Summary of Federal and State aid given to establish higher education in—Cont'd. Tax by State of one-tenth of 1 mill (1882-1887) on property, capitalized at 4 per cent in 1882 Tax by State of one-seventh of 1 mill (1888-1892) on property,capitalized at 4 per cent in 1888 Grant by State since 1893 ($30,000), capitalized at 4 per cent. 750,000 Agricultural and Mechanical College: Act of 1863 (Federal).. Brown University: RHODE ISLAND. (The 1863 land grant was intrusted to this institution until 1892.) Rhode Island Agricultural and Mechanical College: Act of 1863 (Federal)... Act of 1890 (Federal), capitalized at 4 per cent. Fixed property not subject to annual grant: Value of productive funds. Total fixed property.. South Carolina College: SOUTH CAROLINA. 4,368, 978 2,390,043 6,759, 621 Value of productive funds.. For buildings, by State, in 1801. Last appropriation, 1896-97. Clemson Agricultural College (Agricultural and Mechanical College for whites): Value of property. Total fixed property.... 866,000 1 The minimum price fixed by State. Summary of Federal and State aid given to establish higher education in-Cont'd. 20,000 Tax of 1 penny a pound of tobacco exported from Virginia and All profits arising from the office of surveyor-general (6) Duties laid on exports on liquors by Virginia legislature.. 8,000 A lump appropriation, say. University of Virginia: 3,000 For buildings and furnishing in 1823, by State. 82,000 For buildings and furnishing in 1884, by State 40,000 Annual appropriation of $15,000, 1818-1876, capitalized at 4 per cent. 375,000 Annual appropriation of $30,000, 1876-1884, capitalized at 4 per cent. 750,000 1,000,000 Annual appropriation of $50,000, 1895-1897. 1,250,000 Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College: Act of 1863 (Federal), two thirds for this institution. Act of 1890 (Federal), two-thirds for this institution, capitalized at 4 per cent.. Last appropriation ($12,000 for buildings).. 1 Three square leagues. A Spanish league was 8,000 3 inches, about. Spain has now the metric system. $50,000 in 1897. 2 Very small portion sold. Much is grazing land. 4 Now $200,000. Capitalized rents paid by lessees, etc., at 6 per cent. yards, and a Spanish yard is (or was) 2 feet The income from leases of all lands equals Summary of Federal and State aid given to establish higher education in-Cont'd. (Of this about $104,339 was used to erect buildings.) Tax, one eighth of a mill (at first one-tenth) on property by State. 1,436,000 Act of 1863 (Federal) for agriculture and mechanics. 240,000 363,000 Act of 1890 (Federal), capitalized at 4 per cent. 575,000 Grant by State to build a science hall. 80,000 Last appropriation ($60,000 for buildings). 180,000 Fixed property not subject to annual grant: Value of productive funds.. Total fixed property. 1,175,000 532,500 1,707,500 Statement compiled in 1893 by the State College of Pennsylvania (about two-thirds of the States and Territories represented). NOTE A. It may entertain those students of sociology who prefer an array of facts to an array of titles of unread books, called a bibliography, to follow the spread of this Massachusetts doctrine, which says that liberty is based on wisdom and knowledge, or perhaps on wisdom through knowledge; for "wisdom and knowledge, far from being one, have ofttimes no connection: knowledge dwells in heads replete with thoughts of other men, wisdom in minds attentive to their own." Rhode Island, it will be remarked, omitted the word "wisdom" in her constitution of 1842. Pennsylvania (1776).-All useful learning shall be duly encouraged and promoted in one or more universities. Laws for the encouragement of virtue and the prevention of vice and [other] immorality shall be made and constantly kept in force, and provision shall be made for their due execution, and all religious societies or bodies of men heretofore united or incorporated shall be encouraged and protected in the enjoyment of the privileges, iminunities, and estates which they were accustomed to enjoy under the former constitution. North Carolina (December, 1776).-All useful learning shall be duly encouraged and promoted in one or more universities. See also at close of this note. Vermont, 1777, followed Pennsylvania as above. New Hampshire (1784), the first State after Massachusetts to adopt a new constitution. Knowledge and learning generally diffused through a community being essential to the preservation of a free government, and spreading the advantages of education through the various parts of the country, being highly conducive to promote this end, etc. Ordinance (Continental) of 1787.-Religion, morality, and knowledge being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged (in the States formed from the 'Western Territory.") 66 Ohio (1803), the first State made from the "Western Territory."- Religion, morality, and knowledge being essentially necessary to the good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of instruction shall forever be encouraged by legislative provision not inconsistent with the rights of conscience. In putting this last clause in, the makers of the constitution of Ohio innovated upon the language used by the Continental Congress at the urgent solicitation, it is said, of the Rev. Dr. Cutler, the pastor settled at Ipswich, in Massachusetts, who was lobbying the ordinance through so as to purchase some 4,000,000 or 5,000,000 acres of Ohio lands. His own company's (the Ohio) and the Symmes' purchase were the only instances of the twenty-ninth section of each township being reserved for religion. The idea did not take at all like the common-school idea. The makers of the constitution express themselves in their bill of rights thus: "Religion, morality, and knowledge, however, being essential to good government, it shall be the duty of the general assembly to pass suitable laws to protect every religious denomination in the peaceful enjoyment of its own mode for public worship, and to encourage schools and means of instruction." Indiana (1816), the second State of the Northwest.-Knowledge and learning generally diffused through a community being essential to the preservation of a free government, and so on, like the New Hampshire constitution of 1784. Mississippi (1817).-Religion, morality, and knowledge, and so on, like the ordinance of 1787. Alabama (1819).-Schools and the means of education shall be forever encouraged in this State. Maine (1820).—A general diffusion of the advantages of education being essential to the promotion of the rights and liberties of the people, therefore, etc. Missouri (1821).-Similar to the Alabama, but see below in 1865. Tennessee (1835).-Knowledge, learning, and virtue being essential to the preservation of republican institutions, and then on like the New Hampshire instrument of 1784. Arkansas (1836).-Repeating the provisions of New Hampshire exactly; but see below, 1868. Rhode Island (1842).-The diffusion of knowledge as well as of virtue among the people being essential to the preservation of their rights and liberties, etc. Texas (1845).-A general diffusion of knowledge being essential to the preservation of the rights and liberties of the people, etc., seemingly after Maine (q. v.,1820). Minnesota (1858).-The stability of a republican form of government depending mainly upon the intelligence of the people, it shall be the duty of the legislature, etc. |