getting to Wyzarne, I shall have more time there and my thoughts will be freer. I hope to live for those few weeks, and if it happens otherwise, well, then my parents will inform you that your correspondent has removed from here to eternity. But I confess that, if formerly I wished to die, now such an ending is distasteful to me. I want to live. It seems that I perceived too late that life is beautiful in spite of all. I am curious whether in dying we have all our presence of mind, whether we understand what is going on at this moment with us and around us. If so, excuse me, please. I don't wish to die in full consciousness. I cannot imagine what occurs in the head, in the thoughts of the dying person, what he feels and thinks. Do you know, I have the intention of dying with a pen in my hand, namely to write what I feel in those last moments. Of course if it is possible to do it and if regret for the flying life does not oppress me.

I write as if I were already with one foot in the grave, but it is not so, because I don't even lie in bed, but I walk, I even sew sometimes with the sewing machine. Only this "death" persecutes me, and I cannot write more to-day, because all my faculties are covered with mourning-crepe.

[Greetings and kisses.]

Zocha.

My dear Uncle:

Lipsk, June 20, 1909.

Two weeks have passed already since I left Warsaw, and not until to-day have I found time to write to you, dear uncle. I had to renew my old acquaintanceships, and had other obligations also, which did not permit me to do until now what I should have begun with. How is your health, dear uncle and auntie? Are my little cousins in good health, do they play or work? I am curious how the weather is and the temperature in America, because here it is bad, not wet, but very cold. Do you know, not all the potatoes have yet come up? The summer will be very late.

I feel worse than bad in my health. It has come so far that, while five years ago I weighed 148 pounds, now I weigh scarcely 112; it is perhaps the smallest weight that a grown-up person can have. I have little hope of living for a long time, and still less of having the health and strength which I need so much for work. That is the reason I cannot carry out your advice, dear uncle, about long walks. From Wyzarne to Lipsk is 6 versts, to Peolyki 4 times as much. It is not for my strength to walk so long a way, since if I walk a little through the forest I feel terribly tired. Corsets and narrow shoes I don't

wear even in Warsaw, the more so in the country. I eat as much soured and sweet milk as I can and everything made from milk, I also eat all vegetables, but what is the use of all this? In the country indeed I get better during the summer and some pounds are added to my weight, but the winter takes all this away and more still. How long will it last, and what kind of illness is it? No doctor can know it. The home remedies, the so-called old women's remedies, don't bring the desired results either. I try everything that anybody advises me to do, and in vain. Now somebody got the idea that it is a tape-worm, and they gave me some poison; but I fear to use it lest I may poison myself in truth. Death does not let us wait very long for itself. Why should I hasten its visit?

In Lipsk I found everything as it has been from old; no changes reach these retired places. If there were not the frequent, too frequent immigration to America and back, people here could remain for a long time "as in God's house behind the stove" [Proverb: happy and calm], without knowing that there exists a world besides Suwalki, Grodno, Warsaw and Czestochowa, and that in this world people are more intelligent, richer and better prepared to live. Here those who have money enough sit every day in the tavern - no, it is not a tavern, these belong to the past but a "restaurant"! Lipsk has been able to do this much for the comfort of its citizens, and those who have not so much money work the whole week in order that they may at least on Sunday "be equal to men" and sit at the same table, or under the same table. Not everybody is like this, but an enormous majority. The cause of all this is the lack of schools, and therefore people who are a little more intelligent cry "enlightenment," but their voice is a voice calling in the wilderness. The rich and noble are abroad, and only they could do something if they would. And in general people grow indifferent to everything that is Polish and for Poland - not indifferent to the brilliant and splendid Poland which clinks with its thousands of roubles, but to this poor, gray, vulgar, and stupid Poland. What do they care if the children of hired workmen remain poor hired workmen? That for a long time still they will believe that by charms and curses, illness and different other troubles are chased away. On the contrary, they endeavor to maintain as long as possible this unnatural state, because they know that when there is not a single illiterate, from this moment the thousands will no more flow so easily as now to their bottomless pockets.

Thence comes this indifference for all exhibits which have the local industry in view. The rich industrial does not care for such an exhibit, because he will always find a sale for his products, if not here then elsewhere; and then, his clients are rich people who imitate

what they see abroad. What do they care for local industry? And we poor people, we disregard this, and do you know why? Because such expositions have no practical importance. In America perhaps they are as they ought to be, but with us it is simply a "turning of the head."

Such a "turning of the head" is, for instance, our "Association for . Knowledge of the Country" to which you wrote once, asking, what is the object of this Association. If you thought that it occupies itself with the question of enriching of the country, you erred greatly. They travel through the land, it is true, but for the pleasure of it, not in order to study what is done in this part or the other and what could be done in a given place. They care only for a nice locality, for old ruins of castles, palaces, churches, and nothing more. All this is very nice, but in my opinion it is not the time to do it now; we have so many questions of more importance, concerning the present and the future, that it is impossible to occupy ourselves with the past. So our peasants' reason tells us, which is contrary to the "fine reason of the lords" as the Jews say. In America people are more practical, therefore it is better there than here.

Staying in the country annoys me very much, not because I am without occupation I have enough for my strength - but much time remains which in Warsaw I spent in reading books, and here I have none. I am robbed of this only pleasure that remained, because I like books better than all amusements and play in society, all visits, etc. In Warsaw I surrounded myself with books like a true bookworm; here I cannot borrow them anywhere, and I am sad.

[Greetings and kisses.]

Zocha.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BRIEFS AND DEBATES

EDWARDS, RICHARD H., Immigration, Studies in American Social Conditions, University of Wisconsin, 1909.

GRIFFIN, A. P. C., List of Books with References to Periodicals on Immigration, 3d issue, Library of Congress, 1907.

RAY, MARY K., The Immigration Problem; Bibliography, Wisconsin Free Library Commission, 1909.

RINGWALT, R. C., Restriction of Immigration, in Briefs on Public Questions, pp. 31-41, 1913.

ROBBINS, E. C., Immigration, Further Restrictions of; Brief and Bibliography, in High School Debate Book, pp. 100–108. 1912.

SHURTER, E. D., and TAYLOR, C. C., Immigration; Brief and Bibliography, in Both Sides of One Hundred Public Questions, pp. 16–17, 1913. Constructive and Rebuttal Speeches of the Representatives of the State University of Iowa in the Inter-collegiate Debates, 1913-1914. University of Iowa.

Restriction of Immigration, in Debating and Public Discussion, pp. 36-39, University of Kansas, 1910.

The Educational Test; Minnesota High School Debating League. Bibliography, in University Extension Bulletin, pp. 20-3, University of Montana, 1914.

University of Texas. The Educational Test for Immigrants: Bibliography, Brief and Selected Arguments; ed. by E. D. Shurter and C. I. Francis. (Extension ser. no. 58.) 1914.

University of Texas. Intercollegiate Debates. Report of Debate on Illiteracy Test with Bibliography. (Extension ser. no. 57.) 1914. University of Washington. Immigration: Brief and Bibliography. 1913.

University of Wisconsin. Restriction of Immigration: Brief and Bibliography. Rev. ed. 1909.

LIST OF BIBLIOGRAPHIES ON RACIAL RELATIONS

See pages 9 and 10 of Americanization Bulletin, January 1, 1919. MAGAZINE ARTICLES

ABBOTT, GRACE, Adjustment - not Restriction, Survey, Vol. XXV, pp. 527-529, January 7, 1911.

The Bulgarians of Chicago, Charities, Vol. XXI, p. 653, 1909.