Advances in Microbial Toxin Research and Its Biotechnological ExploitationRajeev K. Upadhyay Microbial toxins are secondary metabolites that accumulate in the organism and, to a large extent, are metabolically inactive towards the organism that produces them. The discovery of penicillin, a secondary metabolite of Penicillium notatum West (= P. chrysogenum Thom), in 1929 marked a milestone in the development of antibiotics (microbial toxins). In the intensive studies that followed this discovery, scientists chemically characterized several new molecules (toxins) from secondary metabolites of microbes, some having a definite function in causing pathogenesis in plants. Toxins are also known to playa significant role in inciting animal (human) and insect diseases and as plant growth regulators. Many common toxins have also been isolated from different microbes exhibiting a wide spectrum of biological activity. Toxins are broadly divisible into several characteristic groupings - polyketides, oxygen heterocyclic compounds, pyrons, terpenoidS, amino acids - diketopiperazines, polypeptides etc. Recent research has indicated that these toxins play an important role in plant pathogenesis, disease epidemics, plant breeding, biological control of plant pathogens and insect pests, induced resistance, plant-pathogen interactions etc. Toxins produced by weed pathogens are exploited as lead molecules in developing environmentally friendly herbicides. |
Contents
1 | |
Chemistry Biology and Significance | 23 |
Suppressor and ElicitorActivities of Magnaporthe grisea Toxin in Rice Leaves | 31 |
Toxinogenesis of Fusarium graminearum Clonal Variability and Influence of Substrate | 39 |
Evolution Function and Prospects for Control | 47 |
Oxygen Activation by Fungal and Bacterial Toxins | 63 |
Theromoresponsive Phytotoxin Production in Plant Pathogenic Bacteria | 81 |
Ceratoulmin a Toxin Produced by the Pathogens of the Dutch Elm Disease | 93 |
Toxicity of Syringomycins and its Pathological Significance | 141 |
Structural Diversity of Lichen Metabolites and Their Potential Use | 151 |
Algal and Cyanobacterial Metabolites as Agents for Pest Management | 171 |
Engineering Disease Resistance in Plants Using Phytotoxins as Molecular Stooges | 197 |
Inhibition of Ceramide Synthesis in Plants by Phytotoxins | 211 |
Advances in Molecular Biology of Phytotoxin Production and | 231 |
Insecticidal Proteins of Bacillus Thuringiensis and Their Application in Agriculture | 259 |
281 | |
Other editions - View all
Advances in Microbial Toxin Research and Its Biotechnological Exploitation R. K. Upadhyay Limited preview - 2002 |
Advances in Microbial Toxin Research and Its Biotechnological Exploitation Rajeev K. Upadhyay No preview available - 2013 |
Advances in Microbial Toxin Research and Its Biotechnological Exploitation Rajeev K. Upadhyay No preview available - 2010 |
Common terms and phrases
AAL-toxin Abbas aflatoxin AK-toxin algae Alternaria alternata amino acid antibiotic antifungal Aspergillus Bacillus Bacillus thuringiensis bacterial bacterium Ballio beauvericin binding Biochem biosynthesis caused ceramide ceramide synthase inhibitors cerato-ulmin Chem chemical cloned compounds coronatine cultivars cyanobacteria disease effects encoding enzyme fatty acid flavus formation fumonisin fungal fungi fungicides fungus Fusarium gene genetic graminearum HC-toxin herbicides host host-specific toxins induced infection inhibition insecticidal interaction isolates leaf lichen lipid lipodepsinonapeptides lipodepsipeptides lipopeptides maize mechanism microbial Microbiol moiety molecular mutants mycotoxins necrosis nontoxigenic novo-ulmi oxygen parasiticus pathogen pathway peptide phaseolotoxin phytopathogenic Phytopathology phytotoxic phytotoxin plant cell plant pathogens Plant Pathol Plant Physiol plasma membrane polyketide potential protein Pseudomonas syringae Pseudomonas syringae pv residues resistance rice role secondary metabolites sequence species sphingolipid structure studies susceptible synthesis synthetase syrB syringae strains syringomycin syringopeptin syringotoxin tabtoxin Takemoto tissues tomato toxicity toxigenic toxin production transgenic ulmi victorin virulence