Census clerks have already successfully passed competitive civilservice examinations for departmental positions, and others will doubtless pass such examinations in the near future. I have, therefore, recommended to Congress, in connection with the estimates for the appropriations for 1913, that a proviso be inserted to the effect that the Civil Service Commission, in certifying eligibles from the examination registers for appointment to positions in the permanent census force during the year 1913 at salaries of $1,200 or less, shall give preference to those who have had at least one year's experience in census work. Such preference, however, is proposed to be subject to the rule of apportionment, which rule would take precedence in case there should not be, from a State entitled to appointment under the apportionment, any candidate who had had the prescribed experience. It requires no argument to show that clerks who have had a year or more of census work and who have also successfuly passed a competitive examination for departmental clerkships would be more useful additions to the census force than could possibly be found among those who have had no such experience.

BUREAU OF IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION.

IMMIGRATION IN GENERAL.

The report of the Commissioner General of Immigration shows that the number of aliens who entered the country during the past. fiscal year was considerably smaller than the number that entered in the fiscal year 1910, viz, 878,587, as compared with 1,041,570, the difference being 162,983. At the close of the fiscal year 1910 the influx of foreigners was large and continuous. This condition is shown to have obtained throughout the next four months-July, August, September, and October-but beginning with November and extending throughout the remainder of the year there was a constant falling off in the number of arrivals.

The figures given above relate to immigrant aliens, viz, those coming to the country with the avowed purpose of remaining. In addition to the 878,587 such persons, 151,713 of the nonimmigrant class entered, making a total of 1,030,300, compared with 1,198,037 for the previous fiscal year. During the year there departed from the country 518,215, of whom 295,666 were of the emigrant and 222,549 of the nonemigrant class. In the previous fiscal year 380,418 aliens left the country, of whom 202,436 were of the emigrant and 177,982 of the nonemigrant class. A comparison of these figures shows that the actual increase in the alien population for the fiscal year 1911 was 512,085, as compared with 817,619 for the fiscal year 1910 and 543,843 for 1909.

AGES, LITERACY, AND FINANCIAL CONDITION OF IMMIGRANTS.

The following facts regarding the 878,587 immigrant aliens admitted during the year are significant. The ages of 714,709 of them ranged between 14 and 44 years, while 117,837 were under 14 and 46,041 were 45 or over. Concerning those over 14 years of age, 182,273 could neither read nor write, and 2,930 could read but not write, a total of 185,203. It is interesting to compare this with the number of illiterates admitted in the fiscal year 1910-258,140-especially as the decrease of 72,937 is not explained by the general decrease in immigration, but is an actual lowering of the ratio, thus: Of those admitted in 1910 over 14 years of age 28 per cent were illiterate, while of those admitted in 1911 over 14 years of age only 24.5 per cent were illiterate. The total amount of money shown to inspection officers by arriving aliens was $29,411,488, or an average of about

$33 per person. There is no way to determine how much of this was sent the applicants by relatives or friends living in the United States. Of the aliens entering 586,904 claimed to have paid their own passage, while 281,718 admitted that their passage had been paid by relatives and 9,965 admitted that it had been paid by some person other than a relative. On this point it is difficult to obtain reliable information, as dependence must be placed upon the statements made by the aliens, who frequently feel that it is to their advantage to not disclose the facts. The fact that over 333 per cent of the total number admitted were assisted, whereas in 1910 only 25 per cent were, indicates a remarkable increase.

AGES AND PERIODS OF RESIDENCE OF DEPARTING ALIENS.

During the year 295,666 aliens emigrated from the United States. Concerning 49,080 of these, a record of the period they had lived here could not be procured, as they left across the Canadian border. The statistics show, however, that 15,889 of these emigrants were less than 14, 248,021 were from 14 to 44, and 31,756 were 45 years of age or over; 201,294 had resided in the United States less than 5 years, 35,323 from 5 to 10 years, 4,990 from 10 to 15 years, 2,438 from 15 to 20 years, and 2,541 over 20 years.

OCCUPATIONS OF IMMIGRANTS AND EMIGRANTS.

It is interesting to note the general classes into which the occupations of the aliens entering and leaving the country, respectively, are segregated. Of common unskilled laborers, 155,996 immigrated and 173,952 emigrated, compared with 148,892 skilled immigrating and 33,473 emigrating. Thus, there was an actual decrease during the year in unskilled laborers of approximately 18,000, while there was an increase of skilled of over 100,000.

SOURCES OF IMMIGRATION.

The growing disparity between the number of aliens entering the United States from countries of northern and western Europe and those entering from countries of southern and eastern Europe is again illustrated by the statistics for the past year. Formerly a large proportion of our immigration came from Teutonic and Celtic countries. During the past year only 202,391 immigrants, or about 23 per cent of the total, came thence, constituted as follows: Belgium, 5,711; Denmark, 7,555; France, 8,022; German Empire, 32,061; Netherlands, 8,358; Norway, 13,950; Sweden, 20,780; Switzerland, 3,458; England, 52,426; Ireland, 29,112; Scotland, 18,796; Wales, 2,162. On the other hand, 572,218 immigrants, or about 65 per cent

of the total, came from the Iberic and Slavonic countries, segregated as follows: Italy, 182,882; Russia, principally southern, but including Finland, 158,721; Austria, 82,129; Hungary, 76,928; Greece, 26,226; Turkey in Europe and adjoining principalities, 21,655; Turkey in Asia, 10,229; Portugal, 8,374; Spain, 5,074.

REJECTIONS OF ARRIVING ALIENS.

During the year 22,349 aliens were rejected as belonging to the excluded classes. This important subject is clearly stated by a table given in the report of the Commissioner General of Immigration, showing the principal causes of rejection for the years 1906 to 1911, inclusive, which table is reproduced here. Particular attention should be directed to the fact that the two classes "Likely to become a public charge," and "Physically or mentally defective" often merge; some of the 12,048 of the former and many of the 3,055 of the latter shown by this table having been rejected on both grounds, it not being easy to determine in preparing statistics which was the principal reason for exclusion.

The satisfactory conditions with respect to the enforcement of this feature of the law set forth in the Commissioner General's reports for 1909 and 1910 are shown by his report for the past year to have been continued. In fact, the examples contained in his report seem to show that the year has witnessed noteworthy success, especially by way of prosecutions against flagrant violations of the law. Taking the more important cases, it is shown that as much as $79,506 were assessed in fines and that several suits involving amounts of considerable size are still pending.

ARRESTS AND DEPORTATIONS.

During the year 2,788 warrants of deportation were executed after granting hearings to the arrested aliens, compared with 2,695 for the previous year. These were divided as follows: Members of the excluded classes at the time of entry, 1,151; those who became public charges from causes existing prior to entry, 857; those who were found to be prostitutes subsequent to entry, 129; those who entered without inspection, 555; together with 71 members of the new class created by, the amendatory act of March 26, 1910, viz, the sexually immoral who had been in the country more than three years.

To the 2,788 deportations on warrant above mentioned should be added the 22,349 rejected at the ports as members of the excluded classes, making a total of 25,119 deported. Attention is directed to the fact that of the total number 8,767 were deported or rejected. because physically, mentally, or morally below the standard set by the law, compared with 6,612 in the previous year.

JAPANESE AND KOREAN LABORERS.

With respect to the enforcement of the President's proclamation of March 14, 1907, satisfactory results are shown. During the year 4,328 Japanese applied for admission to continental United States, 4,282 of whom were admitted and 46 debarred. Of those applying, 4,179 were and 149 were not in possession of proper passports. Of those holding such passports, 4,090 belonged to classes entitled under the proclamation and understanding with Japan to receive such credentials, and only 89 were not entitled thereto. The said 4,090 consisted of 1,146 former residents, 2,185 parents, wives, or children of residents, and 759 new arrivals, who were nonlaborers. The 89 not entitled to passports were laborers who were neither former residents nor the parents, wives, or children of such residents. During the same period 2,193 Japanese applied for admission to Hawaii, 2,159 of whom were admitted and 34 debarred. Of those applying, 2,153 had and 6 had not proper passports. Of those holding such passports, 2,069 were entitled and 118 were not entitled to them. Of the 2,069, 413 were former residents and 1,656 the parents, wives, or children of such residents.

CHINESE IMMIGRATION.

The Commissioner General's report shows that the difficulties of enforcing the Chinese-exclusion laws have not decreased. While every possible effort is exerted to insure the prompt admission of Chinese entitled to enter and the rejection at the ports or apprehension along the border of those who attempt to enter in violation of law, the conditions which confront the administrative officers in enforcing these laws are so great that a reasonable degree of success