Every afternoon, at the Belgian Elephant Training Station at Api, in the Congo, the animals are led into the river to bathe, and the one which goes farthest receives a lump of salt from the keeper, who is in a canoe close by. When they leave the water they roll in the sand and mud to coat themselves with a protection against insects (see text, page 696).

The white-faced pair at the right will first smear themselves with the blood and brains of a fowl, and then proceed to cavort until they fall prostrate on the ground. These sorcerers often become rich through the sale of amulets and charms to their tribespeople.

found Livingstone. They completed their journey successfully, but, due to the greater distance covered, it took them nearly two months longer than any of the other parties to reach their destination.

A HAZARDOUS FERRY RIDE

My own car and one other, the only remaining units of the original Expedition, set out for Mozambique. We encountered many difficulties in crossing swamps and rivers in this part of the country. At the Ruaha River (200 feet wide and 15 feet deep) our only means of crossing was on an improvised ferry made of three leaky native pirogues connected by boards (see illustration, page 718).

Indeed,

When our first car was placed on it the crazy craft was only about two inches out of the water, and it filled so rapidly that three men had constantly to bail at full speed to prevent the whole contrivance from going to the bottom. only by superhuman efforts and great good luck did our second car escape a watery grave. The ferry sank almost immediately after this second car was landed.

We finally arrived on the shores of Lake Nyasa, where we saw a peculiar phenomenon. Great clouds seemed to rise from the surface of the lake, glittered a moment in the sun, and then suddenly disappeared. We discovered that these

AN ABABUA MALE CHORUS

Singing and dancing are popular pastimes with this tribe. The orchestra is in front, astride his drum.

ON GUARD

The African warrior makes himself appear as hideous as possible, daubing his face and body with ocher, white clay, and ashes.

A PIANIST OF CENTRAL AFRICA

The sounding box of this unique instrument is a gourd and its strings
are slips of bamboo. A pleasing musical effect is obtained by a good
performer.

ROBED FOR MAGISTERIAL DUTIES

Native chiefs act as judges in purely native disputes. The headdress and a loin cloth constitute the "judicial wig and robe," while the necklace is the badge of authority (see text, page 696).

NGANGA NKISSI-THE WITCH DOCTOR: STANLEYVILLE

Probably no single force has done more to keep the people of Central Africa steeped in ignorance and superstition than has the witch doctor. Usually more quick-witted and intelligent than the other villagers, "Nganga Nkissi," fantastically dressed, and smeared and bedaubed with paint and blood, claims to have direct communication with "Ndoki," the Great Evil Spirit. Since the people live in constant fear of evil spirits, one who can control them is naturally a person of importance.