It appears from these tables that on the whole the Toronto children are not as favorably developed as are American children, their statures being slightly shorter. The variability of the Toronto series does not differ so much from the general series as might be expected. The causes that modify the growth of children in a single city appear to be so great that the decrease in general variability is very slight indeed.

The variabilities given in the preceding tables are those for the whole year. When the variabilities for each year are calculated from the averages of the trimonthly periods given on pages 1558-1564, a considerable reduction in the values takes place.

The whole year

+9.00

+5.12 4.82 ±5.08 ±5.58 ±5.59 +6.15 +6.15 ±6.80 £7.79 ±8.55 Quarterly periods. +4.70±4.65 +4.77 ±5.38 15.35 ±6.02 ±6.08 ±6.61 ±7.63 +8.22 a±8.91

GIRLS.

The whole
year
+4.80 +4.80 15.30 ±5.53 ±5.32 ±6.20 ±6.52 16.96 ±7.17 ±6.35 15.86
Quarterly
periods +4.62 +4.73 ±5.21 ±5.34 ±5.18 ±5.89 ±6.38 ±6.90 ±6.85 ±6.13

a Six-monthly period.

THE GROWTH OF FIRST-BORN CHILDREN.

+5.35

+5.73 +5.63

I have shown (Science, 1895, April 12) that the first-born children in Oakland, Cal., exceed in height later-born children. The data which were then available gave the following results. The columns headed "Differences" contain the amount to be added to the average statures and weights in order to obtain the measurements of first-born and later-born children. The figures in parentheses designate the number of individuals measured.

The following tables contain the detailed results of the measurements obtained in Toronto:

Statures of Toronto boys. Age, 4 years.

(months over 6

128

147 108

85 67 36 31 23

18 9

7.1

6.5 6.2 6.2 5.9 5.7 6.0 6.0 6.2 Average stature. 112.0 110.9 110.8 111.3 111.1 110.7 109.8 109.6 111.2

years

Corrected aver

age at 6 years 6 months.

111.8 110.8 110.7 111.3 111.2 110.7 109.8 109.5 110.7

ལ

2

3