Mr. KEARNS. It is a misdemeanor subject to fine and/or imprisonment. The same punishment as the violation of the fire laws.

Mr. KLUCZYNSKI. What type of cooperation do you get from the small businessmen ?

Mr. KEARNS. Excellent, in the majority. There is always one or two that you have problems with.

Mr. KLUCZINSKI. How many police do you have in Oakland?
Mr. KEARNS. We have approximately 710.

Mr. KLUCZYNSKI. And your population is

Mr. KEARNS. Is 375,000.

Mr. KLUCZYNSKI. What compensation, what is their pay for the first year, a new patrolman; what do you start them with? Mr. KEARNS. We just recently got a raise.

Mr. KLUCZYNSKI. I am asking about the starting salary.
Mr. KEARNS. About $926 a month.

Mr. KLUCZYNSKI. That would be $10,000, $11,000; about $11,000.

And when you first take the civil service examination you are in for 6 months on probation. Do you work it that way?

Mr. KEARNS. It is a 1-year probation.

Mr. KLUCZYNSKI. One-year probation?

Mr. KEARNS. Yes, sir.

Mr. KLUCZYNSKI. And then you get a raise the second year?
Mr. KEARNS. Right; yes, sir.

Mr. KLUCZYNSKI. You are a sergeant. How long have you been on the police department?

Mr. KEARNS. Well, I have been a policeman 21 years.

Mr. KLUCZYNSKI. How long a sergeant?

Mr. KEARNS. Approximately 9 years.

Mr. KLUCZYNSKI. And your men, your patrolmen or sergeant or lieutenants or captains leave their homes and don't know whether they are coming back that evening; is that right?

Mr. KEARNS. Yes, sir

Mr. KLUCZYNSKI. How many policemen have been killed in there in the last year?

Mr. KEARNS. We haven't had any killed in the last year, sir.
Mr. KLUCZYNSKI. You haven't?

Mr. KEARNS. No, sir. Berkeley and San Francisco and San Jose have. Mr. KLUCZYNSKI. Well, we have had a few here in the city of Chicago and I am telling you it is a problem and something must be done about it.

Mr. Hungate, any questions or comments?

Mr. HUNGATE. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

Sergeant, this crime prevention ordinance, the Oakland ordinance, have other cities adopted it?

Mr. KEARNS. Yes, sir; the city of Seattle, Wash., has adopted it in total. The city of Monterey Park in California has adopted it with a few changes. And I understand that Orange County, in Los Angeles, is considering adopting it on a countywide basis. And Los Angeles is also looking into this, that is Los Angeles County.

Mr. HUNGATE. It sounds like a very worthwhile approach. You made a comparison to the fire prevention ordinance.

Mr. KEARNS. Yes.

Mr. HUNGATE. And I would think that a great part of the country, many cities and counties, would be interested in the application of such provisions.

Mr. KEARNS. Yes, sir. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

Mr. KLUCZYNSKI. Thank you, Sergeant.

Mr. Button, any questions or comments?

Mr. BUTTON. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

Sergeant, what is the date of this ordinance? How long has it been in effect?

Mr. KEARNS. That was in June of 1964 when it became law, sir. Mr. BUTTON. It is unclear to me in the case of the businessman who has not gone along, how many prosecutions have there been; how frequently?

Mr. KEARNS. Fortunately we have not had a problem of getting compliance with the ordinance.

Mr. BUTTON. In other words, compliance is complete?

Mr. KEARNS. Yes, sir; in the main. As far as our ability to be able to contact as many businesses as possible.

Mr. BUTTON. Is a small number of these available, by any chance? Mr. KEARNS. I can mail them to Mr. Roe, if you wish, for distribution to the committee. I don't have them with me right now. Mr. BUTTON. I would like to have three or four, if I could. Mr. KEARNS. Certainly.

Mr. BUTTON. Thank you very much, sir; thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. KLUCZYNSKI. This is quite a brochure. I want to read this ordinance of yours, and I wonder if we couldn't have something like that all over the country.

Wouldn't this be similar to the Dragnet series last year when the small businessman was told by Sergeant Friday and also Jack Webb, to do this and put the grates on, put locks on and everything? Mr. KEARNS. Right.

Mr. KLUCZYNSKI. For the benefit of the committee, would you show some of those slides, please?

Mr. KEARNS. Yes, sir. If I may, I have a slide presentation which includes these locking devices, and then the committee, if they wish to be looking at the locks while I am showing them, if they wish, they can be doing that.

I think this would give you a little better insight as to what we are doing and what we are trying to accomplish in our city, if it is agreeable with the committee.

Mr. KLUCZYNSKI. This is very interesting. This is something that the committee will appreciate. How long will that take?

Mr. KEARNS. Oh, there are

Mr. KLUCZYNSKI. Are these slides or movies?

Mr. KEARNS. Slides, yes, sir. I can move rapidly along.

Mr. KLUCZYNSKI. Okay, lights.

(Whereupon, slides were shown with the following comments by Mr. Kearns.)

Mr. KEARNS. This is a shot of downtown Oakland, and like any other community, whether it be Oakland, Chicago or New York or Philadelphia, we have both extremes of security in the business establishments.

Here is an example of the security that a local bar owner had on his liquor establishment, and his rational was, "Well, locks were only made to keep out the honest people."

Here is a gentleman in a different type of business; as you can see from the way he has established the security around his business, he feels that most people are a little bit on the dishonest side. This is the type of thing we are trying to avoid in our community, to make it into a steel-shuttered downtown area.

Here is an example of what can be done by the businessman to make his place less vulnerable to burglary. The officer driving by this establishment to make an inspection to see that there has been no entry into the business, can see readily down the side of the building and also the front. However, as he approaches the door you will notice that the shrubs here cover completely a side door and the window area. So a burglar could be hiding in there working on the door and not be seen by anyone.

After our recommendations, the people cut down the shrubs, and you can see that it is much better for the officer to see if anybody is working in there. Fortunately, there is a street light across the street. The way it was before, the burglar could stand behind the bushes and work on the door or he could hide and take the policeman as he comes up to inspect the building.

Here is an example of a structure that as you can see, physical security would be almost impossible here because of the dilapidated condition of the building. We were able to convince the owner to put in an adequate alarm system in addition to protecting his doors.

This is an example of a small businessman protecting his windows. He put bars on the windows, but he failed to peen over the bolts. This is what we try to get people to do, either spot weld them or bend over the bolts so they can't be removed from the window.

Here is an example of advertising that is questionable. We have talked in particular to the service station people, but also some of the business people of the community, whether they believe with advertising like this they are really accomplishing their purpose, which is to sell tires, or whether they are merely notifying the thief of the inventory they have that is available to him.

Here is an example of how sometimes a businessman can become rather unreasonable on his demands on the police department. There is an electronic store on a main thoroughfare in the city of Oakland that has had four burglaries through the rear. He called the city manager and the chief of police and complained that the police department were not doing their job. This is a side street off of the main drag leading into the rear door of the electronics shop. As you can see, you walk down the driveway along the side of the building toward the old dilapidated building. In the rear you observe a pathway leading in back, to the back. As you follow the pathway you see the green portion of a building, and then you step around and believe it or not, the white door is the rear door of this firm.

The owner was wondering why the policemen were not apprehending the burglars coming through there. You will notice it is accessible underneath the floor, and a burglar did come through the floor on one occasion. The gentleman had hooked up a wire to the rear doorknob and hooked it up and threw water on it and assured us he was going to get him a burglar.

A psychological barrier-during our talks with the burglars and thieves, we discovered in some places by applying a little bit of psychology you could deter their activities. This is an appliance store. They had four large front windows smashed in a month. On our recommendation they put up a wrought iron barrier over one half of the display window. They continue to display the same items and have not had a window smashed since they put up this barrier.

The thieves, if they desire, could still break the window and climb over the barrier, but this little barrier is enough to cut off his thought process of trying to steal something out of that window.

Here is an example of a man who used decorative wrought iron metal, but he did not contact us and in our opinion it actually detracted from the establishment even though it did protect the structure. He could have gotten the same protection with much more decorative wrought iron had he contacted us and talked to us.

The owner of this building installed cyclone fencing over the lower windows. We also recommended that he install this over the second story windows. He had an entry on a Saturday night. The burglar shimmied up the pipe that you see there and went through the second story windows. This picture was taken on a Sunday morning, and it is closed Saturday and Sunday and you can see the attitude of management when they leave their windows open on the days they are closed. Here is an example of how you can have the security of a building and still not detract from the aesthetics of the building. A roll-down steel grate comes across and protects the windows. However, in normal operations on normal time, it is out of sight and does not detract from the view of the people.

Something else the owner of this particular company did for us was closing his blinds after business hours. We were trying to come up with a possible idea that the thief breaks into a building to steal what he can see, not to see what he can steal. And by putting the blinds like this, he hides his display behind the windows. And again, how many people are walking around downtown, window shopping after all of the businesses have closed, and he has not had any problems since he has practiced this.

Here is a picture of two businesses following the light procedure at night. However, they do not go far enough. As you can see, the officer driving by the businesses can see well into the companies, however you will notice a big black blob between the buildings. Had the people put a light in a socket above the head of the officer posing there, this is what the beat officer would have seen when he drove by rather than a big black blob.

We recommend that a light be over all side and rear doors of any business establishment.

Here is another man who has left the light on in the business, and again, what purpose does it accomplish because nobody can see in. Had he used the money to put a light over on the side door, the beat officer walking by would have seen this, a man trying to break in, where conversely, walking by he sees nothing here. And you can imagine the threat there is to an officer walking down a darkened alleyway like this to make an inspection of a side door when there is no lighting there to protect him and give him a view.

There are many types of burglar alarms available. There is ultrasonic, radar, photoelectric units, standard tape, portable alarm systems, trip wires, but the thing is that the businessman has to realize that an alarm system is a detection device. The detection of the entry of a burglar is detected by the alarm system, but the physical prevention is what is going to stop it.

Many establishments have these two types of locks [indicating]. The one on the right is a simple spring lock and can be opened with anything. The lock on the left is a deadlatch lock. The latch on the side can be held back, preventing the lock from being opened easily. However, the length of the bolt on these locks makes it extremely easy for a burglar to open the molding on the side of the door.

We recommend that the businessmen install the top lock, a 1-inch bolt. The others are a half inch. We found in many buildings they were protected with half-inch locks, but in the settling of the buildings, only about one-sixteenth of an inch went into the frame, so with a little bit of a pry you could pop the bolt right out.

Of course, we have urged the double cylinder dead bolt, which requires a key to open it on either side. If a burglar comes through a window, if he cannot get the door open, he can only steal what he can take out the way he came in.

This is a lock designed for double-style aluminum doors [indicating]. It is an excellent lock, very effective, particularly on aluminum

doors.

I noticed in my tour of Chicago the last time I was there that most of your aluminum doors have the same type of cylinder as the one at the top. The cylinder is completely exposed and you can take a pair of pliers and actually pull that cylinder out, or you can take a dent puller and pull it out and activate the lock and go in.

The bottom cylinder has a steel case-hardened ring around it which prohibits it being pulled out.

This is a strike plate that was designed for the aluminum doors [indicating]. On the table I have a door piece cut off of a door frame that was actually broken through in San Francisco and all they did was peel the soft aluminum from the frame, which allowed the bolt to clear. This goes inside the soft aluminum and gives it a hardened protection so it cannot be pulled easily.

This is an adjustable strike plate which can be used to take up any slack between the door frame and the bolt so that you are getting the maximum amount of bolt going into the strike area.

This is a drop bolt. This is one that goes on the fixed door that goes into the header above the door and also into the floor. We had Roose Atkins broken into a couple of times, and they couldn't figure out how entry was made. We discovered what was happening. They only had the bolt going into the ground, not into the header. What the burglars were doing was putting the pry under the aluminum door and were able to lift the bolt out and open the door and then reverse the procedure behind them. So we strongly urge the people to have it go into the top as well as the bottom. That makes it a fixed door.

This, of course, is a sliding aluminum door and it is tremendously vulnerable. Many of the construction people have installed these in businesses, and it is a burglar's delight.