One of the devices we have found that will stop it is a simple little device called a Mighty Lock. You install it in the base of a fixed door. Then drill a hole in the sliding door at the base. The little bolt goes in and prevents the door from being lifted off the truck, or prevents peeling the soft metal from around the aluminum strike area. These are channel locks, and prevalent in the bay area [indicating] The burglars love these and with a tremendous amount of leverage break the pop metal in the inside of the device and break the door open. The locking device that you see here and also here [indicating] is a design that came about as a result of our department people meeting with the research people in the bay area and they developed this on our recommendations. And the outside knob, when the door is locked, is neutral and stays free. So you can put the channel lock on it and turn it all day long and it won't pop the lock. The 1-inch dead bolt also is retracted when you turn the bolt from the inside. The fire marshal has OK'd these for home for the elderly, schools, et cetera. The padlock is, of course, an exterior locking device that we have found are easily cut or they can be popped very easily. The padlock on the right [indicating] shows that it is hardened steel. However, the hardened steel is very limited and you can cut it with a pair of bolt cutters tremendously easily. The padlock on the left has a much thicker shackle. The hardening is more thorough, and the fire department has had to buy special bolt cutters to be able to cut it. We have had several attempts on this lock and all but a few failed. Of course, the padlock is only as secure as the hasp, and the hasp should be hardened. One manufacturer actually puts the key number on the padlock and unbeknownst to many business people, anyone can take a key number-that 19N110 that you see on this lock-they can take the number and go to the locksmith and tell him he lost his key for his No. 15 padlock, and the locksmith will cut a key for him. The locksmith does, I understand, pass out a little pamphlet now that asks you to remove the number. We have had several entries made where they have removed the hinge pin and opened the door on the hinge side. We have found nonremovable hinges. The one on the right [indicating] has a male and a female plug. When the plate is in place, they go together and then even though the pin is pulled, the plates cannot be removed when the door is closed. You may drill a hole through the casing of the hinge itself, locking the pin in place. Wrought iron cannot only enhance the aesthetics of a building, but the security. There are also glass and glasslike materials which are burglar resistant. The piece on the right with the vinyl coming through the bottom of the glass is Armada glass, which has had quite a bit of testing, and Underwriters' Laboratory has shown it as a burglarresistant glass. It is about five times the cost of plate. The little piece on the left-hand side is a piece of Lexon, made by General Electric. This is a plasticlike substance that is guaranteed darned near bulletproof, really. The holes that you see there are 22, 38, and the one that penetrated it is a .357 magnum, which is a tremendously high-powered bullet. These were fired from 17 yards away on our range. These sell for twice the cost of plate glass. In conclusion, it is our thought that the one way that crime is going to be stopped in the small business is through cooperation of the small businessman and the police department, and each recognizing his responsibility in the community for the protection of the community. That is it. Mr. KLUCZYNSKI. Thank you. We want to thank you for your tremendous testimony and also your pictures, the slides. They say a picture is worth a thousand words, and you can see it right there. If there are no other questions or comments, I want to thank you again for your presentation. Mr. ROE. Sergeant Kearns, can you tell us approximately how much expenditure does a small businessman have to make under your particular ordinance? Mr. KEARNS. Well, the hardware in a structure during the construction stage represents less than 1 percent of the total cost of the building. And in the main, in order to meet our recommendations and the standards of the ordinance, we have found it generally runs about $150 to $200 total to protect a business right from scratch; that is, to change the locks on the doors, put the bars on the windows, whether they are decorative metal or what have you. Mr. KLUCZYNSKI. There being no further questions, thank you again. You did a fine job. (The following was subsequently submitted:) CITY OF OAKLAND POLICE-FIRE AND INSURANCE COORDINATING COMMITTEE MODEL: BURGLARY SECURITY CODE (MINIMUM STANDARDS) I. Members of Police-Fire and Insurance Coordinating Committee: John G. Kearns: Oakland Police Department. D. E. Wine: Hartford Insurance Co. Stan Pebsworth: Travelers Insurance Co. II. Development of Model Code The following City Ordinances were used as guides in developing the model code: General Ordinance No. 25, 1969, as amended, City of Indianapolis, Indiana-Section 605-3 F211 Housing Inspection and Code Enforcement, Trenton, New Jersey-Section 23-405 of the Arlington Heights Village, Illinois, CodeSection 614.46. Chapter 3 of the Arlington County, Virginia Building Code--Section H-323.4 of the Prince George's County, Maryland Housing Code-City of Oakland, California Building Code-Burglary Prevention Ordinance, Oakland, California. III. Purpose The purpose of this Code is to provide minimum standards to safeguard property and public welfare by regulating and controlling the design, construction, quality of materials, use an occupancy, location and maintenance of all buildings and structures within a city and certain equipment specifically regulated herein. IV. Scope The provisions of the Code shall apply to new construction and to buildings or structures to which additions, alternations or repairs are made except as specifically provided in this Code. When additions, alterations or repairs within any 12-month period exceed 50 per cent of the value of the existing building or structure, such building or structure shall be made to conform to the requirements for new buildings and structures. V. Applications to Existing Buildings (It is the Committee's recommendation that the Code apply only to new construction, additions, alterations or repairs. However, some cities may wish to include present structures. If so, the following paragraph may be substituted for IV. above.) All existing and future buildings in the city shall, when unattended, be so secured as to prevent unauthorized entry, in accordance with specifications for physical security of accessible openings as provided in this Code. VI. Alternate Materials and Methods of Construction The provisions of this Code are not intended to prevent the use of any material or method of construction not specifically prescribed by this Code, provided any such alternate has been approved nor is it the intention of this Code to exclude any sound method of structural design or analysis not specifically provided for in this Code. Structural design limitations given in this Code are to be used as a guide only, and exceptions thereto may be made if substantiated by calculations or other suitable evidence prepared by a qualified person. The enforcing authority may approve any such alternate provided he finds the proposed design is satisfactory and the material, method or work offered is, for the purpose intended, at least equivalent of that prescribed in this Code in quality, strength, effectiveness, burglary resistance, durability and safety. VII. Tests Whenever there is insufficient evidence of compliance with the provisions of this Code or evidence that any material or any construction does not conform to the reqirements of this Code, or in order to substantiate claims for alternate materials or methods of construction, the enforcing authority may require tests as proof of compliance to be made at the expense of the owner or his agent by an approved agency. VIII. Enforcement Ths Multiple Dwelling and Private Dwelling Ordinances shall be included in the Building Code and enforced by the Building Official. The Commercial Ordinance shall be administered and enforced by the Chief of Police. IX. Responsibility for Security The owner or his designated agent shall be responsible for compliance with the specifications set forth in this Code. X. Violations and Penalties It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation to erect, construct, enlarge, alter, repair, move, improve, remove, convert or demolish, equip, use, occupy or maintain any building or structure in the city, or cause the same to be done, contrary to or in violation of any of the provisions of this code. Any person, firm, or corporation violating any of the provisions of this Code shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punishable by a fine of not more than $500, or by imprisonment for not more than six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment. XI. Appeals In order to prevent or lessen unnecessary hardship or practical difficulties in exceptional cases where it is difficult or impossible to comply with the strict letter of this Code, and in order to determine the suitability of alternate materials and types of construction and to provide for reasonable interpretations of the provisions of this Code, there shall be created a Board of Examiners and Appeals (if none exist). The Board shall exercise its powers on these matters in such a way that the public welfare is secured, and substantial justice done most nearly in accord with the intent and purpose of this Code. CITY OF OAKLAND POLICE-FIRE AND INSURANCE COORDINATING COMMITTEE MODEL COMMERCIAL BURGLARY SECURITY ORDINANCE (MINIMUM STANDARDS) I. All Exterior Doors Shall Be Secured As Follows A. A single door shall be secured with either a double cylinder deadbolt or a single cylinder deadbolt without a turnpiece with a minimum throw of one inch. A hook or expanding bolt may have a throw of 4 inch. Any deadbolt must contain hardened material to repel attempts at cutting through the bolt. B. On pairs of doors, the active leaf shall be secured with the type lock required for single doors in (A) above. The inactive leaf shall be equipped with flush bolts protected by hardened material with a minimum throw of % inch at head and foot. Multiple point locks, cylinder activated from the active leaf and satisfying (I, A ad B) above may be used in lieu of flush bolts. C. Any single or pair of doors requiring locking at the bottom or top rail shall have locks with a minimum % inch throw bolt at both the top and bottom rails. D. Cylinders shall be so designed or protected so they cannot be gripped by pliers or other wrenching devices. E. Exterior sliding commercial entrances shall be secured as in (A, B & D) above with special attention given to safety regulations. F. Rolling overhead doors, solid overhead swinging, sliding or accordion garage-type doors shall be secured with a cylinder lock or padlock on the inside, when not otherwise controlled or locked by electric power operation. If a padlock is used, it shall be of hardened steel shackle, with minimum five pin tumbler operation with non-removable key when in an unlocked position. G. Metal accordion grate or grill-type doors shall be equipped with metal guide track at top and bottom, and a cylinder lock and/or padlock with hardened steel shackle and minimum five pin tumbler operation with non-removable key when in an unlocked position. H. Outside hinges on all exterior doors shall be provided with non-removable pins when using pin-type hinges. I. Doors with glass panels and doors that have glass panels adjacent to the door frame shall be secured as follows: 1. Rated burglary resistant glass or glass-like material, or 2. The glass shall be covered with iron bars of at least one half-inch round or 1" x 4" flat steel material, spaced not more than five inches apart, secured on the inside of the glazing, or 3. Iron or steel grills of at least "' material of 2'' mesh secured on the inside of the glazing. J. Inswinging doors shall have rabbitted jambs. K. Wood doors, not or solid core construction, or with panels therein less than 1%" thick, shall be covered on the inside with at least 16 gauge sheet steel or its equivalent attached with screws on minimum six inch centers. L. Jambs for all doors shall be constructed or protected so as to prevent violation of the function of the strike. M. All exterior doors, excluding front doors, shall have a minimum of 60 watt bulb over the outside of the door. Such bulb shall be protected with a vapour cover or cover of equal breaking resistant material. II. Glass Windows A. Accessible rear and side windows not viewable from the street shall consist of rated burglary resistant glass or glass-like material. Fire Department approval shall be obtained on type of glazing used. B. If the accessible side or rear window is of the openable type it shall be secured on the inside with a locking device capable of withstanding a force of 300 pounds applied in any direction. C. Louvered windows shall not be used within eight feet of ground level, adjacent structures or fire escapes. D. Outside hinges on all accessible side and read glass windows shall be provided with non-removable pins. If the hinge screws are accessible, the screws shall be of the nonremovable type. III. Accessible Transoms All exterior transoms exceeding 8" x 12" on the side and rear of any building or premises used for business purposes shall be protected by one of the following: 1. Rated burglary resistant glass or glass-like material, or 2. Outside iron bars of at least 1⁄2" round or 1" x 4" flat steel material, spaced no more than 5'' apart, or 3. Outside iron or steel grills of at least " material but not more than 2'' mesh. 4. The window barrier shall be secured with rounded head flush bolts on the inside. IV. Roof Openings A. All glass skylights on the roof of any building or premises used for business purposes shall be provided with: 1. Rated burglary resistant glass or glass-like material meeting Code requirements, or 2. Iron bars of at least 1⁄2" round or 1′′ x 4'' flat steel material under the skylight and securely fastened, or " 3. A steel grill of at least material of 2" mesh under the skylight and securely fastened. B. All hatchway openings on the roof of any building or premises used for business purposes shall be secured as follows: 1. If the hatchway is of wooden material; it shall be covered on the inside with at least 16 gauge sheet steel or its equivalent attached with screws. 2. The hatchway shall be secured from the inside with a slide bar or slide bolts. The use of crossbar or pad lock must be approved by the Fire Marshal. 3. Outside hinges on all hatchway openings shall be provided with nonremovable pins when using pin-type hinges. C. All air duct or air vent openings exceeding 8" x 12" on the roof or exterior walls of any building or premise used for business purposes shall be secured by covering the same with either of the following: " 1. Iron bars of at least 1⁄2" round or 1′′ x 1⁄44′′ flat steel material, spaced no more than 5' apart and securely fastened, or 2. A steel grill of at least " material of 2" mesh and securely fastened. 3. If the barrier is on the outside, it shall be secured with rounded head flush bolts on the outside. V. Special Security Measures A. Safes: Commercial establishments having $1.000 or more in cash on the premises after closing hours shall lock such money in a Class "E" safe after closing hours. B. Office Buildings (Multiple occupancy): All entrance doors to individual office suites shall have a deadbolt lock with a minimum one inch throw bolt which can be opened from the inside. VI. Intrusion Detection Devices A. If it is determined by the enforcing authority of this ordinance that the security measures and locking devices described in this ordinance do not adequately secure the building, he may require the installation and maintenance of an intrusion detection device (Burglar Alarm System). B. Establishments having specific type inventories shall be protected by the following type alarm service : 1. Silent Alarm-Central Station--Supervised Service: a. Jewelry store-Mfg., wholesale, and retail |