sessions in the Mediterranean would make their position invulnerable. Lord Kitchener is believed to have emphatically protested to Premier Asquith and Mr. Churchill against any international combination which would leave the British strategic points in the Mediterranean insufficiently protected and expose her trade routes to India and the East to the attacks of ambitious continental powers. A reference to the map on page 159 will show the significance of Lord Kitchener's point of view. ice. The new law prescribes the number of Egean caused by the action of the Italian conscripts at 159,500, all for two years' fleet. The British garrisons in the Egean, at service. The increase is more than double Malta and at Gibraltar have hitherto been what the new military law in Germany will based upon the theory that the British posgive the German army. The peace effective of the Austro-Hungarian army which is now 290,000 will be raised to 350,000; and the war effective from 900,000 to 1,500,000. But perhaps the most important reform effected under the new law is that in the military penal code. It is almost unbelievable that the code actually in force is that of the time of Maria Theresa, or to be more exact, of Charles V., in 1519. Summary and oral procedure will take the place of indirect and written process, and in public as in civil law, so as to bring the military courts more into conformity with modern ideas. Heretofore Austro-Hungary has been the only one of the great European powers which kept out of the rivalry in armaments, but recent events the case against the Camorrists for murder and the exigencies of her political and military in 1906. Nine of the prisoners were condemned alliances have forced her into line. Because to imprisonment for thirty years for complicof this increase in the military establishment of the Dual Monarchy, the value of the Austro-Hungarian alliance to Germany has now become greatly enhanced. Protecting Convicting After a trial lasting almost sixteen months, a unanimous verdict was returned on July 8 in ity in the murder; sixteen for from six to nine years for instigating the murder and for belonging to a criminal association. It has been an extraordinary trial and the outcome was not fully expected. It may be said that It is said that at the Malta con- a system and a tradition, as well as a gang British Trade ference alluded to above Lord of murderers was on trial at Viterbo, the little Routes Kitchener called the attention of town a few miles north of the Italian capital. Premier Asquith and Mr. Churchill to the The Camorra, a secret society mainly comfact that the Italian attack upon Tripoli had posed of the poorer criminal classes banded resulted in serious political and commercial together to evade or defy the law, has, for conditions in Egypt. Riots of grave propor- more than a century, supplied most of the tions have taken place in Cairo and Alexan- disreputable and able criminals of Italy. It dria, and business conditions have suffered. has defied the Italian government; and by There was also the recent plot against the its ramifications all over the world, and its lives of the Khedive and Lord Kitchener. "foreign affiliations," known variously as the The Egyptian nationalists are becoming im- Black Hand and the Mafia, it has terrified patient under the restraints which prevent widely scattered portions of the civilized their joining their Mohammedan brothers in world. It took courage, ability and patience Tripoli against the Italians. On another page of an unusual order to convict these criminals, this month we quote some English opinions and the Italian system of criminal procedure of Kitchener's position and achievements has triumphantly vindicated its vitality and since becoming British Resident-General in efficiency. The trial at Viterbo brought out Egypt. England's stern, fighting man at testimony which would fill a library. It Cairo, who has been called her watchdog, lasted no longer than many a less important standing on the road between Europe and case before an Anglo-Saxon court, but it will Asia, informed the British statesmen at the be chiefly remembered as the victory of a Malta conference that he was much concerned modern government by law over a survival about the insecurity of commerce in the of organized lawlessness. Copyright by The American Press Association, New York THE SPECIAL COMMISSION WHICH IS ARBITRATING THE WAGE DISPUTE BETWEEN THE LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERS AND THE EASTERN RAILROADS (Top row, from left to right: Daniel Willard, president of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad; Otto M. Eidlitz, former president of the Building Trades Employers' Associ tion; Albert Shaw, editor of the REVIEW OF REVIEWS; Patrick H. Morrissey, representing the locomotive engineers. Lower row, from left to right; Charles R. Van Hise, president of the University of Wisconsin; Oscar S. Straus, former Secretary of Commerce and Labor [Chairman]; Frederick N. Judson, the St. Louis lawyer) RECORD OF (From June 12 to July 15, 1912) PROCEEDINGS IN CONGRESS June 12.-The Senate adopts an amendment to the Legislative, Executive and Judicial appropriation bill, repealing the law creating the Commerce Court. June 13.-The House accepts the conference report on the Army appropriation bill. June 15.-The Senate Committee on Territories reports a measure creating a legislative assembly for Alaska. June 18.-The House passes an amendment to the Sherman anti-trust law which would enable the government, in its prosecution of the coffee combine, to seize 900,000 bags of Brazilian coffee stored in New York. June 21.-The House passes the Sundry Civil appropriation bill ($109,577,414). July 1. A resolution is passed in both branches. extending through July the appropriations of the last fiscal year. July 2.-The House again passes the Army appropriation bill, omitting the clause affecting Major-General Wood's tenure of office. July 3.-The Senate rejects the House bill revising the chemical schedule of the tariff. July 5.-The Senate passes the Naval appropriation bill, with an amendment providing for the construction of two battleships. July 6.-The Senate begins its final discussion of the Lorimer case, Mr. Dillingham (Rep., Vt.) defending the majority report of the special committee, which exonerated Mr. Lorimer (Rep., Ill.). July 10. The House discusses the Sulzer bill creating a Department of Labor. July 11. The Senate receives the protest of Great Britain against the provision of the Panama Canal bill which permits American ships to use the canal free of tolls; Mr. Lorimer (Rep., Ill.) severely criticizes President Taft, ex-President Roosevelt, and others who have been active in the efforts to unseat him.... The House, by vote of 222 to 1, impeaches Judge Archbald of the Commerce Court; the Clayton measure, providing jury trials in cases of indirect contempt of court, is passed. July 13.-The Senate, at the close of a threedays speech by Mr. Lorimer (Rep., Ill.) in his own defense, declares his election invalid by reason of corrupt methods and practices employed. July 15. In the Senate, Mr. Burton (Rep., Ohio) and Mr. Root (Rep., N. Y.) begin the debate upon the Panama Canal bill, urging adherence to the terms of the Hay-Pauncefote treaty in the matter of tolls. POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT-AMERICAN investi the Clearing House in New York City, testifies Roosevelt announces his conversion to the cause June 13.-The United States Circuit Court, at Wilmington, Del., orders the dissolution of the socalled Powder Trust. June 14.-The Secretary of Commerce and Labor approves the new regulations requiring lifeboat accommodations for all persons on board ocean liners. June 15.-Theodore Roosevelt arrives in Chicago, to take personal charge of the contest for the control of the Republican Convention. June 17.-President Taft vetoes the Army appropriation bill, because of radical legislation embodied therein. . . . In the Maine primaries, Edwin C. Burleigh wins the Republican nomination for United States Senator, and William T. Haines for Governor; Senator Gardner and Governor Plaisted are renominated by the Democrats. . . The National Packing Company, the so-called Beef Trust, informs the Department of Justice that it will dissolve by August 1. June 18.-The Republican National Convention begins its sessions at Chicago; Elihu Root is chosen temporary chairman. . . . Harland B. Howe is nominated for Governor by the Vermont Democratic Convention. . . . The Interstate Commerce Commission begins an inquiry into the alleged monopoly in the transportation of anthracite coal. June 19.-The Taft contesting delegates in the Republican National Convention are, by vote of 564 to 510, permitted to vote upon one another's cases. June 20.-The New Hampshire Constitutional Convention, in session at Concord, rejects a proposed amendment granting the suffrage to women. June 21.-Two Taft contesting delegates from a California district are seated in the Republican National Convention, contrary to the State law, Roosevelt having carried the primary. . . . William J. Bryan appeals to prominent Democrats to join him in an effort to prevent the selection of Alton B. Parker as temporary chairman of the Democratic National Convention. . . . The House Judiciary Committee unanimously decides to report articles of impeachment against Judge Robert W. Archbald, of the Commerce Court. ... The New Hampshire Constitutional Convention adopts an amendment permitting the Legislature to impose a direct tax on the incomes of public-service corporations. HON. GEORGE WINGFIELD, OF NEVADA in the United States Senate) June 22.-William Howard Taft and James (Who has been appointed to succeed the late George S. Nixon Schoolcraft Sherman are renominated for President and Vice-President, respectively, in the Republican National Convention; Theodore Roosevelt, who refused to permit his name to be presented to the convention as constituted, is later nominated as the Presidential candidate of a new Progressive party, at a meeting held in Orchestra Hall, Chicago. June 25.-The Democratic National Convention begins its sessions at Baltimore; William J. Bryan, as leader of the "progressive" wing, is defeated for the temporary chairmanship by Alton B. Parker. June 27.-Allen M. Fletcher is nominated, for Governor of Vermont at the Republican State Convention. . . . Congressman Louis B. Hanna wins the Republican gubernatorial primary in North Dakota. June 28.-In the Democratic National Convention, the first ballot for the Presidential nomination results in 440 votes for Champ Clark, 324 for Woodrow Wilson, 148 for Judson Harmon, and 117 for Oscar Underwood; eleven additional ballots are taken without result. . . . The Interstate Commerce Commission suspends proposed increases in excess-baggage charges on railways. July 1.-President Taft nominates William Marshall Bullitt, of Lousiville, to be SolicitorGeneral of the United States. Baltimore; Governor Thomas Riley Marshall, of Indiana, is chosen for Vice-President. . . . The Ohio Republican Convention nominates Judge Edmond B. Dillon for Governor and endorses the Taft administration. July 3.-A. Piatt Andrew resigns as AssistantSecretary of the Treasury, attacking the efficiency of Secretary MacVeagh.... President Taft leaves Washington for his summer home at Beverly, Mass. July 5.-The Indiana constitution, as drafted and adopted by the State Legislature, is declared unconstitutional by the Indiana Supreme Court. July 7.-A call is issued at New York City, signed by sixty-three men representing forty States, summoning delegates to a national Progressive convention to meet in Chicago, on August 6, for the purpose of nominating candidates for President and Vice-President. July 9. Charles D. Hilles, Secretary to the President, is chosen chairman of the Republican National Committee and will manage the Taft campaign. July 12.-The National Prohibition Convention, in session at Atlantic City, nominates Eugene W. Chafin for President and Aaron S. Watkins for Vice-President. July 2.-Governor Woodrow Wilson, of New July 14.-The Interstate Commerce CommisJersey, is nominated for President on the 46th sion makes public the results of its investigation and orders sweeping reductions in rates and changes in methods. July 15.-William F. McCombs, of New York, is chosen by the Democratic National Committee to serve as chairman and direct the campaign of Woodrow Wilson for the Presidency. POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT-FOREIGN June 12-14. The Cuban government troops, under General Monteagudo defeat the insurgents in several engagements near Santiago. June 13.-Temporary provision is made in France for the free importation of wheat. . . . King George, upon the occasion of his birthday, creates peers of Sir Francis Channing, General Nicholson, and Lord Carrick. June 17.-The Mexican revolutionists report that they have repulsed an attacking force of federal troops near Bachimba. June 18.-Six hundred Cuban rebels under General Estenoz set fire to a plantation near Guantanamo; the flames are extinguished by United States marines. June 19.-A government measure is introduced in the Argentine parliament, providing for a highpower wireless service under state control. June 25.-Gen. Pascual Orozco, the Mexican revolutionary leader, offers to surrender if amnesty be granted to him and his men. . . . José Ramirez, a former cabinet minister, is assassinated at San Juan del Sur, Nicaragua. June 27-The Cuban insurgent leader, Gen. Evaristo Estenoz, is killed in an engagement near Santiago.... President Yuan Shih-kai accepts the resignation of Tang Shao-yi as Premier of China. June 30.-Lu Cheng-Hsiang, Minister of Foreign Affairs, is appointed Premier of China. July 2.-The Chinese National Assembly passes the first reading of a bill placing the post-office under exclusive Chinese control, entailing the dismissal of 150 foreign employees. July 3.-The Mexican revolutionists under General Orozco are decisively defeated in a battle south of Chihuahua, leaving 1700 dead and 2900 wounded. . . . The British Board of Trade's inquiry into the cause of the Titanic wreck comes to an end. July 4.-Robert L. Borden, the Canadian Premier, is warmly welcomed on his arrival in London. July 5. The Mexican federal troops take possession of the city of Chihuahua, evacuated by the rebels. . . . Press censorship in Mexico is removed, the government believing the revolution to be under control. July 6.-Rumors of a Royalist uprising in northern Portugal cause the government to send a warship to Oporto. . . . The Norwegian Storthing passes the $5,000,000 naval budget. July 8. The trial of the Camorrist leaders at Viterbo, Italy, comes to an end, having lasted seventeen months; eight of the men are sentenced each to thirty years solitary confinement, and the others to shorter terms. July 9.-The Portuguese army reserves are called out in the northern districts to suppress the Monarchist uprising. . . . General Garibaldi resigns his command of the Mexican federal volunteers in Sonora. July 10.-After a discussion lasting nearly a electoral reform bill based on proportional representation. . . . Chevket Pasha resigns as Turkish Minister of War. ... Portuguese Royalists burn the city of Braga. . . . Robert L. Borden, the Canadian Premier, is the guest at a great banquet of the Colonial Institute in London. July 11. The commander of the Cuban government troops in Oriente Province declares the the commander of the federal troops to all Mexican rebellion at an end. . . . Amnesty is promised by revolutionists who surrender within thirty days. The Portuguese rebels are severely defeated and retire to the mountains. July 12.-A 24-hour strike is declared at Zurich as a protest against loose immigration laws in Switzerland. July 13.-David Lloyd-George, Chancellor of the Exchequer, is assaulted in London by an opponent of his national insurance scheme. dent of Panama without opposition, the candiJuly 14.-Dr. Belisario Porras is elected Presidate of President Arosemena having withdrawn. Five members of the Chinese cabinet resign, including the Minister of Finance. effect in Great Britain; 30,000 dock laborers at July 15.-The National Insurance Act goes into Liverpool and Birkenhead refuse to pay the tax, and go on strike. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS June 12.-A strong force of Turks and Arabs is repulsed with heavy losses from the Italian position at Homs, Tripoli. . . . Chief Willis L. Moore, of the United States Weather Bureau, outlines in London a plan for the creation of an international weather and storm bureau. June 13. The visiting German battleship squadron ends its stay at the port of New York, June 20.-Representatives of the six-power group of bankers reach an agreement at Paris in the matter of the proposed $300,000,000 loan to the new Chinese republic. June 25.-China rejects the terms of the proposed international loan. June 28.-The Italian forces in Tripoli report an engagement with Turks and Arabs at Sidi Said, in which 200 of the latter are killed. July 3.-Costa Rica requests the United States Government to lend her the services of Colonel Goethals and his Panama Canal staff, to devise plans for constructing harbors and forts on its Pacific coast. July 4.-The German Emperor and the Czar of Russia meet at Baltic Port, Russia. July 9. The Italian forces in Tripoli report another victory over Arabs and Turks, at Mis ratah. July 10.-At the request of the American consul at Hermosillo, Mexico, the War Department sends rifles and ammunition to protect Americans there. July 11-Great Britain protests against the provision in the Panama Canal bill, before the United States Senate, which would permit American ships to use the canal free of tolls. July 13.-Great Britain further protests to the United States against the provision in the Panama Canal bill which bars railroad-owned ships THE SUB-COMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON RESOLUTIONS OF THE BALTIMORE CONVENTION (From left to right: Thomas J. Walsh, William Jennings Bryan, Governor Foss of Massachusetts, Senator O'Gorman of New York, and Senator Pomerene of Ohio) OTHER OCCURRENCES OF THE MONTH June 12.-A monument to Alexander III is unveiled by the Czar at Moscow. June 14.-Three men are killed in conflicts between striking laborers and deputy sheriff at Perth Amboy, N. J. . . . A record price for cattle, $8 a hundred, is reached at Chicago. June 16.-More than thirty-five persons lose their lives in wind storms which sweep over Missouri, Ohio, Indiana, and western Pennsylvania. June 17.-The London dock strike comes to an end, the workmen's ballot being against its continuance. London's annual international horse show is opened at Olympia. June 19-President and Mrs. Taft observe the twenty-sixth anniversary of their marriage. June 21. An earthquake in Costa Rica causes a snow storm in tropical weather. June 23.-Porto Rican health officials report the recent death of seven persons from bubonic plague. ...The business section of Canning, Nova Scotia, is destroyed by fire. . . . The collapse of a dock on Grand Island throws more than 200 persons into the Niagara River, a score of them being drowned. June 24.-The sentences of imprisonment passed upon Samuel Gompers, John Mitchell, and Frank Morrison, for contempt of court, are reaffirmed by the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia. Mrs. Emmeline Pankhurst and Mrs. Pethick Lawrence, the British suffragettes, are released from prison after serving approximately one month of their nine-months' sentences. ... Hundreds of houses are destroyed by fire at Chicoutimi, Quebec, June 27.-It is learned that the British Government has arranged for the construction of five high-power wireless stations, at a cost of $3,000,000 to establish a complete around-the-world service. ... United States army surgeons are sent to Porto Rico to check the bubonic plague. June 28.-The Zeppelin dirigible balloon Schwaben I is destroyed by an explosion at Düsseldorf. A successful women-suffrage parade is held in Baltimore. June 29-Rev. Stephen Newman, D.D., is chosen president of Howard University. June 30.-The city of Regina, capital of Saskatchewan Province, Canada, is struck by a tornado; more than fifty lives are lost and property damaged to the extent of several million dollars. July 1. Harriet Quimby, the woman aviator, loses control of her machine at the Boston aviation meet, and, with W. A. P. Willard, a passenger, is killed. The spread of the foot-and-mouth disease in Ireland causes a rigid quarantine in northern England and the close of cattle markets. July 2. The dirigible balloon Akron explodes during a flight at Atlantic City, killing its builder, Melvin Vaniman, and the four other members of its crew. . . . The cornerstone of the new School of Journalism, at Columbia University, is laid by Mrs. Joseph Pulitzer. July 3. A series of recommendations concerning the use of wireless at sea is adopted at the closing session of the International Radio-Telegraph Conference in London. July 4.-Thirty-nine persons are killed and sixty injured, when an express train crashes into a |