the causes of the excessive mortality among negroes. A conference was held on the subject at Atlanta University in May, 1896, and the facts brought out at that conference were so significant that the investigation was continued for another year along similar lines, but on a more extensive scale, and second conference was held in May, this year. The cooperation of graduates of other institutions was invited. The present investigation investigation, therefore, is the result of the joint efforts of graduates of Atlanta University, Fisk, Berea, Lincoln, Spelman, Howard, Meharry, and other institutions for the higher education of the negroes.

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The conclusions which these men and women have reached as a result of their investigations are, in some respects, most surprising; especially their conclusions as to the effect of environment and economic conditions upon the vital energies of the race. Their conclusions were, in substance, that the excessive mortality of their people can not be attributed in any large degree to unfavorable conditions of environment, but must be chiefly attributed to the ignorance of the masses of the people and their disregard of the laws of health and morality. The significance of this conclusion is versely expressed by one of the writers, who says:

"This last fact, that the excessive death rate of the colored people does not arise from diseases due to environment, is of vast importance. If poor houses, unhealthy localities, bad sewerage, and defective plumbing were responsible for their high death rate, there would be no hope of reducing the death rate until either the colored people became wealthy, or philanthropic persons erected sanitary houses, or municipalities made appropriations to remove those conditions. But since the excessive death rate is not due to these causes, there is reason for the belief that it may be reduced without regard to the present economic condition of the colored people."

The

The attention of the members of the conference seemed to be mainly directed to a consideration of the social questions affecting the progress of the race. sentiment of the conference was voiced by one writer in these words:

"If we are to strike at the root of the matter, it will not be at sanitary regulation, but at social reconstruction and moral regeneration."

The solution of the problem will be found in the wise direction of the numerous charitable, religious, and educational organizations of colored people already established. As a means toward that end, the university will continue the city problem investigation along the lines upon which it was begun, and will hold a third conference at Atlanta next May. The subject of the next conference can not now be announced, but in accordance with the expressed wish of members of the last conference, it will be some subject dealing with the social conditions of the people.

The result of the present investigation has been, on the whole, distinctly encouraging. In the opinion of the committee having the investigation in charge, the negro has nothing to fear from a most rigid and searching investigation into his physical and social condition, but such an investigation can be made most helpful and valuable.

RESULTS OF THE INVESTIGATION.

[NOTE. The three following papers on the results of the investigation were written by the three members of the conference who individually collected the most data: Mr. Butler R. Wilson, a member of the committee, who gathered data relating to 100 families that had migrated from North Carolina to Cambridge, Mass.; Prof. Eugene Harris, of Fisk University, who made an extensive investigation in Nashville, and Mr. L. M. Hershaw, of Washington, D. C., who had in charge the very laborious work of analyzing the reports of the boards of health for the past fifteen years.-ED.]

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