Maryland.-Examination by one of the two State boards. The applicant must have obtained a competent common-school education, and either received a diploma from some incorporated medical college in the United States or a diploma or license conferring the right to practice in some foreign country; said diploma, if from a college in the United States, must have been conferred by a college requiring a four years' standard of education as defined by the American Medical College Association or the Intercollegiate Committee of the American Institute of Homeopathy. Provides for reciprocity with the District of Columbia and with other States. (Act of April 11, 1902.) Dr. J. McP. Scott, Secretary of the Board of Medical Examiners representing the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, Hagerstown, Md.; Dr. J. S. Garrison, Secretary of the Board of Medical Examiners representing the Maryland State Homeopathic Society, Easton, Md.

Massachusetts.-Examination. No provision for reciprocity with other States. (Act of April 1, 1896.) Dr. E. B. Harvey, Secretary of Board of Registration in Medicine, Boston, Mass.

Michigan.-Examination. The applicant must have a diploma from a legally incorporated and reputable college of medicine having at least a four years' course of seven months each, and must have at least a high school education. Provides for reciprocity with the States, Territories, districts, or provinces of the United States and with any foreign nation. (Act of 1903.) Dr. B. D. Harison, Secretary of State Board of Registration in Medicine, Sault Ste. Marie, Mich.

Minnesota.-Examination. If graduated since January 1, 1899, the applicant must have attended four courses of not less than twenty-six weeks each. No provision for reciprocity. (Act of April 22, 1895.) Dr. C. J. Ringnell, Secretary of State Board of Medical Examiners, Minneapolis, Minn.

Mississippi.-Examination. No provision for reciprocity. (Code of 1892, ch. 104.) Dr. J. F. Hunter, Secretary of State Board of Health, Jackson, Miss.

Missouri.-Examination. Applicants must furnish evidence of their preliminary qualifications. No provision for reciprocity. (Act of March 12, 1901.) Dr. W. F. Morrow, Secretary of the State Board of Health, Kansas City, Mo.

Montana.-Examination and diploma of recognized medical school after attendance on four courses of lectures of at least six months each. No provision for reciprocity. Dr. William C. Riddell, Secretary of State Board of Medical Examiners, Helena, Mont.

Nebraska.-Diploma of a recognized medical college and an examination. Dr. G. H. Brash, Secretary of State Board of Health, Beatrice, Nebr.

Nevada. The diploma of a recognized medical college entitles the holder to a license. Otherwise an examination is required. No provision for reciprocity of licensure. Dr. S. L. Lee, Secretary of State Board of Medical Examiners, Carson City, Nev.

New Hampshire.-Examination by one of three State boards. The applicant must have a preliminary education equivalent to a high school education, must have studied medicine four years of nine months each, have attended four courses of six months each in a medical college registered as satisfactory, and must have received a diploma from a registered medical college or have received a certificate or license giving the right to practice in some foreign country. Persons holding licenses in other States having equal requirements may be licensed without examination. (Act of 1897.) Hon. Channing Folsom, Regent of State Boards of Medical Examiners, Concord, N. H.

New Jersey.-Examination. Applicants must have completed at least a four-years' course in a normal, manual training, or high school, or its equivalent; must have eitner a diploma from some legally incorporated medical college in the United States, or a diploma or license conferring the right to practice in some foreign country, and also studied medicine not less than four full school years of at least nine months

each, including four satisfactory courses of lectures of at least seven months each, in four different calendar years in a medical college. The law provides for reciprocity with other States. (Act of April 8, 1903.) Dr. E. L. B. Godfrey, Secretary of State Board of Medical Examiners, Camden, N. J.

New Mexico.-Graduation from a medical college in good standing. A medical college in good standing "is declared to be one of at least ten years continuous existence, one which now requires a high school certificate, or its equivalent, for admission to it, and one which now or hereafter requires an attendance on, and gives four full courses in four separate years, and one which has ample clinical facilities such as are furnished in large cities." The law provides for reciprocity with other States and Territories. (Act of March 12, 1903.) Dr. W. G. Hope, Secretary of New Mexico Board of Health, Albuquerque, N. Mex.

New York.-(1) Examination; (2) diploma from a medical college registered by the Regents of the University of the State of New York, or a diploma or license conferring the right to practice in some foreign country; (3) the preliminary education required by the regents; (4) study of medicine four years of nine months each, including attendance at a registered medical college four years of six months each. The law provides for reciprocity with other States and Territories. James Russell Parsons, Secretary of the Regents of the University of the State of New York, Albany, N. Y.

North Carolina.-Examination. Applicant must have a diploma from a medical college in good standing, or in lieu thereof may present a license to practice in some other State. All applicants are examined. (Act of 1899.) Dr. J. Howell Way, Secretary of State Board of Medical Examiners, Waynesville, N. C.

North Dakota.-Examination after attending three courses of lectures of at least six months each. No provision for reciprocity of licensure. Dr. H. M. Wheeler, Secretary of State Board of Medical Examiners, Grand Forks, N. Dak.

Ohio.-Examination. Applicants must have graduated from recognized medical colleges and have practically a high school education. The preliminary requirement applies only to those who have matriculated since January 1, 1900. Those who were matriculated in recognized Ohio medical colleges January 1, 1900, may receive certificates under the act of February 27, 1896. The law provides for reciprocity with any State, Territory, or the District of Columbia. (Act of April 14, 1900.) Dr. Frank Winders, Secretary of State Board of Medical Registration and Examination, Columbus, Ohio.

Oklahoma.-Examination. Applicants must furnish proof of ten years' continuous practice or of graduation from a reputable medical college. (Act of March 12, 1903.) Dr. E. E. Cowdrick, Secretary of Territorial Board of Health, Enid, Okla.

Oregon.-Examination. The law provides for reciprocity with any State in the United States requiring an examination for license. (Act of February 17, 1903.) Dr. B. E. Miller, Secretary of State Board of Medical Examiners, Portland, Oreg. Pennsylvania.-Examination. The applicant must have a "competent common school education" and a diploma from a medical college in the United States, or a diploma or license giving the right to practice in some foreign country. If graduated after July 1, 1895, he must have studied medicine four years, including three courses of lectures. Persons holding licenses in other States having equal requirements shall receive a license without further examination. (Act of May 18, 1893.) Hon. James W. Latta, Secretary of Medical Council of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Pa.

Rhode Island.-Authority to practice medicine "shall be a certificate from the State board of health, and said board shall, upon application, after examination, issue a certificate to any reputable physician who intends to practice medicine or surgery in this State and who shall present himself before the State board of health and pass in a satisfactory manner such examination as said board may require." (Ch. 165 of

the General Laws as amended November, 1901.) Dr. G. T. Swarts, Secretary of State Board of Health, Providence, R. I.

South Carolina.-Examination and diploma of a recognized medical college. Graduates of medical colleges in South Carolina having a four-years' course are exempt from examination. There is no provision for reciprocity. (Act of 1893 as amended February 15, 1901.) Dr. S. C. Baker, Secretary of State Board of Medical Examiners, Sumter, S. C.

South Dakota.-Examination and diploma from a recognized medical college having a four-years' course of study of not less than twenty-six weeks cach. The law provides for reciprocity with the District of Columbia and any State or Territory of the United States. (Act of March 5, 1903.) Dr. H. E. McNutt, Secretary of State Board of Medical Examiners, Aberdeen, S. Dak.

Tennessee.-Examination. No provision of law for reciprocity. (Act of April 22, 1901.) Dr. T. J. Happel, Secretary of State Board of Medical Examiners, Trenton, Tenn.

Texas.—Examination. The law permits the registration of persons who have been licensed in any other State or Territory having equal standards of requirements. (Act of February 22, 1901.) Dr. M. M. Smith, Secretary of Board of Medical Examiners for the State of Texas, Austin, Tex.; Dr. N. O. Brenizer, Secretary of Board of Homeopathic Medical Examiners of the State of Texas, Austin, Tex.; Dr. L. S. Downs, Secretary of Board of Eclectic Medical Examiners of the State of Texas, Galveston, Tex.

Utah.-Examination and diploma of a medical college in good standing. (Acts of 1892 and 1894.) Dr. R. W. Fisher, Secretary of State Board of Medical Examiners, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Vermont.-Examination and diploma of a medical college or university. The law provides for reciprocity. (Sec. 4633 of Vermont Statutes.) Dr. C. W. Strobell, Secretary of Board of Censors of the Vermont State Medical Society, Rutland, Vt.; Dr. E. B. Whitaker, Secretary of Homeopathic Board of Censore, Barre, Vt.; Dr. P. L. Templeton, Secretary of Eclectic Board of Censors, Montpelier, Vt.

Virginia.—Examination and a medical diploma. "The said board shall have, in their discretion, authority to accept in lieu of examination of an applicant a diploma or other satisfactory evidence of the graduation of the applicant in some medical college chartered by the State or Territory in which the same is situated, and a certificate from the examining board of any State or Territory of the United States or the District of Columbia, showing that said applicant has passed a satisfactory examination as to his proficiency, and obtained license from said board to practice medicine and surgery in said State, Territory, or District." (Act of April 23, 1903.) Dr. R. S. Martin, Secretary of State Board of Medical Examiners, Stuart, Va.

Washington.-Examination. Applicants must have graduated from a medical college "now having at least a three years' graded course.” The law provides for reciprocity with any State of the United States. (Act of Feb. 18, 1991.) Dr. T. B. Swearingen, Secretary of State Board of Medical Examiners, Tacoma, Wash.

West Virginia.-Examination. There is no provision for reciprocity. (Act of 1895.) Dr. A. R. Barbee, Secretary of State Board of Health, Point Pleasant, W.Va. Wisconsin.-Examination. An applicant must have a diploma from a reputable medical college that requires at least four courses of not less than seven months each and an elementary education equivalent to that necessary to enter the junior year of an accredited high school of the State, and after the year 1906 requires a preliminary education equivalent to graduation from such high school. Applicants presenting licenses from other States accompanied by a diploma from a reputable medical college may be licensed without examination, at the discretion of the board. (Act of May 22, 1903.) Dr. F. A. Forsbeck, Secretary of State Board of Medical Examiners, Milwaukee, Wis.

Wyoming.-Examination or diploma of a college which is "a member of the American Association of Medical Colleges, the Homeopathic Institutes, or the National Eclectic Medical Association, or any college of similar standing in foreign countries." The law does not provide for reciprocity. (Act of Feb. 14, 1899.) Dr. G. P. Johnston, Secretary of State Board of Medical Examiners, Cheyenne, Wyo.

III. LEGAL PROVISIONS GOVERNING THE PRACTICE OF DENTISTRY

IN THE SEVERAL STATES.

ALABAMA.

Board of dental examiners consists of five members elected by the Alabama Dental Association for terms of five years.

Requirements for licensure.-Examination by the board of dental examiners.

Penalty for violation.-Contracts void unless dentist is licensed. (Ch. 34, Code of 1896, as amended by act of March 4, 1901.)

ARIZONA.

Territorial board of dental examiners consists of five resident practicing dentists, graduates from some reputable dental college duly authorized to grant degrees in dentistry, appointed by the governor for terms of four years.

Requirements for licensure.-Examination by the Territorial board of dental examiners. Applicants for examination shall (1) furnish satisfactory evidence of having graduated from a reputable dental college of the United States, which must be a member of the National Association of Dental College Faculties; or (2) shall have graduated from a high school or similar institution of learning in Arizona or some other State or Territory of the United States, requiring a four years' course of study, and have completed an apprenticeship of three years of twelve months each with a licensed practitioner of dentistry; or (3) furnish a certificate from the State board of dental examiners, or similar body of some other State or Territory of the United States, showing that he or she has been a licensed practitioner of dentistry in that State or Territory for at least five years.

Penalty for violation.-Fine of $100 to $200, or imprisonment of three to six months, or both, for each and every offense. (Act of March 17, 1903.)

ARKANSAS.

Board of dental examiners consists of five reputable practicing dentists recommended by the State Dental Society and appointed by the governor for terms of two years.

Requirements for licensure.-Examination by the board of dental examiners, or a diploma from a reputable college of dentistry may be accepted by the board.

Penalty for violation.-Fine of $5 to $25; every day of engagement or attempted engagement in illegal practice being considered a separate offense. (Act of May 23, 1901.)

CALIFORNIA.

Board of dental examiners of California consists of seven reputable and ethical practicing dentists appointed by the governor for terms of four years. None of the members of the board shall be members of the faculty of any dental college or shall have any financial interest in such college.

Requirements for licensure.-Examination by the board of dental examiners of California. Applicants for examination must have graduated from a reputable dental

college of the United States of America, which must have been indorsed by the board of dental examiners of California, and be a member of the National Association of Dental College Faculties; or shall have graduated from a high school or similar institution in the United States, requiring a four years' course of study, and give evidence of completion of apprenticeship of three years of twelve months each with a licensed practitioner of dentistry in California, or furnish a certificate from the State board of dental examiners or similar body of some other State in the United States, showing that he or she has been a licensed practitioner in that State for at least five years.

Penalty for violation.-First offense, fine of $50 to $200; subsequent offenses, fine of $250 to $500, or imprisonment for six months. (Act of March 23, 1901.)

COLORADO.

State board of dental examiners consists of five practitioners of dentistry, three of whom are chosen from a list recommended by the State Dental Association, appointed by the governor with the consent of the senate.

Requirements for licensure.-Examination by the board of dental examiners, the prerequisite being a diploma of graduation from some reputable dental college, school, or university dental department in any of the United States.

Penalty for violation.-Fine of $100 to $300; each day of illegal practice being regarded as a separate offense. (Act of April 17, 1897.)

CONNECTICUT.

Board of dental commissioners consists of five practicing dentists of not less than ten years' experience in practice, appointed biennially by the governor for terms of two years.

Requirements for licensure.-Examination by the dental commissioners. An applicant for examination shall have received a diploma or other sufficient certificate of graduation from some reputable dental college, or medical college having a department of dentistry and recognized by the laws of the State wherein the same is situated, or shall have spent three years under the instruction of some reputable dentist, or shall have had at least three years' continuous practice as a dentist.

Penalty for violation.-Fine not exceeding $50 for each offense; the unlawful practice of dentistry for each week being considered a separate offense. (General Statutes of 1902, secs. 4740-4751.)

DELAWARE.

Board of dental examiners consists of five reputable practicing dentists, appointed by the governor for terms of four years.

Requirements for licensure.-Examination by the board. Assistants in practice must pass same examination.

Penalty for violation.-Fine of $50 to $300, or imprisonment of not more than six months. (Act of March 31, 1885, as amended March 23, 1899.)

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

Board of dental examiners consists of five reputable dentists who have for three years prior to their appointment been actively engaged in the practice of dentistry in the District of Columbia, appointed by the Commissioners of said District for terms of five years.

Requirements for licensure.-Examination by the board of dental examiners, or graduation from a dental college requiring a three years' course of study.

Penalty for violation.-Fine of $50 to $200, or imprisonment of thirty to ninety days. (Act of Congress of June 6, 1892.)